The beginning of the occupation of the Czech Lands was closely linked to a variety of political, economic, and social problems. It was necessary to gain control over all respective administrative structures in order to ensure the smooth function of the state. In the first phases of the occupation, the temporary military administration was established and the basis for the future development of occupational structures was thus laid. An autonomous administration continued to work alongside the two-levelled German administration. Although the German administration was to take care of German citizens' affairs and to watch over the Protectorate authorities, the autonomous one soon began to succumb under the German influence. After some time, it became obvious that the German administration was overgrown and inefficient; that a reform had to be made. A man behind the reform was Reinhard Heydrich, sent to the Protectorate with a special mission to restore order. The number of occupational authorities was supposed to be diminished together with the number of staff, the redundant employees to be commanded to the frontline. This situation was made easier by the fact that the autonomous bodies had already been infiltrated by German officials; therefore there were not many difficulties while taking over them....

The topic of my graduation final thesis is "Pupils self-evaluation during the children transfer from 1. to 2. level of a primary school (and teachers help with determining self-evaluation criteria). The thesis is composed as theoretical - empirical work. The mail goal of the theoretical part of my final thesis is to define main terms of pupils self-evaluation during the evaluating criteria formation and teachers help with determining self-evaluation criteria using didactical and psychological literature. The main goal of the empirical part of my final thesis is to map the occurrence of self- evaluation of pupils during their transfer from 1. to 2. level of the primary school. The empirical study was carried out during two years. It was focused on 5th grade pupils and subsequently their situation one year after- in 6th grade. The basic method was observation of educational process and the observation was completed by dialogues with teachers, pupils and the school director. The result is, that the self-evaluation at the first level of primary school is strongly taken into account and is used during almost all pupils activities. The situation on the second level of the primary school is different, the self-evaluation is only used by several teachers and there is no continuity between these two levels...

Thesis deals with the theme of ballroom dancing in Prague bourgeoisie society in the 2nd half of the 19th century. The theme is situated in social and historical context and contemporary political situation. The second part is dedicated to prague associations, Sokol of Prague and sokol festivities. That part of the text proceeds from analysis of the articles and contributions of the journal Sokol (from years 1871-1895). The following chapter about ballroom dancing tries to focus on the types of free time activities which are connected with dancing in the milieu of Prague Czech-speaking society in the 2nd half of the 19th century. It also characterises favourite ballroom dances at that time in the context of social and cultural life. One of the last chapters is dedicated to the relationship of a significant public figure of that time, Jan Neruda, with ballroom dancing. These passages are based on selected examples of Neruda's texts, adopted mostly from Národní Listy. The main intention of the extracts is to complete the picture of ballroom dancing with personal reflection of Neruda as a great dancer, expert on literature and artist. Key words: 2nd half of the 19th century, Prague, czech society, ballroom dancing, associations, national festivities, thematic carnival ("šibřinky").

Nos últimos anos a presença da informática auxiliando os projetos de estruturas de edifícios em concreto armado com múltiplos pavimentos tem atingido grandes proporções. Particularmente em relação à análise das respostas da estrutura frente a solicitações impostas, essa presença possibilita a consideração de modelos estruturais teóricos muito consistentes. Por outro lado, tradicionalmente existem modelos chamados de simplificados que também retratam as respostas da estrutura, porém normalmente com menor grau de aproximação em relação ao comportamento real. Nesse sentido, são apresentadas modelagens de estruturas convencionais de edifícios compreendidas pelos dois aspectos citados, sendo analisados esforços solicitantes e deslocamentos em vigas e pilares frente a ações verticais e horizontais (análise elástico-linear). Notadamente, há uma grande preocupação com o estudo da evolução dos esforços solicitantes nesses elementos ao longo da altura do edifício. Também são abordados os esforços de 2ª ordem global, que aparecem quando atuam simultaneamente as ações verticais e horizontais. Com o intuito de exemplificar e comparar resultados, diferentes modelos estruturais são utilizados na análise do projeto de um edifício em concreto armado com múltiplos pavimentos, construído na cidade de São Carlos-SP, devendo-se destacar a modelagem tridimensional. / In the last years the computation presence auxiliaring the designs of reinforced concrete structures of multistorey buildings has reached great proportions. Particularly concerning the analysis of structural answers due to imputed solicitations, this presence makes possible the consideration of theoretical structural models very consistents. In the other side, traditionally there are models called simplifieds that also describe the structural answers, however normally with less approximation degree concerning the real behavior. In this way, modellings of conventional building structures comprehended by the two cited aspects are presented, being analysed efforts and displacements in beams and columns due to vertical and horizontal loads (elastic-linear analysis). Notably, there is a great preoccupation with the study of the efforts evolution in these elements along the building height. Also are discussed the global 2nd. arder efforts, that appear when the vertical and horizontal loads act simultaneously. In order to exemplify and to compare results, different structural models are utilized in the analysis of the design of a reinforced concrete multistorey building, constructed in São Carlos city, São Paulo state, having to detach the tridimensional modelling.

