Ο σχολικός εκφοβισμός, ή αλλιώς θυματοποίηση (bullying), ως μία μορφή σωματικής, λεκτικής ή κοινωνικής επιθετικότητας, είναι η πλέον διαδεδομένη μορφή επιθετικής συμπεριφοράς στο χώρο του σχολείου. Πρόκειται για ένα φαινόμενο πολυπρισματικό, καθώς οφείλεται σε πληθώρα παραγόντων, έχει πολλές συνέπειες και εμπλέκει ένα μεγάλο αριθμό προσώπων. Εξαιτίας αυτού, αποτελεί ένα πεδίο που συγκεντρώνει συνεχώς αυξανόμενο ενδιαφέρον σε ερευνητικό επίπεδο παγκοσμίως. Εδώ, λοιπόν, καλείται το σχολείο, ως θεσμός, και ο εκπαιδευτικός, ως ο βασικότερος «εκπρόσωπός» του, να αναδείξουν τη σημασία και τον τρόπο της παρέμβασής τους για την αποτελεσματική αντιμετώπιση του φαινομένου. Σε αυτό πρέπει να προστεθεί και το ερώτημα κατά πόσο δύναται η Συμβουλευτική, ως ένας κλάδος που μπορεί και πρέπει να έχει εφαρμογή στο σύγχρονο σχολείο, να διαδραματίσει κάποιο ρόλο κατά τη διάρκεια της παρέμβασης αυτής. Η παρούσα εργασία διερευνά τον τρόπο, με τον οποίο οι εκπαιδευτικοί της Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης αντιλαμβάνονται τις διαστάσεις και τις διάφορες πτυχές του φαινομένου του σχολικού εκφοβισμού, το πώς κατανοούν το συμβουλευτικό τους ρόλο και, τέλος, το κατά πόσο εντάσσουν στρατηγικές της συμβουλευτικής στην παρέμβασή τους στο φαινόμενο του σχολικού εκφοβισμού. Λέξεις – κλειδιά: σχολικός εκφοβισμός, συμβουλευτική, εκπαιδευτικός / Bullying, also called victimization, as a form of corporal, verbal or social hostility, is considered as the most popular type of aggressive attitude in school. It is a multidimensional phenomenon, due to the fact that it is caused by a variety of factors, has many consequences and involves a large number of people. As a result, it is a phenomenon that gradually interests the global scientific community. At this point, the school, as an institution, and the teacher, as its most basic “representative”, need to designate the importance and the way to intervene effectively, in order to face this phenomenon. It must also be considered in what way can counseling, as a sector that can and has to be implemented in the contemporary school, play a role during this intervention. The present study investigates the way teachers of Primary Schools perceive the different aspects of bullying, how they realize their consulting role and, finally, which strategies of counseling do they include during their intervention at the phenomenon of bullying. Key words: bullying, counseling, teacher

Η παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία εστιάζει στο κοινωνικό φαινόμενο του σχολικού εκφοβισμού καθώς και στη διάσταση του ως ζήτημα που άπτεται των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων του παιδιού, όπως προκύπτει από τις μορφές και τις συνέπειες αυτού. Σκοπός της ήταν η διερεύνηση των βιωμένων εμπειριών εκφοβισμού μεταξύ μαθητών που έχουν ζήσει οι εκπαιδευτικοί δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης του Ν. Αχαΐας. Η μελέτη στηρίχθηκε σε μία ποιοτική προσέγγιση με χρήση της ημιδομημένης συνέντευξης ως ερευνητικής μεθόδου, μέσω της οποίας επιχειρήσαμε να ανακαλύψουμε τον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι ίδιοι οι εκπαιδευτικοί συγκροτούν τις αφηγήσεις τους για τα περιστατικά εκφοβισμού που έχουν βιώσει. Η ποιοτική ανάλυση των δεδομένων, που προέκυψαν από τις αφηγήσεις των εκπαιδευτικών, καταδεικνύει το γεγονός ότι αν και οι ομιλητές επιστρατεύουν τους κοινωνικοποιητικούς μηχανισμούς της οικογένειας, του σχολείου και της παρέας ως ταξινομητικά σχήματα οργάνωσης του φαινομένου, οι βιογραφίες τους αποτελούν τον πόρο από τον οποίο αντλούν για να οργανώσουν την αντιμετώπισή του. / The present work focuses on the social phenomenon of bullying and also on its aspect as a matter of fundamental rights of the child, as it appears from the forms and consequences. The aim of the research was to explore the lived experiences of bullying among students, who have proved the secondary school teachers of Achaia. The study was based on a qualitative approach using semi-structured interview as a research method, through which we attempted to investigate the way teachers compose their narratives through their stories about bullying they have experienced. The qualitative analysis of data that derived from the narratives of teachers shows that although the speakers employ their socialization mechanisms of family, school and peers as classifier organization schemes phenomenon, their biographies constitute the resource that derives from to organize the intervention at the bullying phenomenon.

Study One aimed to provide a current understanding of pupils’ attitudes towards people who are overweight and the prevalence and significance of weight-based unkindness in school. Methods: The study followed a mixed method, sequential qualitative and quantitative research design. Part One of the study used exploratory focus groups to ascertain that weight-based unkindness was a valid concern for children and young people, when compared against unkindness of other content. The focus group also ensured that the vignettes used in the survey (Part Two) were ecologically valid. Part Two included an existing measure of weight-stigma (attitude scale) and three sets of vignette-based questions to measure pupils’ perceptions of the frequency and severity of different incidents of unkindness. Part Two, was administered to 214 participants via a computerised survey. Results: The majority of pupils (61%) judged the overweight characters to be the least accepted. Participants also perceived significantly greater hurt, anger, embarrassment and humour to follow episodes of weight-based unkindness. Study Two aimed to better understand why, how and what is ‘different’ about pupils’ understanding of weight-based unkindness when compared to other types of unkindness. Methods: This study adopted an explorative approach to hear the lived experiences of six teachers and 29 children in two South West Primary Schools. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews, administered through focus groups (pupils) and paired interviews (teachers). Data was analysed using latent thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Results: The study found that pupils used the language of personal choice to attribute personal responsibility to overweight CYP, whilst teachers attributed this blame to their parents. Teachers espoused acceptance for the overweight whilst their behaviours implicitly reinforced the ‘thin-ideal’. Key findings are discussed from a theoretical perspective and their implication for supporting attitude change is highlighted.

The phenomenon of aggression has been of interest to psychologists for many years, and has resulted in a variety of theories which-attempt to explain its existence in man. Aggression is prevalent in our primary schools today and it was this observation which initiated the research project. The Relationship Theory was applied in order to gain insight into the life-world of the aggressive child and to explore possible causes which may originate from changes in our society. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. with specialisation in Guidance and Counselling (Psychology of Education)

The phenomenon of aggression has been of interest to psychologists for many years, and has resulted in a variety of theories which-attempt to explain its existence in man. Aggression is prevalent in our primary schools today and it was this observation which initiated the research project. The Relationship Theory was applied in order to gain insight into the life-world of the aggressive child and to explore possible causes which may originate from changes in our society. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. with specialisation in Guidance and Counselling (Psychology of Education)