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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Half Baked: The Federal and State Conflicts of Legalizing Medical Marijuana

Fevery, Andrew K 01 January 2012 (has links)
The legalization of medical marijuana has been a complicated and confusing process. The drug is used for medical purposes yet is only semi-legal and not approved by the federal government. This piece will observe the legal medical history of this drug in the United States. It will analyze the growth of the medical marijuana movement up to the present with a special emphasis to the importance of federal, state and local supremacy. It will observe important court cases that have been decisive in defining the reach of federal power under the Commerce Clause and the 1970 Controlled Substance Act. This analysis will look at the current legal standing of medical marijuana as well as the legal hurdles to achieve full legal status and medical recognition from state federal and local levels of government. A special focus will be given to the state of California because it has the largest medical marijuana market and has taken center stage in the movement to legalize marijuana as a medicine. This paper will also cover the growth of the state condoned medical marijuana black market and the complications that arise from taxing, and licensing semi-legal businesses. This paper will assess the monetary and personal costs of this movement and the political elements of resisting the medical development and scientific understanding of this drug. It will seek to suggest a solution to the current impasse and explain why medical marijuana in this instance has been bad medicine and dangerous policy.
22

Globalization and the effects of changes in functional income distribution on aggregate demand in Germany

Stockhammer, Engelbert, Hein, Eckhard, Grafl, Lucas January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Germany has experienced a period of extreme nominal and real wage moderation since the mid 1990s. Contrary to the expectations of liberal economists this has failed to improve Germany's mediocre economic performance. However, Germany is now running substantial current account surpluses. One possible explanation for Germany's disappointing performance is found in Kaleckian theory, which highlights that the domestic demand effect of a decline in the wage share will typically be contractionary, whereas net exports will increase (Blecker 1989). The size of the foreign demand effect will critically depend on the degree of openness of the economy. The paper aims at estimating the demand side of a Bhaduri-Marglin (1990) -type model empirically for Germany. The paper builds on the estimation strategy of Stockhammer, Onaran and Ederer (2007) and Hein and Vogel (2008a, 2008b). The main contribution lies in a careful analysis of the effects of globalization. Since Germany is a large open economy by now it is a particularly interesting case study. (author´s abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
23

Airfoil Boundary Layer Calculations Using Interactive Method And En Transition Prediction Technique

Mersinligil, Mehmet 01 September 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Boundary layer calculations are performed around an airfoil and its wake. Smith-van Ingen transition prediction method is employed to find the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. First, potential flow around the airfoil is solved with the Hess-Smith panel method. The resulting velocity distribution is input to the boundary layer equations in order to find a so called blowing velocity distribution. The output of the boundary layer equations are also used to compute the location of onset of transition using the Smith-van Ingen en transition prediction method. The obtained blowing velocity distribution is fed back to the panel method to find a velocity distribution which includes the effects of viscosity. The procedure described is repeated until convergence is observed. A computer program is developed using the theory. Results obtained are in good accord with measurements
24

Order Driven Flexible Shop Management

Bulut, Aykut 01 July 2011 (has links) (PDF)
The difficulties in responding to variation in product order mixes and load levels effectively in make to order are known. Most of the existing approaches consider releasing jobs to the shop (input control), changing capacity levels (output control) in a controlled way, order acceptance with different definitions of work load and due date assignment. Controlling the processes, routing options and the order accepting capacity with various tool combinations that will decrease tool loading are not considered properly. However the manufacturing flexibility provided by the computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines, provides both part variety and due date achievement given a reasonable extra capacity. Positive effects of flexibility on the due date achievement of the make to order is shown with a variety of experimental and field studies leaving little doubt. However taking flexibility only as a strategic issue and not considering it as a means of planning and management in either the short term or medium term decisions have been commonplace practice. In this study, benefits of providing three kinds of flexibility, considering order pool and acceptance probability of the new arrivals in a periodic setting, is the focal issue. If the required flexible environment is provided, the necessity to make a detailed job loading, route planning and scheduling will be reduced to a low level and a high shop congestion and due date achievement will be realized simultaneously. A typical realistic shop with a scaled part mix is assumed in the flexibility management modeling and simulation experiments are conducted applying periodical flexibility planning approach. These experiments briefly support the ideas that worth of anticipation is more than plain expectations and flexibility improves robustness.
25