The thesis, on the background of biblical and historical origins, gathers some of the present theological views, formed in particular by the papal documents that commend on marriage. It emphasizes the essential elements of this sacrament, with regards to their comprehensibility to the present recipients. It also deals with the problematic situations arising after the disintegration of the sacramental bond, and mentions possible approaches to addressing the issue of birth control. It also reflects some of the critical views and compares them with the Church's current teaching, in order to indicate the desirable plurality of views containing the potential for future solutions to the conflicts that have arisen. Specific attention is paid to the integration of Catholic Christians living in illegitimate relationships into full communion with the Church and the resulting tasks of particular Catholic communities.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-24T12:28:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariane de Almeida Silva.pdf: 1085880 bytes, checksum: bae4fadc0ee60d2abaa3ab662306f514 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T12:28:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariane de Almeida Silva.pdf: 1085880 bytes, checksum: bae4fadc0ee60d2abaa3ab662306f514 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Pope Francis has been surprising the world since his arrival at the Vatican's most important balcony on March 13, 2013, when he was elected Supreme Pontiff of the Catholic Church. There, already in those brief minutes of his appearance, he draws attention by his gestures, by the way of his speaking, actig and mainly, by the way of being close to people. Still on that memorable day, Francis points to an way that, although not explicitly, becomes central in his ministry: Collegiality. This is noticeable at the moment when he calls himself bishop of Rome and calls the cardinals of brothers. Francis's words point to Collegiality. However, only a deeper inquiry is able to discover whether, in fact, Francis is a pope who lives the collegial spirit in his family and ministerial base. The present dissertation sought to know the theoretical and theological bases of Jorge Mario Bergoglio, the ecclesiological paths covered by him, regarding Collegiality. This work had, among other things, the intention of discovering if the experiences of Jorge Mario Bergoglio before the election contributed to the collegial tone present in the documents of Francis. For this, the research sought to show the roots of Collegiality present not only in the moment of the Second Vatican Council, but also the aspects of its reception in the different continents, particulary in Latin American soil, of which Bergoglio is a beloved son. It was too important to know the biographical-existential roots of the future archbishop of Buenos Aires. Recognizing such aspects of Bergoglio, it will be easier to discover who, in fact, is Francis and what his thoughts are for the Church and her mission / O papa Francisco vem surpreendendo o mundo desde sua chegada à sacada mais importante do Vaticano naquele 13 de março de 2013, quando fora eleito Sumo Pontífice da Igreja Católica. Ali, já naqueles breves minutos de sua aparição, chama a atenção seja pelos gestos, pela maneira de falar e agir e, principalmente, pela maneira de se fazer próximo às pessoas. Ainda naquele dia memorável, Francisco aponta para um eixo que, embora não explicitamente, passa a ser central em seu ministério: a Colegialidade. Isso é perceptível já no momento em que ele se denomina como bispo de Roma e chama os cardeais de irmãos. As palavras de Francisco apontam para a Colegialidade. Entretanto, somente uma averiguação mais profunda é capaz de descobrir se, de fato, Francisco é um papa que vive o espírito colegial desde sua base familiar e ministerial. A presente dissertação buscou conhecer as bases teóricas e teológicas de Jorge Mario Bergoglio, os caminhos eclesiológicos percorridos por ele, no que tange a Colegialidade. Esse trabalho teve, dentre outras coisas, o intuito de descobrir se as experiências de Jorge Mario Bergoglio anteriores à eleição contribuíram para a tônica colegial presente nos documentos de Francisco. Para tanto a pesquisa procurou mostrar as raízes da Colegialidade presentes não só no momento do Concílio Vaticano II, como os aspectos de sua recepção nos diferentes continentes, particularmente em solo latino-americano, do qual Bergoglio é um dileto filho. Demasiado importante se mostrou o conhecimento das raízes biográfico-existenciais do futuro arcebispo de Buenos Aires. Reconhecendo tais aspectos de Bergoglio, com mais facilidade se descobrirá quem, de fato é Francisco e quais são seus pensamentos para a Igreja e sua missão

