The outputs presented in part submission of a PhD by publication represent the body of my published work over the past ten years. They cover policy, practice and legislative developments during both the New Labour and Coalition Governments that have ultimately led to the demise of the Probation Service as a unified public sector organisation. Two main themes are evident in my writing. The first is a critique of how an ideological commitment to economic neo-liberalism and accompanying social conservatism has shaped contemporary probation policy and public sector provision more generally. The second significant strand has been an exploration of the impact of these developments on the occupational culture and working practices of probation work.

黃文傑. / "2002年8月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (leaves 81-88) / 附中英文提要. / "2002 nian 8 yue" / Huang Wenjie. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 81-88) / Fu Zhong Ying wen ti yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 《爾雅》的編者和成書年代 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《爾雅》的性質 --- p.6 / Chapter 第三節 --- 《爾雅注疏》 --- p.11 / Chapter 第四節 --- 本文硏究的目的和方法 --- p.17 / Chapter 第二章 --- 《爾雅注疏》所見的古籍徵引 --- p.20 / Chapter 第一節 --- 《爾雅注疏》的古籍徵引 --- p.20 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《爾雅注疏》的引《詩》硏究 --- p.28 / Chapter 第三章 --- 《爾雅注疏》的引《詩》與《毛傳》釋《詩》 --- p.36 / Chapter 第一節 --- 漢初《詩》傳 --- p.36 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《爾雅》與《毛傳》釋《詩》的異同比較 --- p.41 / Chapter 第四章 --- 《爾雅注疏》引《詩》與齊、魯、韓三家《詩》的關係 --- p.65 / Chapter 第一節 --- 《爾雅》與《魯詩》 --- p.67 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《爾雅》與《齊詩》及《韓詩》 --- p.72 / Chapter 第五章 --- 總結 --- p.78 / 參考書目 --- p.81 / 附錄凡例 --- p.89 / 附錄一：《爾雅注疏》引《詩》資料表 --- p.90 / 附錄二 ：《爾雅注疏》引《詩》與《毛傳》釋（詩》對照表 --- p.216

Diese Untersuchung beschäftigt sich in erster Linie mit der Frage, welche metaphorischen Muster in der öffentlichen Kommunikation deutscher Populisten zu finden sind. Hierfür wurden Pressetexte der Partei Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) auf der Basis der systematischen Metaphernanalyse nach Lakoff & Johnson untersucht. Den wissenschaftlichen Arbeitsrahmen hierfür bietet ein qualitativ-sozialwissenschaftliches Forschungsdesign. Die Analyse ergab 24 signifikante metaphorische Konzepte, die im Ergebnisteil der Arbeit dargestellt und anhand interpretativer Ansätze diskutiert werden. Außerdem wird anlässlich der abschließenden Diskussion erörtert, inwiefern das Wissen über metaphorischen Sprachgebrauch zur Verbesserung des politischen Dialogs beitragen kann.:Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung (6) 2 Forschungsfrage und Forschungsinteresse (8) 3 Definitorisches Vorverständnis von Populismus (9) 3.1. Merkmale von Populismus (9) 3.2. Populismus und (Rechts-)populismus (10) 3.3. Populismus - Ursachen für einen Trend (10) 3.4. (Rechts-)populismus und Rechtsextremismus (11) 3.5. (Rechts-)populismus im Web 2.0 (12) 3.6. Umgang mit Populismus (13) 4 Forschungsrelevante Studien (14) 4.1. Metaphern des Staates (14) 4.2. Metaphern der Migration und Fremdenfeindlichkeit (15) 4.3. Metaphern der US-Außenpolitik - Held, Unhold und Opfer (16) 4.4. Alltagsmetaphern im politischen Kontext (16) 5 (Sozial-)psychologische Vorüberlegungen (17) 5.1. Die Rolle der Metapher in der politischen Sprache (17) 5.2. Politisches Framing (18) 5.3. Konfliktforschung (19) 5.4. Soziale Kategorisierung und Stereotypisierung (20) 5.5. Die Sündenbocktheorie (21) 5.6. Gruppenprozesse und Identität (21) 6 Theoretischer Hintergrund der systematischen Metaphernanalyse (22) 6.1. Doppelte Verortung der systematischen Metaphernanalyse (22) 6.2. Allgemeines zu Metaphern (23) 6.3. Metaphorisches Konzept (23) 6.4. Metaphern generierende Schemata (24) 6.5. Metapher und kulturelle Kohärenz (25) 6.6. Hiding und Highlighting (25) 6.7. Kritische Auseinandersetzung (26) 7 Stichprobenbeschreibung und Forschungsdesign (26) 7.1. Forschungsdesign (26) 7.2. Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) - Gegenstand der Untersuchung (27) 7.3. Auswahl der Stichprobe (27) 8 Systematische Metaphernanalyse als Erhebungs- und Auswertungsmethode (28) 8.1. Identifizierung des Zielbereichs der Metaphernanalyse (29) 8.2. Unsystematische Sammlung von Hintergrundmetaphern (29) 8.3. Systematische Analyse einer Subgruppe (29) 8.4. Interpretationen der Ergebnisse (29) 8.5. Methoden-Triangulation (30) 8.6. Darstellung der Ergebnisse (30) 9 Darstellung der Ergebnisse (30) 9.1. Zur Darstellung der Ergebnisse (30) 9.2. Metaphern der Flut (31) 9.3. Metaphern von Chaos und Ordnung (33) 9.4. Metaphern der Kriminalität (35) 9.5. Metaphern der Klarheit (37) 9.6. Metaphern der Architektur (39) 9.7. Metaphern der Last (42) 9.8. Metaphern des Theaters (45) 9.9. Metaphern des Weges (48) 9.10. Metaphern des Behälters (51) 9.11. Metaphern der Krankheit (52) 9.12. Metaphern des Krieges (55) 9.13. Metaphern der Ökonomie (59) 9.14. Metaphern der Personifikation (63) 10.1. Gütekriterien (63) 10.2. Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse (65) 10.3. Einbettung in den Forschungskontext (67) 10.4. (Sozial-)psychologische Diskussion (69) 10.5. Grenzen dieser Analyse (71) 10.6. Bilanz und empirischer Ausblick (71) 11Literaturverzeichnis (74) 12 Abkürzungsverzeichnis (80) 13 Eidesstattliche Erklärung 82 Anhang (83)