Stopping the Gray Market: Federalism and California's Medical Marijuana Laws

Ranis, Ethan 13 May 2011 (has links)
No description available.
26

The influence of Nature and Nurture on speaker-specific parameters in twins speech

Weirich, Melanie 24 January 2012 (has links)
Die Dissertation thematisiert sprecherspezifische Variabilität bei ein- und zweieiigen Zwillingen hinsichtlich Artikulation, Akustik und Perzeption. Die zentrale Fragestellung ist, ob sprecherspezifische Charakteristika auf physiologisch-biologischen Differenzen der Sprecher beruhen (BIOLOGIE), oder sich auf gelernte, umweltabhängige Unterschiede zurückführen lassen (UMWELT). Artikulatorische und akustische Daten wurden von 4 eineiigen Zwillingspaaren (EZ, 100% genetische Übereinstimmung) und 3 zweieiigen Zwillingspaaren (ZZ, 50% genetische Übereinstimmung) analysiert. Zusätzlich wurde ein Perzeptionstest zur auditiven Ähnlichkeit der Zwillinge durchgeführt. Auf einen großen Einfluss des Faktors BIOLOGIE lässt sich schließen, wenn sich EZ ähnlicher sind als ZZ. Sind sich aber ZZ genauso ähnlich wie EZ, zeigt sich die Wichtigkeit der gleichen Lernumgebung (UMWELT). Die Ergebnisse weisen auf einen großen Einfluss des Faktors UMWELT und stützen die Hypothese, dass sprachliche Ziele gelernt sind und sich am auditiven Feedback orientieren. Darüber hinaus wurden drei Faktoren gefunden, die den Einfluss der BIOLOGIE intensivieren: a) Lautklasse, b) Wortakzent und c) Koartikulation. Plosive und Sibilanten sind aufgrund des stärker ausgeprägten linguo-palatalen Kontaktes mehr durch die individuelle Physiologie beeinflusst als Vokale. Außerdem wurde ein größerer Effekt des Faktors BIOLOGIE in unbetonten als in betonten Silben gefunden. Zusätzlich stellten sich koartikulatorische Prozesse als wichtig heraus: dynamische Parameter – artikulatorische Gesten und akustische Transitionen – sind stärker durch die Physiologie beeinflusst als statische Parameter – artikulatorische Ziele und stabile akustische Regionen. Sowohl der Faktor BIOLOGIE als auch der Faktor UMWELT sind einflussreiche Größen hinsichtlich sprecherspezifischer Variabilität. Welcher der beiden Faktoren die übergeordnete Rolle übernimmt, hängt von den spezifischen Charakteristika des untersuchten Parameters ab. / This dissertation examines inter-speaker variability in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs in regard to articulation, acoustics and perception. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether speaker-specific variability reflects physiological differences between speakers (NATURE) or bases on learned variation due to social environmental influences (NURTURE). Articulatory and acoustic data was analyzed from 4 MZ twin pairs (100% identical genes) and 3 DZ twin pairs (50 % identical genes). Additionally, a perception experiment was carried out to explore the perceived auditory similarity. The effect of NATURE should have a larger impact than the effect of NURTURE, if a parameter differs more in DZ than in MZ twin pairs. If MZ and DZ twins show the same amount of inter-speaker variability, NURTURE seems to be crucial. Results point to the importance of NURTURE and shared social environment. Nevertheless, three factors were found that intensify the effect of NATURE: a) phoneme class, b) lexical stress, and c) degree of coarticulation. Somatosensory feedback plays a larger role for consonants than for vowels, and thus individual physiology was found to shape articulation more in sibilants and stops than in vowels. Additionally, a stronger impact of NATURE was found in parameters that are auditorily less salient: unstressed syllables were more similar in MZ than in DZ twins, while for stressed syllables this was not the case. Moreover, coarticulation turned out to be essential: dynamic parameters – articulatory gestures and acoustic transitions – were more influenced by physiological constraints (NATURE) than static parameters – articulatory targets and stable acoustic regions. Thus, both NATURE and NURTURE are crucial influencing factors in speaker-specific variability. However, the relative importance of the two factors is highly dependent on the specific characteristics of the investigated parameter.
27

Patents and patent races. Do we need them? How should we behave?