The diploma thesis deals with the educational influence of the subject of creative drama on psychosocial development of pupils with special learning difficulties (SLD) on 1st grade of Waldorf school. The work is focused mainly on the development of communication skills, respecting the boundaries, instructions and cooperation in the classroom using methods and techniques of drama education with pupils with SLD in 2nd half of 2nd grade and 1st half of 3rd class. The theoretical part defines the four basic parts of this diploma thesis psychosocial development of children of younger school age, special learning difficulties (SLD), accompanying phenomena and their influence on the psychosocial development of the child, characteristics of Waldorf school, methods and techniques of drama education. The practical part deals with the development of communication, cooperation, observance of rules, understanding of the topic and the ability of its interpretation of individuals and the whole group in the lessons of creative drama. In the lessons, we experienced key themes of the Waldorf School. The whole process is recorded and evaluated using record sheets from each lesson.

This master's thesis is to verify the use of methods and techniques of dramatic education in primary subject in the 2nd and 3rd year of elementary school and to find out the possibilities that the dramatic education brings. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with topics related to the methods and techniques of drama education. In the practical part are described and compared classics hours of primary subject and hours primary subject with using elements of dramatic education. The methods of research are non-direct observation and questionnaire investigations.

O programa nuclear brasileiro, materializado pelo do Acordo com a Alemanha, é o objeto do presente trabalho. O programa foi um dos grandes projetos do governo Geisel (1974-79), inserido em um conjunto mais amplo de investimentos que representava uma resposta à crise deflagrada pelo choque de petróleo de 1973 e que pretendia mudar a orientação do desenvolvimento brasileiro. Mostrando que o debate sobre a questão nuclear sempre esteve ligado à discussão sobre os caminhos para o desenvolvimento nacional, a pesquisa investiga o programa nuclear como parte integrante do II Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento (1975-1979), proposto pelo governo Geisel. Ao lado de outros grandes projetos energéticos e de setores básicos da indústria, o programa nuclear contribuiria para impulsionar o crescimento brasileiro, alçar o desenvolvimento nacional a novo patamar e reduzir de modo significativo a dependência externa. Na primeira parte o trabalho debruça-se sobre as motivações e a racionalidade do programa, depois de uma recapitulação dos seus antecedentes e das negociações que resultaram no Acordo. A ideia difusa que os vários atores acalentaram por mais de um quarto de século materializou-se como um programa que inicialmente gerou grande entusiasmo. Aprovado por unanimidade pelo Congresso em 1975, três anos depois o programa era objeto de uma Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito aberta no Senado. Para compreender por que e como atores específicos, centrais para o programa, abandonaram o entusiasmo e deixaram em curto intervalo de tempo de apoiá-lo, a segunda parte da pesquisa dedica-se à análise de três atores relevantes: os empresários, sobretudo os do setor de equipamentos pesados, que seriam beneficiados por um grande pacote de encomendas; os dois segmentos da burocracia estatal diretamente afeitos ao programa, os nucleocratas e o segmento mais tradicional do setor elétrico; e os cientistas, titulares históricos do tema, secundarizados pelo programa. / The Brazilian Nuclear Program, brought into being by the Brazil-Germany Nuclear Agreement, is the object of this study. The program was one of the great projects of the Geisel administration (1974-1979), within a wider set of investments that comprised a reply to the crisis triggered by the 1973 oil shock and aimed to change the direction of Brazilian development. Showing how the debate on the nuclear question was always closely linked to the discussion as to the paths of national development, the present work investigates the nuclear program as an integral part of the II Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento (2nd National Development Plan), proposed by the Geisel administration. Alongside other major energy projects and projects directed towards basic industrial sectors, the nuclear program contributed to boost Brazilian growth, to raise national development to a new level and significantly reduce dependence on external sources. In the first part of this work, we discuss the motivations and rationale of this program, after a review of its history and of the negotiations that resulted in the Agreement. The vague idea that various actors entertained for more than a quarter of a century took shape as a project within the new national development plan. This project initially generated widespread enthusiasm. In order to understand why and how specific actors, central to the program, became disenchanted and, in a short period of time, withdrew their support, the second part of this work is dedicated to the analysis of three relevant actors: the business sector linked to heavy equipment, who would have benefitted from a large amount of orders; the two segments of state bureaucracy more directly linked to the program (the nucleocrats) and the more traditional ones from the electricity sector; and finally, the scientists, historical leaders of the initiative, relegated to second place by the program. By recognizing that the nuclear program is linked to an uncommon industrial sector, characterized by high industrial and technological complexity, this work discusses the reasons for its failure and endeavours to acquire insights into the process of constructing public policies and the requirements for their efficacy.

