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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Patterning the Mud Snail Ilyanassa obsoleta: The Role of Cell Signaling and Asymmetric Protein Localization

Gharbiah, Maey Monir January 2009 (has links)
The polar lobe of Ilyanassa is asymmetrically partitioned into the D lineage of cells. Two of these cells, 3D and 4d, induce proper axial cell fate patterning in the embryo. Based on known embryological data in Ilyanassa, I hypothesized that Notch signaling would be required for this induction. I found that Notch signaling is required for cell fates induced by 4d and is temporally required well after 4d induction. Based on these results, I hypothesize that Notch signaling is involved in a reciprocal induction between the micromeres and the macromeres (endoderm) resulting in the maintenance of micromere fate induction and endoderm specification.Loss of the polar lobe results in the loss of cell fate induction by 3D/4d. Therefore, I hypothesized that proteins are asymmetrically bequeathed to the inducing D lineage cells by the polar lobe. To test this hypothesis, I compared global protein differences between two cell stage intact embryos, lobeless embryos, and isolated polar lobes by 2-Dimensional Electrophoresis analysis. I found several (12) quantitative differences between these samples including four spots enriched in the polar lobe isolates. I identified voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC) as one of the candidate proteins enriched in polar lobe isolates. I propose that VDAC is asymmetrically distributed by the polar lobe to the D cell and that it may function in D cell induction and mesendoderm fate specification.Lastly, I identify an acetylated tubulin antigen as a marker for cilia. I describe the pattern of cilia differentiation in the developing larvae that results in the formation of two ciliary bands, the prototroch and the metatroch, required for locomotion and feeding. These ciliary bands are conserved among annelid and mollusc larvae. Interestingly, the metatroch is derived from third quartet derivatives in the annelid Polygordius and from second quartet derivatives in the mollusc Crepidula. I provide evidence that the metatroch is derived from the first quartet derivatives in the mollusc Ilyanassa. Thus while the larval metatroch is conserved, its clonal origin is not. Based on these results, I provide support for the hypothesis that the metatroch is not homologous between annelids and molluscs or even among molluscs.
2

Įvairialyčių AIIIBV darinių tyrimas mikrobangose / Investigation of AIIIBIV heterostructures under the action of microwave radiation

Kozič, Antoni 07 October 2008 (has links)
Disertacijoje nagrinėjama, kaip padidinti susiaurintų spinduliuotės jutiklių jautrį. Taip pat disertacijoje siekiama ištirti mikrobangų spinduliuotės poveikį susiaurintiems puslaidininkiniams dariniams ir atskleisti stebimų efektų fizinę prigimtį bei nustatyti bandinių struktūros įtaką detektuojamo signalo dydžiui. Darbe sprendžiami tokie pagrindiniai uždaviniai: tiriamos įvairialyčių susiaurintų puslaidininkinių darinių savybės, priklausančios nuo darinių sluoksnių kokybės ir puslaidininkinių medžiagų parametrų bei analizuojamos savybės, priklausančios nuo stipriai legiruoto puslaidininkinio sluoksnio laidumo, nuo skiriamojo sluoksnio storio ir nuo sklendės pobūdžio metalizacijos. Siekiant užsibrėžto tikslo, buvo gaminami ir tiriami susiaurinti skirtingi įvairialyčiai dariniai (AlGaAs/GaAs, AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs) ir n-GaAs dariniai. Disertaciją sudaro penki skyriai, kurių paskutinis – rezultatų apibendrinimas. Pirmajame (įvadiniame) skyriuje nagrinėjamas problemos aktualumas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašomas mokslinis darbo naujumas, pristatomi autoriaus pranešimai, disertacijos struktūra. Antrasis skyrius skirtas literatūros apžvalgai. Jame apžvelgiami elektromagnetinės spinduliuotės detektavimo principai, aptariamos šiluminės ir bigradientinės elektrovaros susidarymo priežastys, AlGaAs/GaAs įvairialytė sandūra, selektyvusis legiravimas bei puslaidininkinių prietaisų fizikinės galimybės. Trečiajame skyriuje pateikta eksperimento tyrimo metodika. Išsamiai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The thesis presents the investigation on how to increase the sensitivity of the narrowed sensors of radiation. Also the thesis also deals with the attempts to analyze the influence of the microwave radiation on to the narrowed semiconductor formations and to reveal the physical nature of the observed effects as well as to determine the influence of structure of the samples on the detected signal magnitude. The work solves the following major tasks: the characteristics of the narrowed semiconductor heterostructures depending on the quality of the modulation layers and on the parameters of the semiconductor materials as well as the characteristics, depending on the selectively doped structure, on the conductivity of the highly doped semiconductor layer, and on the thickness of the separating layer, and the type of metallization of the gate. In order to achieve the goal there were produced and investigated narrowed different heterostructures (AlGaAs/GaAs, AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs) and n-GaAs structures. The thesis consists of four chapters, the final one is the generalization of the results. The first chapter (introductory) deals with the actuality of the problem, the aim and the tasks are stated, the novelty of the scientific research is described, the reports of the author are presented together with the publications, and the structure of the thesis. The second chapter is assigned to the review of the literature. It presents the principals of electromagnetic radiation detection... [to full text]
3

