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MicroRNA-33 regulates sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 expression in mice / マイクロRNA-33は生体内でSREBP-1の発現を制御するNishino, Tomohiro 23 March 2016 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19600号 / 医博第4107号 / 新制||医||1014(附属図書館) / 32636 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 萩原 正敏, 教授 清水 章, 教授 川上 浩司, 教授 瀬原 淳子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Presença de IL33 em amostras de carcinoma espinocelular / Presence of IL 33 in squamous cell carcinoma samplesPerri, Graziela 07 October 2016 (has links)
O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) é a segunda forma de neoplasia cutânea mais prevalente. Os mecanismos exatos envolvidos na progressão desse tipo de tumor ainda não estão elucidados. Estudos recentes têm mostrado que a citocina IL33 é uma citocina reguladora da resposta imune adaptativa, principalmente como potente indutor do perfil Th2. Juntamente com seu receptor ST2, apresenta-se com os níveis elevados em alguns tipos de câncer, corroborando para a evidência de que essa citocina contribui para a carcinogênese. Baseado nessas informações, testamos a hipótese de que a presença de IL33 em carcinoma espinocelular, poderia estar relacionada a um melhor prognóstico. Neste estudo foram utilizadas amostras de carcinoma espinocelular, em diferentes gradações de malignidade tumoral (Grau I, Grau II e Grau III). Os resultados mostraram um infiltrado inflamatório mais intenso em tumores com Grau I e II. Imunorreatividade para IL33 foi observada em tumores de Grau I e II tanto por células epiteliais como por células do infiltrado inflamatório. A análise por microscopia confocal evidenciou que um grande número de células TCD4+ e TCD8+ que expressavam IL33 foi observado em tumores de Grau II. Esses resultados indicam a presença de um intenso infiltrado inflamatório e expressão de IL33 em amostras de carcinoma espinocelular com níveis menores de malignidade tumoral. / Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of cutaneous neoplasm. The exact mechanisms involved in the progression of this type of tumor have not yet been elucidated. Recent studies have shown that the cytokine IL33 is a cytokine regulating the adaptive immune response, mainly as a potent inducer of Th2 profile. Together with its ST2 receptor, its presents with elevated levels in some types of cancer, corroborating to evidence that this cytokine contributes to carcinogenesis. Based on this information, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of IL33 in squamous cell carcinoma could be related to a better prognosis. In this study, squamous cell carcinoma samples were used in three different gradations of tumor malignancy (Grade I, Grade II and Grade III). The results showed that a more intense inflammatory infiltrate in Grade I and II tumors. Immunoreactivity for IL33 was observed in Grade I and Grade II tumor, by epithelial cells and by inflammatory infiltrate cells. The analysis by confocal microscopy evidenced that a great number of TCD8+ and TCD4+ cells expressing IL33 was observed in grade II tumors. These results indicate the presence of an intense inflammatory infiltrate and expression of IL33 in samples of squamous cell carcinoma with lower levels of tumor malignancy.
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Presença de IL33 em amostras de carcinoma espinocelular / Presence of IL 33 in squamous cell carcinoma samplesGraziela Perri 07 October 2016 (has links)
O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) é a segunda forma de neoplasia cutânea mais prevalente. Os mecanismos exatos envolvidos na progressão desse tipo de tumor ainda não estão elucidados. Estudos recentes têm mostrado que a citocina IL33 é uma citocina reguladora da resposta imune adaptativa, principalmente como potente indutor do perfil Th2. Juntamente com seu receptor ST2, apresenta-se com os níveis elevados em alguns tipos de câncer, corroborando para a evidência de que essa citocina contribui para a carcinogênese. Baseado nessas informações, testamos a hipótese de que a presença de IL33 em carcinoma espinocelular, poderia estar relacionada a um melhor prognóstico. Neste estudo foram utilizadas amostras de carcinoma espinocelular, em diferentes gradações de malignidade tumoral (Grau I, Grau II e Grau III). Os resultados mostraram um infiltrado inflamatório mais intenso em tumores com Grau I e II. Imunorreatividade para IL33 foi observada em tumores de Grau I e II tanto por células epiteliais como por células do infiltrado inflamatório. A análise por microscopia confocal evidenciou que um grande número de células TCD4+ e TCD8+ que expressavam IL33 foi observado em tumores de Grau II. Esses resultados indicam a presença de um intenso infiltrado inflamatório e expressão de IL33 em amostras de carcinoma espinocelular com níveis menores de malignidade tumoral. / Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of cutaneous neoplasm. The exact mechanisms involved in the progression of this type of tumor have not yet been elucidated. Recent studies have shown that the cytokine IL33 is a cytokine regulating the adaptive immune response, mainly as a potent inducer of Th2 profile. Together with its ST2 receptor, its presents with elevated levels in some types of cancer, corroborating to evidence that this cytokine contributes to carcinogenesis. Based on this information, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of IL33 in squamous cell carcinoma could be related to a better prognosis. In this study, squamous cell carcinoma samples were used in three different gradations of tumor malignancy (Grade I, Grade II and Grade III). The results showed that a more intense inflammatory infiltrate in Grade I and II tumors. Immunoreactivity for IL33 was observed in Grade I and Grade II tumor, by epithelial cells and by inflammatory infiltrate cells. The analysis by confocal microscopy evidenced that a great number of TCD8+ and TCD4+ cells expressing IL33 was observed in grade II tumors. These results indicate the presence of an intense inflammatory infiltrate and expression of IL33 in samples of squamous cell carcinoma with lower levels of tumor malignancy.