Stefan, Cristian 18 November 2016 (has links)
Diese Dissertation analysiert eine Vielzahl von Aspekten, die sich auf Patente und Patentrennen beziehen. Im einleitenden Kapitel wird die betriebs- und volkswirtschaftliche sowie die gesellschaftliche und ethische Bedeutung von Patenten hervorgehoben. Es werden sowohl Stärken als auch Nachteile von Patenten vorgestellt. Kapitel 2 beschreibt Instrumente, die von Entscheidungsträgern benutzt werden können, um Patentschutz zu regulieren: Patentbreite, -höhe und -länge. Das Kapitel zeigt weiterhin, warum ein optimales Regulierungsniveau nicht erreicht werden kann. Kapitel 3 behandelt den dramatischen Anstieg von Patenttätigkeiten in Europa als auch weltweit. Erklärende Faktoren für dieses Phänomen sowie Effekte und mögliche Lösungen werden diskutiert. Im vierten Kapitel wird gezeigt, dass Patente zu einem großen Gewinnzuwachs in der Pharmaindustrie beigetragen haben, während die Innovationsfähigkeit dieser Industrie gesunken ist. Patentrennen für Pharmaka und die Entwicklung von Generika werden auch in diesem Kapitel analysiert. Kapitel 5 gibt einen umfangreichen Überblick der Literatur zum Patentrennen und zeigt, dass diese Literatur extrem komplex, widersprüchlich, instabil bei experimenteller Überprüfung und allgemein uneindeutig ist. Kapitel 6 stellt eine experimentelle Studie eines Patentrennens vor. Es beginnt mit einem intuitiven Modell eines Segelwettbewerbs; danach wird ein spieltheoretisches Modell eines asymmetrischen F&E-Wettbewerbs zwischen zwei Firmen entwickelt; später werden Gleichgewichtsvoraussagen formuliert und mit den Handlungen realer Entscheidungsträger in einem experimentellen Labor verglichen. Eine ökonometrische Untersuchung zeigt ein hohes Maß an Übereinstimmung zwischen den theoretischen Vorhersagen und den experimentellen Ergebnissen. Das letzte Kapitel fasst die Schlussfolgerungen der Dissertationen zusammen und bietet Empfehlungen. / This dissertation analyzes a plethora of aspects related to patents and patent races. In the introductory chapter the importance of patents to business, economics, society and ethics is emphasized. On one side, the traditional argument in favor of patent protection as well as further strengths of patents are presented, while on the other side situations in which patents bring significant drawbacks and disadvantages are identified. Chapter 2 describes the instruments that can be used by policymakers to regulate patent protection: patent breadth, height and length. The chapter further shows why an optimal level of regulation cannot be achieved. Chapter 3 deals with the dramatic increase in patenting activities in Europe and around the world. Determinants of this phenomenon as well as its effects and potential solutions are provided. In the fourth chapter patents are shown to have contributed to a large rise of profits in the pharmaceutical industry, while the industry’s innovativeness seems to have declined. Patent races for pharmaceuticals and the evolution of generic medicine are also analyzed in this chapter. Chapter 5 gives an extensive overview of the patent race literature and shows that this literature is extremely complex, filled with contradictions, not robust to experimental testing and overall inconclusive. Chapter 6 sets out an experimental study of a patent race. It starts from an intuitive model of a sailing race, develops a game-theoretic model of an asymmetric R&D competition between two firms who want to attain a patent, formulates equilibrium predictions and compares them with the actions of real decision makers in an experimental laboratory. An econometric analysis proves a high degree of consistency between theoretical predictions and experimental results. The last chapter wraps up the main conclusions of the dissertation and proposes some recommendations.
28

