Although the term modernismo means many things to many people, it is generally agreed upon that as a literary period it gave a legitimacy to Spanish-American letters and that it was the coming of age of that continent's literature. In addition to modernista works themselves, this period has also generated an unprecedented body of criticism, both of which have been studied with a unique intensity in Latin American letters. However, in spite of this vast body of criticism, certain aspects of the modernista sensibility have never been addressed by critics. This study begins by questioning the absence of women writers of this generation (in spite of the fact that women were living and writing before, during, and after modernismo). The most celebrated female protagonist of the modernista novel, the femme fatale, contrary to her reputation as destroyer of men, frequently suffers a premature and often violent death at the hands of the male artist/protagonist/poet. While examining the turn-of-the-century ideal of womanhood, using both literary and extra-literary sources, this study postulates that because modernistas considered themselves to be a literary men's club, a fraternity, in their own words, the female writer may have purposely eschewed becoming a part of an aesthetic which destroyed women. Through the analysis of three representative modernista novels, El triunfo del ideal (Pedro César Domínici, Venezuela, 1901), Juana Lucero (Augusto d'Halmar, Chile, 1902), and La gloria de don Ramiro (Enrique Larreta, Argentina, 1908), parallels can be drawn between the modernista aesthetic and the pornographic one. While modernismo has been called the "effeminate" literature of a group of dandies, it is, in fact, profoundly misogynist. The rape, torture, murder and burning at the stake and otherwise objectification of the female protagonists tends to confirm this reading. The Latin American dichotomy of civilización/barbarie can also be expressed in the pornographic one of culture versus nature. Rather than a tragedy, the deaths of beautiful young women are perceived as a requisite for the artist's source of inspiration. If the death of a beautiful woman produces poetry, the turn-of-the-century female writer's reluctance to join this club becomes more understandable.

The Communist Party's control of Soviet literature gradually evolved from the 1920s and reached its height in the 1940s. The amount of control exerted over Soviet literature reflected the strengthening power of the Communist Party. Sources used in this thesis include speeches, articles, and resolutions of leaders in the Communist Party, novels produced by Soviet authors from the 1920s through the 1940s, and analyses of leading critics of Soviet literature and Soviet history. The thesis is structured around the political and literary developments during the periods of 1917-1924, 1924-1932, 1932-1941, and 1946-1949. The conclusion is that the Communist Party seized control of Soviet literature to disseminate Party policy, minimize dissent, and produce propaganda, not to provide an outlet for creative talent.

M.A. (Greek) / The main purpose of this study has been to investigate the work of Greek poets in South Africa's Hellenic Diaspora from 1960 up to date, a period of a more voiummous artistic production due to the noticeable increase in the number of new Hellene immigrants and the innovative cultural atmosphere they brought along. Under this perspective, we examined the forces which led individuals to artistic creation with special focus on the relation between national identity and poetic production. Research has initially been based on poem collections, personal interviews as well as on newspaper articles, magazine publications and schedules of events which constitute our primary resources. In due course, lexicons and encyclopaedias were used to clarify terminology and semantics, as well as p!Cvious studies and relevant bibliography in order to prove, substantiate and enrich our present study. Implementation of quantitative and qualitative approaches with the use of questionnaires, interviews and data analysis rendered our project the following form: In the first chapter, Hellas is examined as the poets' country of origin in order to investigate the possible historic and literary influences carried over by the Greek poets to their new home. A history review of the period between the Second World War and 1974 was conducted examining the Hellenic socio-economic conditions predominant during the said period, which are likely to have led individuals into emigrating, as well as the post-war Hellenic literary development…