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Etude des mécanismes de l’inflammation pulmonaire lors de l’exposition aux nanoparticules ou la fumée de cigarette : implication des voies de signalisations des récepteurs ST2 et NLRP6 / Mechanisms of nanoparticles or cigarette smoke induced inflammation : study of signalization pathway mediated by ST2 receptor and NLRP6Fanny, Manoussa 25 November 2016 (has links)
Les maladies pulmonaires, responsables de 3,1 millions de décès de part le monde représentent un problème majeur de santé publique. En particulier, la fibrose pulmonaire et la broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) conduisent à la perte de la fonction pulmonaire. Aucun traitement efficace n’a été identifié à ce jour pour lutter contre ces maladies, la seule alternative étant la transplantation. Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai exploré les mécanismes du développement de ces maladies en utilisant différents modèles chez la souris, soit par l’instillation de nanoparticules de métaux ou de bléomycine, conduisant à l’inflammation et/ou à la fibrose pulmonaire, soit par exposition à la fumée de cigarette provoquant une inflammation. Nous avons montré le rôle de la voie de signalisation IL-33/ST2 dans les réponses inflammatoires induites par les nanoparticules ou la bléomycine et identifié de nouveaux mécanismes de régulation de l’IL-33 au sein des macrophages, différents de ceux décrits pour les cellules épithéliales. Nos résultats indiquent que l’expression intracellulaire de l’IL-33 et de son récepteur ST2, joue un rôle important dans l’inflammation, ainsi que la translocation nucléaire de l’IL-33. D’autre part, mes travaux de thèse ont permis d’identifier le rôle clef du senseur intracytosolique NLRP6 dans l’inflammation provoquée par l’exposition à la fumée de cigarette. Nos résultats indiquent que NLRP6, aux fonctions pulmonaires inexplorées, contrôle l’activation des cellules épithéliales et le recrutement des neutrophiles de façon indépendante de la formation d’un inflammasome mais dépendante de la signalisation par les récepteurs des interférons de type I et III. / Pulmonary diseases are a major health problem with 3.1 million deaths in the worldwide. Among them pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which occur after repeated lung epithelium injury, are characterized by impaired lung functions. To date, no effective therapy against pulmonary fibrosis and COPD were developed, lung transplantation being the only alternative. During my thesis, I studied the mechanisms leading to disease development using different experimental models in mice in particular by metal dioxide nanoparticles or bleomycin instillation leading to inflammation and/or pulmonary fibrosis, or by cigarette smoke exposure promoting pulmonary inflammation which may lead to emphysema. We show the crucial role of IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in response to nanoparticles or bleomycine and identify new mechanisms for IL-33 regulation in macrophages which are different from those described in epithelial cells. Our results indicate that intracellular expression of IL-33 and of its receptor ST2, together with nuclear IL-33 translocation, play an important role in inflammatory response to nanoparticles instillation. On the other hand, my thesis work allowed identifying that the cytosolic sensor NLRP6 as a key player in pulmonary inflammation developed upon mouse cigarette smoke exposure. Interestingly, our results show that the receptor NLRP6, whose pulmonary functions are still unexplored, controls epithelial cells activation leading to neutrophils recruitment in the airways, in an inflammasome-independent manner but dependently of type I and III interferon receptors signaling.