Investigation of AIIIBV heterostructures under the action of microwave radiation / Įvairialyčių AIIIBV darinių tyrimas mikrobangose

Kozič, Antoni 23 July 2008 (has links)
The thesis presents the investigation on how to increase the sensitivity of the narrowed sensors of radiation. Also the thesis also deals with the attempts to analyze the influence of the microwave radiation on to the narrowed semiconductor formations and to reveal the physical nature of the observed effects as well as to determine the influence of structure of the samples on the detected signal magnitude. The work solves the following major tasks: the characteristics of the narrowed semiconductor heterostructures depending on the quality of the modulation layers and on the parameters of the semiconductor materials as well as the characteristics, depending on the selectively doped structure, on the conductivity of the highly doped semiconductor layer, and on the thickness of the separating layer, and the type of metallization of the gate. In order to achieve the goal there were produced and investigated narrowed different heterostructures (AlGaAs/GaAs, AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs) and n-GaAs structures. The thesis consists of four chapters, the final one is the generalization of the results. The first chapter (introductory) deals with the actuality of the problem, the aim and the tasks are stated, the novelty of the scientific research is described, the reports of the author are presented together with the publications, and the structure of the thesis. The second chapter is assigned to the review of the literature. It presents the principals of electromagnetic radiation detection... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjama, kaip padidinti susiaurintų spinduliuotės jutiklių jautrį. Taip pat disertacijoje siekiama ištirti mikrobangų spinduliuotės poveikį susiaurintiems puslaidininkiniams dariniams ir atskleisti stebimų efektų fizinę prigimtį bei nustatyti bandinių struktūros įtaką detektuojamo signalo dydžiui. Darbe sprendžiami tokie pagrindiniai uždaviniai: tiriamos įvairialyčių susiaurintų puslaidininkinių darinių savybės, priklausančios nuo darinių sluoksnių kokybės ir puslaidininkinių medžiagų parametrų bei analizuojamos savybės, priklausančios nuo stipriai legiruoto puslaidininkinio sluoksnio laidumo, nuo skiriamojo sluoksnio storio ir nuo sklendės pobūdžio metalizacijos. Siekiant užsibrėžto tikslo, buvo gaminami ir tiriami susiaurinti skirtingi įvairialyčiai dariniai (AlGaAs/GaAs, AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs) ir n-GaAs dariniai. Disertaciją sudaro penki skyriai, kurių paskutinis – rezultatų apibendrinimas. Pirmajame (įvadiniame) skyriuje nagrinėjamas problemos aktualumas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašomas mokslinis darbo naujumas, pristatomi autoriaus pranešimai, disertacijos struktūra. Antrasis skyrius skirtas literatūros apžvalgai. Jame apžvelgiami elektromagnetinės spinduliuotės detektavimo principai, aptariamos šiluminės ir bigradientinės elektrovaros susidarymo priežastys, AlGaAs/GaAs įvairialytė sandūra, selektyvusis legiravimas bei puslaidininkinių prietaisų fizikinės galimybės. Trečiajame skyriuje pateikta eksperimento tyrimo metodika. Išsamiai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
4

Proteómica de expresión diferencial en Acinetobacter baumanii resistente a colistina