by Linda Pui-ling Wong. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 277-299). / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iii / Abbreviations --- p.v / Chapter Chapter One --- Chinese Modernity Reconsidered --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two --- The Presence of the Pre-Raphaelites in China --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter Three --- The Cross-cultural Counterparts: The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the Crescent Moon Society in China --- p.44 / Chapter Chapter Four --- "New Images of Lovers: Chinese Adaptations of Dante Rossetti's ""The Blessed Damozel""" --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter Five --- The Lyrical and Melancholic Women: The Reconstruction of Christina Rossetti --- p.132 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Utopian Thinking in May Fourth China: The Rise of William Morris --- p.152 / Chapter Chapter Seven --- A Patriotic Model for Modern China: The Early W.B. Yeats as a New Romantic --- p.172 / Chapter Chapter Eight --- "The Chinese ""Decadents"": Indebtedness to Algernon Swinburne, Aubrey Beardsley and Oscar Wilde" --- p.193 / Chapter Chapter Nine --- "The ""Fleshly School of Poetry""in China?" --- p.244 / rllustrations --- p.272 / Glossary --- p.274 / Bibliography --- p.277

by Lau Kam Fung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-114). / Chapter Chapter One --- The Self in Comparative Perspectives --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Emergence of the New Chinese Self and Ideological Changes in Modern China --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter Three --- "Body, Self and Subjectivity in ffang Anyi's Love in a Small Town" --- p.44 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Re-assertion of Self and the New Woman in Zhang Jie's The Ark --- p.60 / Chapter Chapter Five --- "The Loss of Self in Zhang Xinxin's ""On the Same Horizon""" --- p.78 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Constructions of the Female Self in Contemporary Chinese Fiction --- p.93 / Notes --- p.102 / Works Cited --- p.106

Tsang, Tak Fai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-168). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Dedication --- p.iv / Contents --- p.v / Chapter Chapter 1 - --- Introduction / Postmodernism and the poststructuralist view of enunciation / Chapter A.) --- What is Postmodernism? - Three Dimensions --- p.1 / Chapter B.) --- What constitutes a problem with Postmodernism? --- p.26 / Chapter C.) --- What is an alternative framework? --- p.33 / Chapter D.) --- Conclusion --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter 2 - --- Complementary relationships between discourses and subjects / One Hundred Years of Solitude - solitudes longing for dialogue / Chapter A.) --- Introduction - a Poetics of Contest --- p.42 / Chapter B.) --- The Insufficiency of Contest and Subversion --- p.60 / Chapter C.) --- One Hundred Years of Solitude - a longing for dialogue --- p.69 / Chapter D.) --- Conclusion: Dialogism and Liberal Humanism --- p.83 / Chapter Chapter 3 - --- Subject and History / Midnight's Children - dialogues of individual and national unity / Chapter A.) --- Hutcheon's view of subjectivity and history --- p.84 / Chapter B.) --- Hypothesis: a dialogical structure of discourses in Midnight's Children --- p.93 / Chapter C.) --- Conclusion: re-defining the liberal humanist subject --- p.115 / Chapter Chapter 4 - --- Subject and Politics / Beloved 226}0ؤ Agency and the articulation of a favourable identity for ex-slaves / Chapter A.) --- p.117 / Chapter B.) --- Problems of Hutcheońةs framework in Beloved --- p.131 / Chapter C.) --- "Modifying Hutcheońةs framework: Dialogism, Centres and Discourses" --- p.137 / Chapter D.) --- Conclusion: redefining postmodernist subjectivity --- p.149 / Chapter Chapter 5 - --- Conclusion / Reconfiguring Liberal Humanism - an enunciative basis / Chapter A.) --- Significance --- p.151 / Chapter B.) --- "The Enunciating Subject, The Enonce and Power" --- p.152 / Chapter C.) --- From Epistemology to Ethics --- p.156 / Chapter D.) --- Opening the Dialogue - the Performative --- p.158 / Chapter E.) --- A Forward Glance: Dialogue in a Postmodernity --- p.160 / Epilogue --- p.162 / Bibliography / Works Cited --- p.163 / Works Consulted --- p.167