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Die bauliche Hülle von medizinischen Großgeräten und deren Bedeutung für ein therapeutisches MilieuFendl, Monika 30 May 2001 (has links)
Ziel der Arbeit ist es, technische, psychologische und gestalterische Grundlagen fuer medizinische Spezialbereiche zu erarbeiten. Es lassen sich wesentliche Ergebnisse zusammenfassen: Die detailliert betrachteten Bereiche der Strahlentherapie, der Lithotripsie und der Kernspintomographie (MRT) erfordern jeweils genaue Analysen, um die funktionellen Ablaeufe, die in der Arbeit nur eine untergeordnete Rolle spielen, die technischen Details und die psychologischen Rahmenbedingungen zu ermitteln. Daraus ergeben sich jeweils unterschiedliche Anforderungen an die Gestaltung der einzelnen Bereiche, in Abhaengigkeit der technischen und psychologischen Voraussetzungen. Zukuenftig werden interventionelle Methoden auch im Bereich des MRT eine Rolle spielen. Fuer diese multifunktionelle Nutzung der Raeume sind groessere Flaechen vorzusehen. Die weitere Entwicklung der Geraete und neuer Technologien liegt in der Hand von Wissenschaftlern und Herstellern, so dass sich zukuenftig Anforderungen an Raeume ergeben werden, die heute nur im Ansatz bedacht werden koennen. Die technische Weiterentwicklung der Geraete wird sich auf die bauliche Planung auswirken: inzwischen sind zahlreiche Geraete deckenhaeng anzuordnen, wie z.B. Monitore zur Darstellung durch Roentgen oder Sonographie zur Ueberwachung von Koerperfunktionen wie z. B. Herzschlag, sowie fuer Eingriffe unter Video-Bildgebung. (Abstract mit Genehmigung des Informationszentrum Raum und Bau/IRB Verlag entnommen aus der Datenbank RSWB Raum, Städtebau, Wohnungswesen, Bauwesen)
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Evidence for a regulatory loop between IFN-γ and IL-33 in skin inflammation.Seltmann, J., Werfel, T., Wittmann, Miriam 02 1900 (has links)
No / Interleukin-33 has recently gained much attention due to its role in allergic responses. It has been shown to amplify Th2 responses and to act as a damage-associated molecular pattern. IL-33 acts on a broad range of cells and has been proposed to link innate and adaptive features of allergic responses. It was the aim of this study to investigate this property of IL-33 in the inflammatory response characterising atopic dermatitis (AD). We have analysed the response of skin-resident cells derived from patients with AD and healthy donors with regard to the expression of IL-33 and its receptor ST2. The functional impact of IL-33 on CD4+ T cells was investigated. Keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts clearly differ in their regulation of IL-33. In fibroblasts, the concerted action of TNF-α and IL-1β was the strongest inducer, whereas IFN-γ is clearly the key molecule that upregulates IL-33 in keratinocytes with a more pronounced response of cells derived from patients with AD. Keratinocytes from patients with AD showed a markedly higher constitutive expression level of surface ST2. CD4+ T cells respond to IL-33. Unexpectedly, IL-33 failed to induce a significant secretion of IL-5 or IL-13. By contrast, high amounts of IFN-γ were detectable if IL-33 was added to the T-cell receptor-stimulated cells or in combination with IL-12. These results suggest that IL-33 and IFN-γ are closely interlinked in epidermal AD inflammation. IFN-γ induces IL-33 in keratinocytes and IL-33 acts on activated T cells to further increase the release of IFN-γ, therefore contributing to drive skin inflammation towards chronic responses.
