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Chris Daniel Geisler. / "November 4, 1960." Issued also as a thesis, M.I.T. Dept. of Electrical Engineering, October 29, 1960. / Bibliography: p. 154-158. / Army Signal Corps Contract DA36-039-sc-78108. Dept. of the Army Task 3-99-20-001 and Project 3-99-00-000.

Verkehrsökologische Forschungen sind in Russland bis dato nicht so weit verbreitet wie in Deutschland. Das Handbuch soll daher helfen, das Thema dem geneigten Leser näher zu bringen. Verkehrsökologie ist die Wissenschaft vom System „Mensch – Verkehr – Umwelt“. Systeme bezeichnen in diesem Zusammenhang alle Wechselwirkungen zwischen den beteiligten Subjekten und Objekten. Die Verkehrsökologie beschäftigt sich vor allem mit Systemen, die die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Menschen und ihrer Umwelt beschreiben, die durch Verkehr verursacht werden – angesichts der Tatsache, dass Verkehr direkt oder indirekt einen starken negativen Einfluss auf die Umwelt ausübt. Verkehrsökologie ist ebenso mit Ökonomie verknüpft – per Definition ist das die Wissenschaft vom Haushalten mit knappen Ressourcen, deren Gewinnung, Verwendung und Verteilung. Ökologische Schäden bedeuten gleichzeitig auch ökonomische Schäden. Das führt wiederum zur Zerstörung des gesamten Systems, denn Ökonomie stellt die Grundlage unserer menschlichen Gesellschaft dar. Des Weiteren ist Ökologie, eingeschlossen Verkehrsökologie, untrennbar mit Politik und Anforderungen für zukünftige Generationen verbunden. Nachhaltige Entwicklung, als Ziel einer ökologischen Politik, gestattet nicht nur die Befriedigung der Bedürfnisse der heute Lebenden, sondern ermöglicht auch künftigen Generationen die Befriedigung der gleichen Bedürfnisse. Die Übersetzung der Texte in die russische Sprache erfolgte im Rahmen einer Konferenz an der Omsker Universität für Eisenbahnwesen, unter Beteiligung von Studenten und Lehrern des Omsker Instituts für Fremdsprachen „Ин.яз-Омск”. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass in der russischen Sprache viele Begriffe aus dem Gebiet der Verkehrsökologie nicht existieren. Deshalb haben wir versucht, russische Äquivalente für diese Termini zu finden, deren Sinn und Verständnis sich dem russischsprachigen Leser erschließen sollte. / Исследования в области транспортной экологии в России распространены пока не так широко, как в Германии, поэтому мы хотели бы познакомить наших читателей с понятием этой тематики. Транспортная экология – это наука о системе „человек – транспорт – окружающая среда”. Системой, в нашем понимании, называют любое взаимодействие субъектов и объектов. Транспортная экология занимается, главным образом, системами, которые включают в себя взаимовоздействие человека и окружающей его среды, которое обусловлено транспортом, ввиду того, что транспорт, так или иначе, оказывает негативное влияние на окружающую среду. Транспортная экология также имеет дело и с экономикой – наукой о хозяйственной деятельности с ограниченными ресурсами, их добыче, потреблении и распределении. Ущерб, наносимый экологии, одновременно наносит ущерб экономике, и это разрушает всю систему жизнедеятельности, поскольку экономика является основой человеческого общества. Кроме того, экология, в том числе транспортная, тесно связана с политикой и потребностями будущих поколений. Стабильное развитие, являясь конечным пунктом экологической политики, предполагает не только удовлетворение потребностей современного человека, но и делает возможным удовлетворение таких же потребностей будущих поколений. Перевод текста книги на русский язык был осуществлён в ходе конференции, которая состоялась в Омском государственном университете путей сообщения, при участии cтудентов и преподавателей Омского института иностранных языков „Ин.яз-Омск”. В ходе работы выяснилось, что в русском языке отсутствуют многие понятия из области транспортной экологии. Поэтому мы попытались найти русские эквиваленты этих терминов, наиболее близкие по смыслу и понятные русскоязычному читателю.

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The thesis is an attempt to establish the water area required by any one ship for safe and efficient navigation. The concept of a ship domain has been considered, which may be defined as the effective area around a ship which a navigator would like to keep free with respect to other ships and stationary objects. This area will not be the same for all ships but will depend on a variety of factors such as speed, size of ship and density of traffic among others. The first part of the project was concerned with the collection of data from two separate sources: one being the performance of ships' officers in collision avoidance exercises on a marine radar simulator and the second being marine traffic surveys conducted in the Sunk area of the North Sea, The collection of data on ship movements and their processing for analysis by computer comprised the early work of the thesis. The next section of work was concerned with the development of a technique for evaluating the size of the domain and in particular the range of the domain boundary from the ship referred to as the domange. Very little work appears to have been done on this topic previously so several possibilities were considered before a decision was made as to the most suitable technique. Once this had been established results were obtained for a variety of conditions such as different sea area, length of ship and experience of the navigator as well as those previously mentioned and others. The final part of the thesis considers possible applications of the results in a variety of situations which are of current and future interest in marine traffic studies.

