In this study, 59 epidemiologically unrelated Salmonella strains isolated from foods in T&uuml / rkiye and 49 Salmonella strains obtained from National Salmonella Reference Laboratories of Germany were analysed. For the characterization of strains, analyses such as serotyping, phage typing, antibiotyping and molecular biological characterization were done. The strains exhibited 17 different serotypes with S. Enteritidis serotype and PT21 phage type being the most prevalent in Turkish isolates. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed against NAL for Turkish strains, whereas it was against SUL for strains from German origin. Molecular typing of all strains exhibited different plasmid profiles and PFGE patterns. There were 1-4 plasmids/profile for Turkish strains and 1-7 plasmids/profile for German strains. The PFGE patterns revealed 42 different subgroups, having two major clusters with 44,3% arbitrary homology. Among 72 resistant strains, the most prevalent resistance genotypes were observed as blatem-1 (%56, AMP resistance) / floR (%100, CHL and FFC resistance) / aphA1 (%100, KAN and NEO resistance) / tet(A) (%53, TET resistance) / aadA1 (%82, SPE and STR resistance) / sulI (%78, SUL resistance). The class I integron variable region analyses exhibited 700 bp (1 strain), 1000 bp (37 strain), 1200 bp (16 strain) and 1600 bp (3 strain) integrons.

The thesis builds up on the significance of the social aspect of the statistics giving direct reference to the standards of the European Union (EU) on statistics. The study concentrates on the modernization, reformation and transformation process of the Turkish Statistical System, particularly the health statistics on the basis of a specific Programme called &ldquo / Upgrading the Statistical System of Turkey&rdquo / funded by the EU and the Law on Turkish Statistics (No: 5429) within the process of the harmonization of the Turkish Statistical System, which aims the integration of the current system to the international one via the EU acquis communautaire. This thesis presents the causes of the death statistics as one of the most significant dimensions of statistics since it is the most extensive and the oldest public health surveillance system in the world. The reformation in the certification process, the classification stage and the analysis of the cause of the death statistics (COD) are examined in detail hereby. Improvement of the coverage, introduction of the International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision (ICD-10), development of institutional coordination and a new formation of the causes of death statistics in line with the EU requirements are analyzed in depth. Based on the findings of this study, it is proposed that the introduction of ICD-10 and improvement of the coverage of the COD statistics are not sufficient to ameliorate the shortcomings of the current death certificate system rested upon on the two documents including the &ldquo / COD forms&rdquo / and the &ldquo / burial licence&rdquo / in Turkey. The study also suggests that solutions to be proposed should be radical and effective since the problems encountered in the death certificate system are deep-rooted. Consequently, with regard to the issues of increasing the coverage of physical autopsy and providing training for the COD forms and with the aim of reducing diversified and complex chain of bureaucratic transactions, it is essential to bring an encompassing new legal base for the current death certificate system.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of local vibration on muscle performance at different durations and frequencies. Fifteen male handball players participated in the study voluntarily. University&rsquo / s Ethics Committee approved the study and the informed consent forms were filled by all participants. Different vibration durations, (10 sec, 1 min, 10 min), different frequencies (40 and 80 Hz), dominancy (dominant and non-dominant) and conditions (vibration and no-vibration) were independent variables of study. Dependent variables were maximum isometric strength measures under different situations. One way Repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferoni adjusted paired sample t-tests and Two way Repeated ANOVA was used for statistical analyses. Result of this study demonstrated that local vibration (LV) induced significantly higher muscle activity than no vibration (NV) condition. Strength improvements were obtained in quadriceps muscles of dominant and non-dominant legs for 40 Hz and 80 Hz. When 40 Hz vibration was applied to dominant leg with different durations (10 sec, 1 min, 10 min), significantly higher strength measures were found than no vibration. When 80 Hz vibration was applied to dominant leg with different durations (10 sec, 1 min, 10 min), only 10-sec vibration duration revealed significant increase in strength measures. When 40 Hz vibration was applied to non-dominant leg with different durations, (10 sec, 1 min, 10 min) significantly higher strength measures were found than no vibration. When 80 Hz vibration was applied to non-dominant leg with different durations (10 sec, 1 min, 10 min), 10-sec and 1 min vibration durations revealed significant increase in strength measures. However, no significant difference was obtained when the different vibration durations were compared between 40 Hz and 80 Hz.