Faktoren für eine erfolgreiche Steuerung von Patentaktivitäten

Günther, Thomas, Moses, Heike 12 September 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Empirischen Studien zufolge können Patente sich positiv auf den Unternehmenserfolg auswirken. Allerdings wirkt dieser Effekt nicht automatisch, sondern Unternehmen müssen sich um den Aufbau und die gesteuerte Weiterentwicklung eines nachhaltigen und wertvollen Patentportfolios bemühen. Bisher ist jedoch nicht wissenschaftlich untersucht worden, welche Maßnahmen Unternehmen ergreifen können, um die unternehmensinternen Vorraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Steuerung von Patentaktivitäten zu schaffen. Um diese betrieblichen Faktoren zu identifizieren und deren Relevanz zu quantifizieren, wurden 2005 in einer breiten empirischen Untersuchung die aktiven Patentanmelder im deutschsprachigen Raum (über 1.000 Unternehmen) mit Hilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens befragt. Auf der Basis von 325 auswertbaren Fragebögen (Ausschöpfungsquote 36,8 %) konnten zum einen Ergebnisse zum aktuellen Aufgabenspektrum der Patentabteilungen sowie zu deren organisatorischen und personellen Strukturen gewonnen werden. Ebenfalls wurde in dieser Status quo-Analyse der Bekanntheits- und Implementierungsgrad von Methoden und Systemen (z. B. Patentbewertungsmethoden, Patent-IT-Systeme) beleuchtet. Zum anderen wurden die betrieblichen Faktoren herausgestellt, auf die technologieorientierte Unternehmen achten sollten, um das Fundament für eine erfolgreiche Patentsteuerung zu legen. / Empirical studies have shown that patents can have a positive effect on corporate success. However, this effect does not occur by itself. Companies have to make an effort to create and to develop a sustainable patent portfolio. So far, no academic studies have investigated into which actions a company can take to establish the internal conditions for successful patent management. To identify and to quantify the relevance of these internal factors, a study was conducted using a standardized written questionnaire with more than 1,000 patent-oriented companies in the German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein). In total, 325 valid questionnaires were included in the analyses; this corresponds to an above-average response rate of 36.8 %. These analyses revealed insights into the current task profile of patent departments and their organizational and personnel structures. This status quo analysis also included the investigation into the awareness and implementation level of used methods and systems (e. g. patent evaluation methods, patent IT systems). Furthermore, the study could expose the internal determinants, which technology-oriented companies should focus on to ensure a successful patent management.
29

Désacralisation du second Temple de Jérusalem et abolition du culte judaïque par Antiochus Épiphane en 168-67 av. J.-C. : conséquences et réactions : une lecture de Flavius Josèphe

Plamondon, Jocelyn 23 April 2018 (has links)
Ce mémoire porte sur les conséquences et les réactions juives à la désacralisation du second Temple de Jérusalem et de l’abolition du culte judaïque ordonnées par Antiochos Épiphane en 168 167 av. J.-C. À partir des œuvres de Flavius Josèphe, la recherche analyse les événements de la désacralisation du sanctuaire juif et les effets que cela eut sur l’économie du sanctuaire, sur les aspects religieux et sur l’activité sociale de la population juive. Elle examine également les différentes réactions juives et les répercussions religieuses, individuelles et identitaires à la suite de l’interdiction de pratique du judaïsme. L'ensemble de cette recherche, au cours duquel les réactions et conséquences sont analysés, se veut une étude originale et novatrice des événements de la désacralisation du Temple de Jérusalem et de l’abolition de la religion juive.
30

Egyptian Christianity : an historical examination of the belief systems prevalent in Alexandria c.100 B.C.E. - 400 C.E. and their role in the shaping of early Christianity