No description available.

This thesis is an investigation into participation and non-participation by young people in British political parties. Falling turnout in British elections has lead to concern about the level of popular participation in the political system, especially amongst the young. Those between 18 and 25 are less likely to involve themselves in political activity than any other age group. This thesis argues that political parties and their grassroots members are still vital to British democracy and that the failure of both parties to recruit young members is leading to increasingly aged and inactive parties. Even measuring the extent of youth membership of the main parties is problematic due to a lack of accurate membership figures. The figures available show that whilst neither the Labour nor the Conservative Party has enjoyed unqualified success in recruiting young members, Labour has enjoyed comparative success in increasing its youth membership in the period 1970-2001 both absolutely and as proportion of the total membership. I have argued that whilst there is research on participation and non-participation there is little specific on the particular area of young people and political parties. I have suggested and evaluated competing explanations of this problem and I have been able to develop and test a youth-specific model of participation and non-participation. This model builds on the general incentive model developed by Seyd and Whiteley but provides a more comprehensive, and youth specific, model of both participation and non-participation. This new model builds considerably on our understanding of why young people choose to join, or not join, a political party. However, a static sample only takes me so far. A study of the Labour and Conservative youth organisations also shows that they have contributed to their relative success or failure through popular perceptions of their image and through the relationship with their parent parties. My improved model of participation and non-participation is complemented by a consideration that the mobilisation model contributes to understanding trends in membership. Those youth organisations that are able to recruit actively with support from the parent party are more likely to succeed than those who are not. I have provided a detailed and critical study of the Labour and Conservative youth organisations, the first such study since 1970. From this study I have helped explain the comparative success of the Labour Party and the comparative failure of the Conservative Party in recruiting young members. Both party’s youth organisations suffered from poor perceptions of extremism, infighting and unfashionability at certain times in the period under study which helped deter potential members. These problems were often compounded by a poor relationship between the youth organisation and the parent party. However, whilst, eventually, the Labour Party was able to solve these problems to a certain extent, the Conservative Party has yet to find a solution to its recruitment problems amongst young people.

No description available.