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Environmental tax on products and services based on their carbon footprint: the case of SpainGemechu, Eskinder Demisse 15 March 2013 (has links)
The main aim of this thesis is to define an environmental tax on products and services based on their carbon footprint. Hybrid-LCA is recognized as the most appropriate methodological tool for identifying the emission intensities on which the tax is based. The research highlights the significance of considering non-CO2 GHG emissions in environmental tax policies. Despite the fact that CO2 is the most important GHG and it is in the spotlight of most climate change mitigation actions, there are also other gases with higher global warming potential which are usually not considered. The potential impacts of the taxation are also assessed by using a Leontief price model, which allows the introduction of the tax on selected sector to induce changes in the production price. The effects of the tax both on the economy, on the environment and on the society are estimated. The results show that there is a clear trade-off between the environment, economy and society. The environmental and economic goals cannot be met at the same time with the environmental taxation unless there is a way in which the public revenues could be used to compensate those who are negatively affected by the tax. Furthermore, the implication of international trade between Spain and its important partners (import and export) in terms of emissions embodiment is also examined by constructing multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model. It highlights the high pollution embedded in the products imported from China. If pollution was taxed, then these imported products would have higher prices, making more competitive local markets. / El objetivo principal de esta tesis es definir un impuesto medioambiental sobre los productos y servicios basado en su huella de carbono. Hybrid-LCA se reconoce como la herramienta metodológica más adecuada para la identificación de las intensidades de emisión en las que se basa el impuesto. La investigación pone de relieve la importancia de considerar las emisiones de GEI distintas del CO2 en las políticas fiscales ambientales. A pesar del hecho de que el CO2 es el GEI más importante, y es el centro de atención de la mayoría de las acciones de mitigación del cambio climático, también hay otros gases con alto potencial de calentamiento global, que generalmente no se consideran. Se evalúan también los impactos potenciales de los impuestos mediante el uso de un modelo de precios de Leontief, que permite la introducción del impuesto sobre el sector seleccionado para inducir cambios en el precio de producción. Asimismo, se estiman los efectos de los impuestos tanto sobre la economía, el medio ambiente y la sociedad. Los resultados muestran que hay un claro compromiso entre estos tres sectores. Los objetivos ambientales y económicos no se pueden cumplir al mismo tiempo con la fiscalidad ambiental, a menos que haya una manera en la que los ingresos públicos pudieran utilizarse para compensar a aquellos que se vean afectados negativamente por el impuesto. Por otra parte, la implicación del comercio internacional entre España y sus socios importantes (importación y exportación), en términos de inclusión de emisiones también son examinados por la construcción del Modelo de Input-Output Multiregional (MRIO). Se destaca la alta contaminación contenida en los productos importados de China. Si la contaminación se grabara, entonces estos productos importados tendrían precios más altos, por lo que los mercados locales serían más competitivos.
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La Calidad de Vida Urbana medida a través del tipo de acceso al agua potable. el caso de Cochabamba, Bolivia.Menéndez Monzonís, Laura 16 October 2015 (has links)
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la calidad de vida de una población a partir su tipo de acceso al agua potable, especialmente en las zonas donde no existe cobertura de la red pública. Para ello se diseña un Índice de Calidad de Vida Urbana (ICVU) en el que el acceso al agua potable es un factor determinante. Esta herramienta da respuesta a los estudios internacionales que demuestran que el agua es un factor esencial en la calidad de vida de una sociedad y por tanto no debe considerarse tan sólo como una variable más dentro de la dimensión del hábitat (como hasta el momento se ha considerado en los métodos existentes para el cálculo de la calidad de vida).
Por otro lado, el estudio del caso se ha realizado en el área sin cobertura de agua potable de la ciudad de Cochabamba (Bolivia). Por lo que, además del objetivo principal mencionado, ha contribuido a dar solución al problema de la carencia de información de la zona. La obtención de estos datos actualizados y representativos es de gran importancia ya que permite hacer un diagnóstico adecuado de la zona más vulnerable de la ciudad y por tanto será de gran utilidad a la hora de proyectar futuras intervenciones, especialmente en aquellas relacionadas con la mejora del acceso al agua y la calidad de vida de los habitantes.