Este trabalho de pesquisa qualitativa aplicada, calcada em uma análise primariamente exploratória e descritiva, relata a trajetória de um grupo de trabalho colaborativo que confeccionou materiais didáticos subsidiários ao livro didático de Ciências no Ensino Fundamental II (6º ao 9º anos). Os docentes que participaram do trabalho colaborativo pertenciam, à época da pesquisa, à rede municipal da prefeitura de Cubatão (SP). A pesquisa, inédita na área de Ciências na referida rede municipal, desenvolveu-se com um grupo inicial de oito docentes, dos quais apenas cinco mantiveram-se até o término do projeto de pesquisa. Levantamentos de cunho bibliográfico e documental foram utilizados para a confecção dos materiais pelo grupo de docentes, ao passo que levantamentos da realidade socioeconômica e ambiental foram realizados em nove unidades municipais de ensino do município. Questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas e entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram aplicados a docentes e alunos, em momentos diversos da pesquisa. Além disso, todo o processo de trabalho colaborativo foi extensamente documentado e analisado de forma sistemática, durante as reuniões ordinárias com o grupo de professores, de forma individual e coletiva. A pesquisa baseia-se em um tripé norteador, a saber, contexto socioeconômico e ambiental / produção colaborativa / material didático contextualizado. Partimos do princípio de que é possível realizar um trabalho colaborativo de produção de materiais didáticos subsidiários ao livro didático de Ciências, considerando-se a realidade das comunidades de entorno em que as diversas unidades municipais de ensino se inserem, para que haja melhores práticas relacionadas aos temas previamente selecionados, tais como gravidez na adolescência, drogas, higiene, saúde, saneamento básico etc. Desta forma, foi possível acompanhar não somente o processo de confecção colaborativa, como também aplicar alguns dos materiais produzidos em unidades de ensino na forma piloto. Os resultados mostraram que a despeito de inúmeras dificuldades enfrentadas no trabalho colaborativo e na aplicação dos materiais-piloto nas unidades escolares, é viável a mobilização de projetos deste cunho para propor alternativas didáticas que utilizem materiais contextualizados e produzidos pelos próprios docentes. / The current qualitative and applied research study, based upon a primarily descriptive and exploratory analysis, reports the process through which a group of collaborative work produced didactic materials that subsidize the Sciences school textbooks at the second cycle of the Primary School level (6th to 9th grades). Teachers who made part of the collaborative work group belonged to the public teaching board at the Cubatao municipality, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The research, which is new to the Sciences area in such municipality, started out with a group of eight teachers, but only five remained until the research was over. Not only bibliographical and documental surveys were carried out so that teachers could produce didactic materials, but also surveys on the social, economical and environmental conditions were applied at nine municipal schools. Questionnaires with open and closed questions, and structured interviews were handed out to both teachers and students, throughout various moments of the research program. Moreover, all of the collaborative work was extensively documented and systematically analyzed during ordinary meetings, by considering individuals and the group as a whole. The research work roots itself on a triple pointer, i.e., social, economical and environmental context / collaborative production / contextualized didactic material. We believe that it is possible to develop a collaborative work to produce didactic, subsidiary materials to be used in parallel with the Sciences school textbook, by taking into consideration the reality of the neighboring communities in which schools are located, so that better practices related to the previously chosen themes, such as pregnancy amongst teenager mothers, drugs, hygiene, health etc., could be applied. It was, thus, possible to check not only the collaborative production process itself, but also to apply some of the produced materials on a pilot-basis at municipal schools. Results have shown that, despite several difficulties that occurred during the collaborative work and the application of pilot materials at schools, it is still viable to carry on projects like the present one to propose didactic alternatives, which make use of contextualized materials produced by teachers themselves.