Mobile devices are becoming widely common today. As the number of mobile devices continue to grow all around the world, its functionality is extending and mobile technologies are gaining more popularity in every aspect of our life. Today, wide range of mobile services is offered to people. The purpose of our study is examining the customer value of mobile services for individuals or citizens. A value model for mobile services has been proposed with five dimensions: Functional Value, Social Value, Emotional Value, Epistemic Value and Economic Value. The effect on each value dimension on Intention to Use (ITU) is aimed to be determined. A survey instrument for mobile Internet services and short message services (SMS) has been developed to validate the proposed model. After assuring the reliability of instrument with a pilot study, data was collected from 303 people working in information and communication technologies (ICT) sector in Turkey. For analyzing proposed model variance-based structural equation modeling (partial least squares) was used. Before evaluating model, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to indentify underlying constructs. Based on EFA results, Functional Value was found to have sub-dimensions namely: Ubiquity Value, Performance Value and Security Value. The measurement model was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The structural model was analyzed using predictive power. For both mobile Internet and SMS, moderate predictive power has been gathered. Finally, the effect of each value dimension on intention to use (ITU) has been evaluated. Ubiquity Value, Performance Value and Epistemic Value have significant effect on ITU for mobile Internet. On the other hand, Economic Value and Performance Value have significant effect on ITU The indications of this research will be valuable for providing information about customer value of current mobile services.

Haemoglobin concentration is becoming a widely popular parameter to use to assess physiological condition within a broad range of species. Assessments of large populations would preferable be done in field to receive quick results and avoid confounding factors associated with transport of blood. A validation study is here performed to see how well the point-of-care device HemoCue Hb 201 + can assess haemoglobin concentration on avian blood. Nucleated erythrocytes have previously been pointed out as something that makes it problematic to apply HemoCue Hb 201 +, designed for human blood, on avian blood. Here it is shown that HemoCue Hb 201 + accurately can estimate haemoglobin concentration for chicken-, tinamou-, and ostrich blood. However, manipulation of ostrich cells, to yield a larger mean corspuscular volume, results in HemoCue Hb 201 + overestimating haemoglobin concentration. A large mean corpuscular volume could therefore be something that impair accuracy in values retrieved with HemoCue Hb 201 +. This study shows that HemoCue Hb 201 + seems possible to apply on avian blood to some extent, but highlights the importance of validation studies when applying this device on new species.

This thesis analyzes the relation between Kripke&#039 / s rule-sceptic argument and Wittgenstein&#039 / s paradox. Besides, Kripke&#039 / s claim that the conclusion of Wittgenstein&#039 / s private language argument is stated in PI 202 will be discussed. The thesis will also evaluate the consistency of Kripke&#039 / s rule-sceptic argument independently of Wittgenstein&#039 / s views.

The aim in this study is to find the variables that caused differentiation in the urban integration levels of families who migrated from East and Southeast Anatolian Regions after the 1980&rsquo / s due to ethno-political reasons, forcedly. Thus, demographic, socioeconomic, socio-spatial, solidarity networks (social, political, organizational,) and criminal variables have been evaluated, to see whether they caused differentiation in the urban integration levels of forced migrants or not. A total number of 175 household heads, who have migrated to Mersin due to ethno-political reasons, have been interviewed. We found that the urban integration level of forced migrants differentiates according to their socioeconomic status in village and whether they commit crime or not. In conclusion, we presented a political plan shaped around these two variables.

This thesis analyses the pecularities of German imperialism in the Near East. The economic aspect of German imperialist policy is reflected in the Baghdad Railway Project, and the political aspect in the German support for pan-Islamism. in this thesis, it is argued that both of these policies were dominated by an anti-colonialist discourse, which formed the distinct nature of German imperialism in the Near East. in order to prove this argument, the works of advocates of German expansion in the Near East has been analysed as the main sourced of influence on the German public opinion.

The withdrawal of water sources concluded the reuse of treated wastewaters, especially for non-potable purposes. Agricultural use of the reclaimed wastewaters is one of the reuse options. However health considerations of the reuse of reclaimed wastewaters for public related purposes are underestimated, since wastewaters contain a variety of microbial pathogens, which may be transmitted to workers and consumers through the crops irrigated. Of these, parasitic eggs have a special place, as they are capable of surviving in the soil for months or even years, depending on environmental conditions. There is insufficient accumulated information on the health related criteria for the reuse of treated wastewaters in Turkey. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the helminthic eggs in raw sewage and in effluents of ASKi municipal wastewater treatment plant in Ankara. The study involved examining to decide whether these organisms exist in the wastewaters at all, and if so in what concentrations. Modified Bailenger&rsquo / s method, which published in the &ldquo / WHO Laboratory Manual of Parasitological and Bacteriological Techniques&rdquo / and &ldquo / U.S.EPA ICR Microbial Laboratory Manual&rdquo / were used in developing the specific methods used in this study.

Habilitationsschrift--Tübingen. / Bibliography: p. [215]-237.