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Staphylococcus aureus and toll-like receptor activity in atopic dermatitisTan, Soo Yee January 2012 (has links)
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus skin infection is an almost ubiquitous feature of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). TLR1, 2 and 6 are important in immune sensing of these bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine whether defects in TLR1, 2 and/or 6 expression/function may explain the propensity to infection in humans and the NC eczema mouse model. Methods: Fibroblast cell lines from severe AD, nonatopic controls, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from the NC, MSM/Ms wild-type strain and a 3T3 control strain TLR1, 2 and 6 expression were measured by qPCR and FACS. IL-6, TNF-α, TSLP and IL-33 production was measured by qPCR and ELISA at baseline and after stimulation with LPS, HKSA and a live strain of Staphylococcus aureus that produced only SEB. Results: No differences were found in either TLR expression or function in human fibroblasts derived from patients and controls. The MSM/Ms MEFs expressed significantly more TLR1 and 2, as well as exhibited high inflammatory profile after stimulation comparing with 3T3 and the NC MEFs. Live Staphylococcus aureus, but not HKSA, LPS or SEB, was a potent stimulus for the Th2-inducing cytokines (TSLP and IL-33), and induce cell death. Cytokines levels were found to be similar in AD and NC MEFs when compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: Eczema in both the human and NC mouse is not associated with abnormalities in fibroblasts TLR1, 2, and 6. Live, but not killed Staphylococcus aureus or its enterotoxin, is a potent inducer of TSLP and IL-33 in both species.
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Accessing the Chinese market. A critical look at the challenges and best practices of Spanish firmsPerea Muñoz, Eva, 15 January 2013 (has links)
Xina representa avui el mercat emergent més atractiu del món. Molts indicadors econòmics ho confirmen: Xina encarna un país amb un PIB pròsper, una creixent població urbana, una ascendent classe mitjana i un augment en la despesa privada i públic. Malgrat tot això, les exportacions espanyoles a Xina són encara baixes i subratllen un dèficit comercial desfavorable i crònic. Per descomptat, es fan esforços per corregir aquest desequilibri de comerç. L'evolució a partir de 2009 mostra un augment de les exportacions espanyoles a Xina, una petita reducció en el dèficit i un augment en la inversió directa. No obstant això, tot això encara representa un canvi modest. El present document es basa en tres hipòtesis: en primer lloc, l'accés al mercat xinès dicta que les empreses estrangeres en general, i espanyoles en particular, adaptin els seus productes o serveis a aquesta demanda específica. En segon lloc, Xina ofereix un atractiu mercat conformat per molts consumidors i una significativa emergent classe mitjana. Espanya no aprofita plenament aquestes oportunitats. Finalment, l'accés al mercat xinès està ple d'obstacles: es requereix una inversió important, personal especialitzat, un període de recuperació llarg, molta paciència i perseverança. Per tant, és accessible només per a les grans empreses.
Mentre es confirmen les dues primeres hipòtesis, no ocorre el mateix amb la tercera. Algunes grans i molt reconegudes marques espanyoles estan tenint gran èxit a Xina. Però també hi ha centenars de petites empreses que operen de manera fructífera en aquest país, en tots els sectors. L'enquesta realitzada confirma que hi ha importants possibilitats d'èxit, independentment de la grandària de l'empresa. La qüestió crucial és tenir una estratègia molt clara per a la implementació del projecte a Xina. Per tant, podem concloure que el fonamental no és principalment la mida (encara que pugui ajudar) sinó tenir una estratègia clara i complir amb certs requisits que s'analitzaran detalladament.
S'ha realitzat una exhaustiva investigació utilitzant dades quantitatives i qualitatives. Es va enviar un qüestionari a les empreses espanyoles a Xina per categoritzar qui són i identificar les oportunitats; estudiar les seves dificultats i plans per al futur al país; descobrir les millors pràctiques: un marc que recolzi l'acció estratègica de les nostres empreses. Totes aquestes variables es troben desenvolupades en els propers capítols.
Finalment, podem concloure que el món avança a un ritme turbulent i les empreses tracten d'adaptar-se ràpidament als canvis. Si en el passat recent les empreses occidentals es van traslladar a Xina per accedir al seu baix cost laboral, avui dia intenten accedir el mercat intern creixent. S'obren oportunitats gràcies a una classe mitjana ansiosa per consumir que augmenta ràpidament. L'accés és difícil i ple d'obstacles. Al mateix temps, els guanys no s'esperen fàcilment a curt termini. Però existeixen oportunitats per a les empreses espanyoles de totes les grandàries i sectors (un en particular és el turisme de qualitat de Xina cap a Espanya). El document proposa unificar esforços per promoure la marca Espanya, ja que Xina està aquí per quedar-se i les empreses espanyoles estan a Xina per quedar-se.
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