Rodríguez Falcón, Manuel 07 October 2010 (has links)
Normally present in water, soil and waste water, Acinetobacter baumannii has become an important nosocomial pathogen, as causal agent of pneumonias, septicemias and urinary tract infections, among other complications in compromised patients from hospital’s intensive care units. One of its last acquired abilities is the resistance to colistin (polymixin E), the last therapeutic option for its infections. In this thesis, descriptive and quantitative differential expression proteomics is used in the study of acquired colistin resistance. As result of this research, 1,097 proteins belonging to the Acinetobacter genus have been identified by combined application of bidimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE), and peptide labeling with stable isobaric isotopes tags (iTRAQ). Analyses have been performed on the global expressed proteome of a reference, colistin-sensible strain (A. baumannii ATCC 19606) and, for comparative purposes, on a derived strain on which colistin resistance has been induced in vitro. The resistant phenotype shows reduced fitness, with significant differences in expression found in outer membrane proteins, membrane active transporters, diverse metabolic enzymes (fatty acids, citrate, phenylacetate, piruvate and nitrogen), proteins involved in stress response and biofilm formation, as well as in protein synthesis and folding pathways. The work has allowed to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the different techniques currently used in this type of proteomic analysis. / Acinetobacter baumannii, normalmente aislado en suelos y aguas (corrientes o residuales), se ha convertido en importante patógeno nosocomial, siendo agente causal de, entre otras complicaciones, neumonías, septicemias e infecciones del tracto urinario de pacientes comprometidos en unidades hospitalarias de cuidados intensivos. La más reciente de sus capacidades adquiridas es la resistencia a colistina (polimixina E), antibiótico peptídico considerado la última opción terapéutica en contextos clínicos. Esta tesis doctoral emplea la proteómica descriptiva y de expresión diferencial cuantitativa para investigar la resistencia adquirida por A. baumannii a dicho antibiótico. Los resultados han supuesto la identificación de 1.097 proteínas de Acinetobacter mediante el empleo combinado de electroforesis bidimensional convencional (2DE), 2DE diferencial (DIGE) y marcaje peptídico mediante isótopos isobáricos estables (iTRAQ). Los análisis se han realizado en el proteoma expresado por una cepa de referencia sensible a colistina (A. baumannii ATCC 19606), así como en una cepa derivada de ésta en la que se ha inducido, a efectos comparativos, resistencia a colistina in vitro. El fenotipo resistente manifestó reducida adaptabilidad biológica, encontrándose las principales diferencias en la estructura de la membrana externa, en la expresión de transportadores activos de membrana, en diversos enzimas metabólicos (ácidos grasos, citrato, fenilacetato, piruvato, nitrógeno) y de respuesta a condiciones de estrés, así como en la expresión de proteínas participantes en la formación de biopelículas y en el proceso de síntesis y plegamiento de proteínas. Además, el trabajo ha permitido evaluar los puntos fuertes y débiles de las técnicas empleadas actualmente en este tipo de análisis proteómicos.
5

Proteomics of the ovine cataract

Muir, Matthew Stewart January 2008 (has links)
The lens of the eye needs to be completely transparent in order to allow all light entering the eye to reach the retina. This transparency is maintained by the highly ordered structure of the lens proteins the crystallins. Any disruption to the lens proteins can cause an opacity to develop which is known as cataract. During cortical cataract formation there is increased truncation of the lens crystallins. It is believed that overactivation of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, the calpains, is responsible for the increased proteolysis of the crystallins seen during cataractogenesis. Within the ovine lens there are three calpains, calpain 1, 2 and the lens specific calpain Lp82. The aim of this thesis was to determine the changes in the lens proteins during ageing and cataractogenesis, and to establish the role of the calpains in these processes. Calpain 1 and 2 were purified from ovine lung and Lp82 was purified from lamb lenses using chromatography. Activity and presence of the calpains was determined by using the BODIPY-FL casein assay, gel electrophoresis, Western blot and casein zymography. Changes in the lens proteins, specifically the crystallins, were visualised using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). Lenses from fetal, 6 month old and 8 year old sheep were collected, as well as stage 0, 1, 3 and 6 cataractous ovine lenses. The proteins from the lenses were separated into the water soluble and urea soluble fractions and analysed by 2DE. Mass spectrometry was used to determine the masses and therefore modifications of the crystallins. Finally, the individual crystallins were separated using gel filtration chromatography and incubated with the purified calpains in the presence of calcium. The extent of the proteolysis was visualised using 2DE and truncation sites determined by mass spectrometry. Purification of the calpains resulted in samples that were specific for each calpain and could be used in further experiments. 2DE analysis showed that there were changes to the crystallins during maturation of the lens. The α-crystallins become increasingly phosphorylated as the lens ages and a small amount becomes truncated. The β-crystallins were also modified during ageing by truncation and deamidation. When crystallins from cataractous lenses were compared using 2DE there were changes to both the α- and β-crystallins. The α-crystallins were found to be extensively truncated at their C-terminal tail. Four of the seven β-crystallins, βB1, βB3, βB2 and βA3, showed increased truncation of their N-terminal extensions during cataract formation. All three calpains truncated αA and αB-crystallin at their C-terminal ends after incubation. Calpain 2 and Lp82 each produced unique αA-crystallin truncations. All three calpains truncated βB1 and βA3 and calpain 2 also truncated βB3. When the truncations from the calpain incubations were compared to those seen during cataract formation, many of the truncations were found to be similar. Both the unique truncations from calpain 2 and Lp82 were found in cataractous lenses, with the Lp82 more obvious in the 2DE. The β-crystallin truncations found after incubation with the calpains were similar to those found during cataractogenesis. In conclusion this study documents the changes to the ovine lens during maturation and cataractogenesis and indicates a role for the calpain family in the increased proteolysis observed in the ovine cataract.

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