Shatsky Rise is oceanic plateau in the northwest part of the Pacific Ocean, and the formation of Shatsky Rise is poorly known. To get a better understanding of the formation Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 324 drilled five sites: Sites U1347 and U1348 on Tamu Massif, Site U1349 and U1350 on Ori Massif, and Site U1346. Paleomagnetic measurements of the basaltic flows recovered can give insight into the timing and paleolatitude of each site. Relating the change in principle component inclination over depth at each site to the paleosecular variation of the geomagnetic field can better constrain the timing of the eruptions. Measurements were carried out by different sources during IODP Expedition 324 and after. This study is an amalgamation of the results from Sites U1346, U1347, U1349, and U1350. Samples from each site were divided into half and demagnetized using alternating field (AF) demagnetization and thermal (TH) demagnetization. After the drilling overprint was removed most samples displayed univectorial decay in the orthogonal vector plot. AF demagnetized samples displayed a low median destructive field (MDF) behavior, <10 mT, and a moderate MDF behavior, >10-20 mT. Thermal demagnetized samples displayed three behaviors: a rapid decline in magnetic intensity after moderate temperature steps behavior, a linear decline in magnetic intensity behavior, and some samples displayed a small segment of self-reversal at 300°-350°. Using the Cox and Gordon (1984) method Sites U1346, U1347, and U1349 displayed very little variation in principal component inclinations over depth, implying a relatively rapid lava emplacement of 10^2-10^3 years. Site U1350 display more variation, implying a longer eruptive time frame of 10^4-10^5years. With the assumption of a normal polarity the paleolatitude estimates are -11.0° +22.2°/-21.4° for Site U1346, 11.3° 27.4°/-28.5° for Site U1347, -5.0° +20.8°/-20.6° for Site U1349 and 1.6° ±7.7 ° for Site U1350. The site paleolatitudes imply that Ori Massif (Sites U1350 and U1349) formed at the equator and Tamu Massif (Site U1347) and Shirshov Massif (Site U1346) formed slightly north and south of the equator respectively. All results are consistent with the interpretation that Shatsky Rise formed near the equator.

No description available.

Cette thèse propose une réflexion sur le concept de populisme aujourd’hui, à partir d’une comparaison entre des cas français et japonais. Elle se focalise sur des périodes de campagne électorale et l’étude d’éléments présents dans les comptes rendus de presse écrite. Son raisonnement est structuré en deux parties. La première présente le concept de populisme et ses problèmes actuels, puis propose une réflexion d’ordre méthodologique, centrée sur la volonté de ne pas séparer les populistes des démocrates, et de considérer le populisme comme intrinsèque au politique. Dans le lignage de la théorie de la « raison populiste » d’Ernesto Laclau, cette partie définit une théorie du populisme comme composition médiatique : il y a du populisme quand s’opère avec succès une composition autour d’un élément dont on perçoit la trace médiatique. La seconde partie s’attache à étudier ce phénomène à travers une comparaison France-Japon. Elle définit les caractéristiques principales des compositions telles qu’elles se réalisent dans les deux pays, s’agissant à la fois de la composition de l’incarnation (comment l’on devient chef) et de celle du projet politique (comment l’on devient un enjeu central), au sein des élections législatives japonaises de 2005 et 2009, et de l’élection présidentielle française de 2007. Une attention particulière a été accordée à François Bayrou, Ségolène Royal (2007) et Koizumi Junichirō (2005) ; ainsi qu’à la privatisation de la poste (2005), le changement de gouvernement (2009), et mai 68 (2007). La conclusion de ce travail propose une théorie du populisme comme émergence et des pistes méthodologiques futures centrées sur la notion de « monade ». / This thesis offers a study of the concept of populism today, through a comparison between French and Japanese cases. It focuses on election campaigns and the study of elements present in newspapers articles. The reasoning is divided into two parts. The first one analyzes the current problems of the concept of populism, and then proposes a methodological reflection, based on a will not to distinguish populist people from democrats, and the empirical inclusion of populism and the political. Following Ernesto Laclau’s “populist reason” theory, this part gives a definition of populism as a “mediatic composition”: populism exists when a composition is successfully created around an element that is visible within mass media content. The second part is dedicated to the study of such phenomena through a Japan-France comparison. It defines the main characteristics of the compositions seen in both countries, with particular regard to incarnation (how to become a leader) and the political project (how to become a central issue), within the 2005 and 2009 Japanese legislative elections and the French 2007 presidential election. It dwells on the specificities of each country regarding the emergence of populist dynamics, consisting of elementary expansions within a campaign, whatever its nature (proposition, person, enemy…). A particular attention is given to François Bayrou, Ségolène Royal (2007) and Koizumi Junichirō (2005); as well as the postal privatization (2005), the change in government (2009) and May 68 (2007). The conclusion proposes a theory of populism as emergence and some methodological prospects based on the notion of ‘monad’.