The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has received much attention over several decades. This research aimed at investigating the impact of CSR on organisational brand value. This thesis conceptualises CSR using the stakeholder theory approach as a brand building tool to increase organisational brand value emphasising the strategic importance of CSR and its potential to create mutually beneficial outcomes for organisations and their stakeholders. This thesis proposes that firms can gain increased organisational brand value and enjoy superior performance by incorporating CSR as an integral component of their corporate brand building strategy. A new and empirically tested CSR-brand strength-organisational brand value conceptual framework was developed in this thesis. The data was analysed to identify the significant relationships amongst these three main variables using the structural equation model (SEM) PLS.The first round of data collected were qualitative and was subjected to content analysis. It comprised of responses from the general public, customers, academic and industry practitioners. The results pointed out that most respondents understood what CSR is about and were aware of Vodafone‘s CSR activities in Ghana. They also indicated that culture has an effect on organisational CSR practice and CSR practice is more proactive in the Western world. The purpose of the second round of data analysis was twofold: to perform confirmatory factor analysis for each of the 65 variable in the model; and to use the structural equation model to examine the hypothesised relationships between CSR, brand strength and organisational brand value. By using the discriminant validity correlation matrix table, a positive relationship between all the variables of brand strength and organisational brand value was established. However, no evidence was found to support the mediating effect of brand awareness, on organisational brand value when SEM was used. Importantly, of the seven variables of brand strength only brand awareness did not significantly contribute to organisational brand value. Moreover, brand knowledge was found to make the greatest contribution to organisational brand value. In summary, this thesis argues that the results support the proposition that CSR has a direct and positive impact on organisational brand value, therefore management of firms in the telecommunications industry in Ghana can use CSR to increase organisational brand value if they incorporate CSR activities appropriately into their brand building efforts. This thesis concludes with a discussion of the limitations of the study and provides recommendations for future research.

Direct membrane deposition (DMD) was recently introduced as a novel polymer electrolyte membrane fabrication method. Here, this approach is extended to fabricate 12 μm thin nanocomposite fuel cell membranes. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) nanofibers are directly electrospun onto gas diffusion electrodes. By inkjet-printing Nafion ionomer dispersion into the pore space of PVDF-HFP nanofiber mats, composite membranes of 12 μm thickness were fabricated. At 120 °C and 35% relative humidity, stoichiometric 1.5/2.5 H2/air flow and atmospheric pressure, the power density of the DMD fuel cell (0.19 W cm-2), was about 1.7 times higher than that of the reference fuel cell (0.11 W cm-2) with Nafion HP membrane and identical catalyst. A lower ionic resistance and, especially at 120 °C, a reduced charge transfer resistance is found compared to the Nafion HP membrane. A 100 h accelerated stress test revealed a voltage decay of below 0.8 mV h-1, which is in the range of literature values for significantly thicker reinforced membranes. Finally, this novel fabrication approach enables new degrees of freedom in the design of complex composite membranes. The presented combination of scalable deposition techniques has the potential to simplify and thus reduce cost of composite membrane fabrication at a larger scale.

We show that the combination of direct membrane deposition with proton conductive nanofiber reinforcement yields highly durable and high power density fuel cells. Sulfonated poly(ether ketone) (SPEK) was directly electrospun onto gas diffusion electrodes and then filled with Nafion by inkjet-printing resulting in a 12 μm thin membrane. The ionic membrane resistance (30 mΩ*cm2) was well below that of a directly deposited membrane reinforced with chemically inert (PVDF-HFP) nanofibers (47 mΩ*cm2) of comparable thickness. The power density of the fuel cell with SPEK reinforced membrane (2.04 W/cm2) is 30% higher than that of the PVDF-HFP reinforced reference sample (1.57 W/cm2). During humidity cycling and open circuit voltage (OCV) hold, the SPEK reinforced Nafion membrane showed no measurable degradation in terms of H2 crossover current density, thus fulfilling the target of 2 mA/cm2 of the DOE after degradation. The chemical accelerated stress test (100 h OCV hold at 90 °C, 30% RH, H2/air, 50/50 kPa) revealed a degradation rate of about 0.8 mV/h for the fuel cell with SPEK reinforced membrane, compared to 1.0 mV/h for the PVDF-HFP reinforced membrane.

Die Analyse der Forschungslandschaft, etwa um interessante Kontakte für Forschungskooperationen zu finden oder neue Forschungsschwerpunkte zu identifizieren, ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit. Gerade in den interdisziplinären Bereichen der Mobilitäts- und Verkehrsforschung sind damit jedoch zahlreiche Herausforderungen verbunden. Mit dem neuen Forschungskompass (www.forschungskompass.eu) wird ein Werkzeug entwickelt, um einen schnellen und passgenauen Einblick in diese vielfältige Forschungslandschaft zu erhalten.

In recent years ‘mobility management’—a means of promoting modal shift and alternatives to the journey—has gained importance in continental Europe. Especially in metropolitan areas this approach is seen as a way of improving the effectiveness of traffic system management measures. This paper outlines some key options and constraints of transferring mobility management to rural regions, drawing on evidence gathered from a research and demonstration project currently underway in rural regions of North Rhine-Westphalia. Basic conditions for implementing mobility management in rural regions as well as preliminary findings are presented.