梁珊珊. / "2006年8月" / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(leaves 133-146). / "2006 nian 8 yue" / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Liang Shanshan. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 133-146). / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 硏究對象 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究範圍 --- p.5 / Chapter 第三節 --- 他人硏究成果槪述 --- p.18 / Chapter 第四節 --- 女性主義敘事學理論簡介 --- p.20 / Chapter 第二章 --- “五四´ح時期書信體小說興起的源流及槪况 --- p.26 / Chapter 第一節 --- 客觀歷史條件的具備 --- p.27 / Chapter 第二節 --- 晚清以迄“五四´ح書信體小說的流變 --- p.31 / Chapter 第三節 --- 西方文學理論的影響 --- p.42 / Chapter 第三章 --- 書信體小說的文體特徵 --- p.46 / Chapter 第一節 --- 真實性 --- p.46 / Chapter 第二節 --- 私密性/封閉性 --- p.48 / Chapter 第三節 --- 對話性/公共性 --- p.53 / Chapter 第四節 --- 兼容性 --- p.56 / Chapter 第四章 --- 書信體小說的敘述視點及敘述層次 --- p.58 / Chapter 第一節 --- 敘述視點 --- p.58 / Chapter 第二節 --- 敘述層次 --- p.74 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小結 --- p.87 / Chapter 第五章 --- 書信體小說的女性主義敘事學硏究 --- p.88 / Chapter 第一節 --- 作者型敘述聲音 --- p.94 / Chapter 第二節 --- 個人型敘述聲音 --- p.100 / Chapter 第三節 --- 集體型敘述聲音 --- p.108 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.110 / Chapter 第六章 --- 書信體小說的衰落 --- p.113 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結論 --- p.118 / Chapter 第一節 --- 總結 --- p.118 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究意義 --- p.123 / [附錄一]“五四´ح女作家小傳 --- p.125 / [附錄二] “五四´ح女作家書信體小說(1917-1927)列表 --- p.131 / 參考文獻 --- p.133 / Chapter 一、 --- 作家作品 --- p.133 / Chapter 二、 --- 參考. --- p.135 / Chapter 三、 --- 學位論文 --- p.141 / Chapter 四、 --- 期刊論文 --- p.141