La resilience dans l’humanitaire. Un concept pour penser autrement la gouvernance des catastrophes socio-climatiques. Le concept de resilience integre l’espace humanitaire au debut du XXIe siecle. Il a pour point de depart l’ambition affichee par les ONG d'ameliorer l’impact de leurs activites sur les populations les plus vulnerables. Si le concept de resilience est ne dans les sciences physiques, son integration au milieu du XXe siecle dans de multiples domaines de recherche : environnement, economie, psychologie et politique, le dote aujourd’hui de diverses interpretations et definitions. Au travers de ses racines multiples, cette integration est, par deduction, limitée par la complexite a trouver une definition, des indicateurs et une methodologie satisfaisante permettant de mesurer et donc d’ameliorer l’aide apportee aux victimes. En nous focalisant sur la gestion des catastrophes socio-climatiques, a savoir celles liees aux activites humaines sur les ecosystemes et aux phenomenes climatiques extremes, nous avons fait le choix d’interroger le sens et la portee de ce concept dans l’humanitaire. En d’autres termes, aux cote;s de ses aspects theoriques, comment apprehender la resilience pour penser autrement la gouvernance des catastrophes socio-climatiques ?Notre etude en 2014 sur l’evolution des trajectoires de vie de 144 foyers dans le Delta des Sundarbans au sud du Bangladesh, met en lumiere une typologie de ces differentes capacites, suite aux cyclones Sidr 2007 et Aila 2009. Par ailleurs, nos resultats avancent l’idee que, si la resilience est une capacite endogene, elle interagit avec deux autres termes complementaires et polemiques qui ont integre l’espace humanitaire entre le milieu et la fin du XXe siecle : la vulnerabilite et l’adaptation des societes. Nous soutenons que, si ces trois termes sont dissociables et parfois meme contradictoires, leur chevauchement permet une analyse plus fine des capacites des foyers au sein des collectivites et des services ecosystemiques locaux. Ce qui nous permet de mettre en avant que le concept de resilience s’apprehende dans l’humanitaire comme une notion integratrice vulnerabilite, resilience et adaptation au service d’une approche systemique de la gouvernance des catastrophes.Nous defendons que la resilience puisse aussi etre apprehendee comme une approche systemique qui bouscule le modele humanitaire, puisqu’il ne s’agit plus seulement pour repondre aux catastrophes de s’inspirer du modele classique urgence, rehabilitation et developpement mais bien de gerer tout au long du cycle d’un projet la confusion et les perceptions contradictoires de la crise et des risques. L’integration de la resilience concourt ainsi a; une modelisation de l’aide basee sur les aspects fonctionnels, structurels et operationnels de l’organisation avec une vision plus integree des systemes socio- ecologiques, a savoir la capacite des foyers a rebondir couplee a celle des services ecosystemiques locaux.Au travers des multiples polemiques qui traversent l’idee de resilience, nous assistons, si ce n’est a un bouleversement profond du paradigme humanitaire, a un enrichissement de la pensee sur la gouvernance des catastrophes et sur les modeles de l’aide qui les accompagnent. Des lors, nous posons notre question de recherche, en quoi le concept de resilience s’apprehende dans l’humanitaire a une approche systemique et a des modeles complementaires de l’aide integres dans la relation durable societe-environnement ? / Resilience in humanitarian. A concept to think differently about the governance of socio-climate disasters.The concept of resilience integrates the humanitarian space in the early 21st century. Its starting point is the ambition of the NGOs to improve the impact of their activities on the most vulnerables populations. If the concept of resilience was born in the physical sciences, its integration in the mid 20th century in multiple research areas: environment, economy, psychology and politics, endows it today with various interpretations and definitions. Through its multiple roots, this integration is by deduction, limited by the complexity to find a definition, indicators and adequate methodology to measure and therefore improve assistance to victims. By focusing on managing socio-climate disasters, namely those related to human activities on ecosystems and extreme climate events, we have chosen to question the meaning and scope of this concept in humanitarian. In other words, the side of its theoretical aspects, how to understand resilience to think differently about the governance of socio-climate disasters?We put forward the idea that resilience is a concept. In the sense that resilience is a general idea that helps to organize knowledge on multiple and complex rebounds capacity of an entity following a shock. Our study in 2014 on the evolution of life histories of 144 homes in the Delta of the Sundarbans in Southern Bangladesh highlights a typology of different capacities following the cyclones Sidr 2007 and Aila 2009. Furthermore, our results argue the idea that if resilience is an endogenous capacity, it interacts with two additional terms and controversies that have integrated the humanitarian space between the middle and late 20th century: the vulnerability and adaptation of societies. We argue that if these three terms are severable and sometimes contradictory, their overlapping enables a more detailed analysis of issues and local socio-ecological dynamics. This allows us to point out our first hypothesis: the concept of resilience is apprehended in humanitarian as an integrating concept serving a systemic approach to disasters governance.Finally, we defend that resilience can also be seen as a systemic approach that challenges the humanitarian model. Since it is not only taking inspiration from the classical model like planning, development, and quality control to answer to disasters, but to be able to model the confusion and conflicting perceptions of the crisis and risks. The integration of resilience contributes to a modeling aid, based on functional, structural and historical aspects of the organization with a more integrated vision of the socio-ecological systems.Through many controversies that cross the idea of resilience, we are witnessing, if this is not a profound change of paradigm in humanitarian, to an enrichment of the thought on governance of disasters, and the models of helps that goes with them. Therefore we ask our research question, how the concept of resilience is apprehended in humanitarian to a systemic approach and innovative models of assistance that emphasize an integrated relationship society-environment?