Fogarty, Margaret Elizabeth 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis sets out to examine, as far as possible within the constraints of a limited study, the nature of the Christianity professed in the first centuries of the Common Era, by means of an historical examination of Egyptian Christianity. The thesis contends that the believers in Christ's teachings, in the first century, were predominantly Jewish, that "Christianity" did not exist as a developed separate religion until its first formal systematizations commenced in the second century, through the prolific writings of the Alexandrians, Clement and Origen. It is noted that the name "Christianity" itself was coined for the first time in the second century by Ignatius of Antioch; and that until the fourth century it is more accurate to speak of many Christianities in view of regional-cultural and interpretative differences where the religion took root. The study examines the main religions of the world in which the new religion began to establish itself, and against which it had to contend for its very survival. Many elements of these religions influenced the rituals and formulation of the new religion and are traced through ancient Egyptian religion, the Isis and Serapis cults, Judaism, Gnosticism and Hermeticism. Alexandria, as the intellectual matrix of the Graeco-Roman world, was the key centre in which the new religion was formally developed. The thesis argues, therefore, that despite the obscurity of earliest Christianity in view of the dearth of extant sources, the emergent religion was significantly Egyptian in formulation, legacy and influence in the world of Late Antiquity. It is argued, in conclusion, that the politics of the West in making Christianity the official religion of the empire, thus centring it henceforth in Rome, effectively effaced the Egyptian roots. In line with current major research into the earliest centuries of Christianity, the thesis contends that while Jerusalem was the spring of the new religion Alexandria, and Egypt as a whole, formed a vital tributary of the river of Christianity which was to flow through the whole world. It is argued that without the Egyptian branch, Christianity would have been a different phenomenon to what it later became. The legacy of Egyptian Christianity is not only of singular importance in the development of Christianity but, attracting as it does the continued interest of current researchers in the historical, papyrological and archaeological fields, it holds also considerable significance for the study of the history of religions in general, and Christianity in particular. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die proefskrif poog om, insover moontlik binne beperkte skopus, die aard van die vroeë Christendom gedurende die eerste eeue V.C. te ondersoek, deur middel van 'n historiese ondersoek van die Egiptiese Christendom. Die tesis voer aan dat die vroegste Christelike gelowiges in die eerste eeu N.C. grootendeels Joods was, en dat die Christendom as afsonderlike godsdiens nie ontstaan het nie voor die formele sistematiseringe wat deur die Aleksandryne Clemens en Origines aangebring is nie. Selfs die term Christendom is vir die eerste keer in die tweede eeu n.C. deur Ignatius van Antiochië versin; daar word verder opgemerk dat voor die vierde eeu dit meer akkuraat is om van veelvuldige Christelike groepe te praat. Die studie ondersoek die vernaamste godsdienste van die milieu waarin die nuwe godsdiens wortel geskied het, en waarteen dit om sy oorlewing moes stry. Baie invloede van die godsdienste is uitgeoefen op die rites en die daarstelling van die nuwe godsdiens, en kan herlei word na die antieke Egiptiese godsdiens, die kultusse van Isis en Serapis, Judaïsme, Gnostisisme en Hermetisme. Aleksandrië, die intellektuele matriks van die Grieks-Romeinse wêreld, was die hoof-sentrum waarin die nuwe godsdiens formeelontwikkel het. Die tesis toon daarom aan dat ten spyte van die onbekendheid van die vroegste Christendom, wat te wyte is aan die tekort aan bronne, die opkomende godsdiens in die Laat Antieke wêreld opvallend Egipties van aard was in formulering, invloed en erfenis. Ten slotte word daar aangevoer dat die politiek van die Weste wat die Christendom as amptelike godsdiens van die ryk gemaak het, en wat dit vervolgens dus in Rome laat konsentreer het, die Egiptiese oorspronge van die godsdiens feitlik uitgewis het. In samehang met kontemporêre belangrike navorsing op die gebied van die Christendom se vroegste eeue, argumenteer die tesis dat terwyl Jerusalem wel die bron van die nuwe godsdiens was, Aleksandrië, en Egipte as geheel, 'n deurslaggewende sytak was van die rivier van die Christendom wat uiteindelik deur die ganse wêreld sou vloei. Daar word aangetoon dat sonder die Egiptiese tak, die Christendom 'n heel ander verskynsel sou gewees het in vergelyking met sy latere formaat. Die erfenis van die Egiptiese Christendom is nie alleen van die grootste belang vir die ontwikkeling van die Christendom nie, maar 'n nalatenskap wat die voortgesette aandag van navorsers op historiese, papirologiese en argeologiese gebiede vra, en is daarom van groot belang vir die studie van die geskiedenis van godsdienste in die algemeen, en die Christendom in die besonder.

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