「自由」在本論文中，可以理解為實體、抽象、比喻意義上的「通道」。我認為那些最初大概源於城市經驗的關於通道的想像，既是西西致力書寫的對象，也是她小說美學的理想。以本雅明的《拱廊街計劃》（Das Passagen-Werk），以及狄雪圖的步行者美學作為理解「通道」的起點。人群、商品、貨幣、資訊等的流動變易可說是它最重要的特質，從維希留速度學的角度看來，它的極致則是「消失」的空間。 / 我使用通道一詞，不僅指向西西小說中現實的城市空間和它的實踐者（通過對庶民生活細緻而富有詩意的描寫，在理論家們看來，日漸抽象無法把握的城市文化，在西西小說裡卻呈現出它最具質感而活潑的部分），同時也是西西多年來在寫作這門技藝漸漸透現的美學特徵，以及價值理想。這意味著西西以多重視點、對話、拼貼、互文，混合媒介等等技法來創造文本的開放視野，以及流動狀態，但這些明顯具有「後現代」特徵的形式並不指向意義消解的世界，它們的遊戲性充滿了對世界的深情關注。因此，西西的「通道」既有著資本主義城市開放流動的特徵，但同時也是對它那種無情個性的抵抗。流動意味著的不是消失，而是溝通與對話，以致於透現出一種生命意識：宇宙萬物可以彼此轉化流動。 / In this dissertation, “freedom can be understood as “passages in their literal, abstract and figurative senses. I consider the concept of “passages as inspired initially by urban experience, and as the theme and aesthetic ideal of Xi Xi’s fiction. Using Walter Benjamin’s The Arcades Project (Das Passagen-Werk) and Michel de Certeau’s notion of “street walkers as a starting point, the most important characteristic of “passages can be seen as their fluid, transient nature in terms of people, commercial goods, currency, information, etc.; and from the perspective of Paul Virilio’s dromology, they can be spaces of “disappearance in their most extreme form. / I use the term “passages, not only to refer to urban space and its practitioners in Xi Xi’s novels (through the poetic and meticulous descriptions of ordinary people’s daily lives, which demonstrates how Xi Xi’s work represents the most concrete and liveliest parts of urban culture--in spite of theorists’ notion of the city as an increasingly abstract space), but also to reflect the aesthetic features, ideals, and values developed over the years in Xi Xi’s writing. Using the techniques of different points of view, dialogue, collage, intertextuality, mixed media, etc., Xi Xi’s fiction enables formal fluidity and openness. But the obvious “postmodern characteristics of these formal experiments do not aim at the elimination of meaning. Rather, the playful gestures in these works are full of affectionate attention toward the world. Xi Xi’s work, therefore, adapts the fluidity of “passages in a capitalist city, but at the same time, resists its ruthless nature. “Passages in her work do not imply disappearance, but communication and dialogue. They also exhibit a vision of life: all things in the fluid universe can transform into each other. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 謝曉虹. / "2013年7月". / "2013 nian 7 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-75). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Xie Xiaohong. / Chapter 引言 --- 關於通道的美學 --- p.（頁1） / Chapter 第一章 --- 穿牆人 / Chapter 第一節 --- 牆 --- p.（頁9） / Chapter 第二節 --- 名字 --- p.（頁11） / Chapter 第三節 --- 離地 --- p.（頁14） / Chapter 第四節 --- 故事的形狀 --- p.（頁17） / Chapter 第二章 --- 通道 / Chapter 第一節 --- 通道 --- p.（頁22） / Chapter 第二節 --- 陌生人 --- p.（頁28） / Chapter 第三節 --- 公共人 --- p.（頁32） / Chapter 第三章 --- 眼睛 / Chapter 第一節 --- 眼睛 --- p.（頁35） / Chapter 第二節 --- 沉思者 --- p.（頁38） / Chapter 第三節 --- 店玻璃 --- p.（頁42） / Chapter 第四章 --- 軟世界 / Chapter 第一節 --- 五十七個電視 --- p.（頁47） / Chapter 第二節 --- 縫接 --- p.（頁49） / Chapter 第三節 --- 肉體與石頭 --- p.（頁52） / Chapter 第四節 --- 軟世界 --- p.（頁55） / Chapter 第五章 --- 造房子 / Chapter 第一節 --- 立體房子 --- p.(頁59) / Chapter 第二節 --- 無數度 --- p.(頁62) / Chapter 第三節 --- 房子的自由 --- p.(頁67) / 引用書目 --- p.(頁73)

There remain two recurring criticisms of John Updike's fiction. The first comes from feminist critics who condemn his negative portrayal of women, accusing his fiction of denigrating women. The second comes from late twentieth century critics who accuse him of avoiding political and historical discussions in his fiction. However, it is my contention that Updike is willing to address both of these concerns, and I arrive at such an argument by carefully analyzing his collection of short stories compiled in Too Far To Go: The Maples Stories. Within these stories, Updike's female characters illustrate the shifting gender paradigms over the course of the fifties, sixties, and seventies amidst the middle-class, suburban American milieu. Updike's women act as agents of history providing testament to the shifting gender paradigms and historical, cultural, political, and social milestones of a maturing country and its growing pains. / by Cindy M. Rosen. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

This study traces the significant developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries which led to the development of electronic music and increased writing for percussion. Whether by coincidence or premeditation, the field of percussion in Western culture and electronic music share many parallel aspects in their history. Carlos Chavez, Edgard Varese and John Cage foresaw a time when electronic music would allow composers to realize compositions with ease, provide new sounds to the spectrum of possible material for pieces and aid in the conception of works. Significantly, these same composers were important figures in the development of percussion composition. In many ways, Lejaren Hiller's Machine Music can be seen as a culmination of the developments which had been taking place in the history of electronic music and percussion music. A product of the innovations in both fields, it poses some formidable problems for the performers. This study will give some background into its composition, examine its structure and deal with its performance problems.