Le travail présenté dans ce manuscrit concerne la fabrication de fantômes d'aorte patient spécifiques utilisant une technique de fabrication additive par impression 3D. Ces répliques sont fabriquées en matériaux synthétiques dont les caractéristiques morphologiques et les propriétés mécaniques doivent être proches de celles déterminées sur un patient. Elles permettent d'optimiser ou de développer les techniques d'imagerie médicale, de comprendre les relations entre le comportement mécanique de la paroi aortique et les caractéristiques hémodynamiques du flux sanguin mais aussi de réaliser des entrainements préopératoires aux interventions chirurgicales, telles que le traitement endovasculaire. Dans cette étude, le comportement mécanique hyper-viscoélastique de la paroi aortique est modélisé par un modèle de Maxwell solide généralisé, dont les paramètres ont permis la sélection et le développement de matériaux élastomères de type silicone aux comportements mécaniques contrôlés. Ces matériaux ont été élaborés à partir de mélanges de formulations existantes et des lois de mélange ont été comparées pour guider la définition de la composition idéale permettant d'imiter le comportement mécanique désiré. Nous avons mis au point une méthode basée sur l'imagerie médicale par ultrason, capable d'identifier les paramètres hyper-viscoélastiques d'une paroi vasculaire. Cette méthode a été validée sur des tubes réalisés avec ces formulations de silicone, dont les propriétés mécaniques ont été mesurées avec des méthodes de référence. Puis, ces silicones ont été utilisés dans un processus de fabrication additive utilisant l'impression 3D par voie indirecte. Un travail de conception assistée par ordinateur a été réalisé pour produire un fantôme d'aorte patient-spécifique présentant un anévrisme fusiforme et non-thrombosé dans la région thoracique / The present work deals with the producing of patient-specific aortic phantoms using an additive manufacturing technique by 3D printing. Phantoms are manufactured from synthetic materials with morphological and mechanical characteristics which should be close to these identified on a patient. They can be used to develop techniques of medical imaging, to understand the relationship between aortic mechanical behavior and hemodynamic properties of blood flow, as well as to perform a preoperative training of interventions, such as endovascular treatment. In this study, the hyper-viscoelastic aortic mechanical behavior was described using a generalized solid Maxwell model. Silicone materials were developed based on the model’s mechanical parameters to mimic various aortic mechanical behaviors. These materials were formulated from commercials silicones, and then mixing rules were compared to define the ideal mixture which can mimic the specific mechanical behavior. A nondestructive method based on medical imaging by ultrasound was developed to identify the parameters of a blood vessel hyper-viscoelastic model. Silicone tubes made of our formulations with known reference mechanical parameters, were used to validate this method. Then, these silicone materials were used in an additive manufacturing process using indirect 3D printing. A work of computer aided design was done to produce a patient-specific aortic phantom with a thoracic fusiform aneurysm without thrombosis

Subject of dissertation was to itemize testing methods in fresh and hardened state of cement paste or concrete. During this process some new testing methods and specimen creation protocols were proposed. Further was created list of used materials and mix design processes which led to list of used 3D printing mixture designs and 3D printers. Next part of dissertation was devoted to creation of 3D printing mix design and observations based on them. At~the end is proposed a radical change in testing methods which utilizes latest advancements in computer science and could be part of digital design process for construction.

This thesis covers the topic of controlling RC servos and constructions of robotic vehicles. The goal is to propose a model of robotic vehicle with RC components and other off the shelf components, 3D printing and demonstrate its capabilities. In the thesis, a mobile robot platform was proposed. It uses a single-board computer together with readily available parts and does not require complicated assembly. An optimization algorithm was used for the design of rack and pinion steering. The result of the thesis is the implementation of a robotic vehicle.

No description available.

No description available.

Collecting memorabilia has been a longstanding practice as it evolved around cultures and societies. Despite existing research about preserving memorabilia, meaningful preservation methods remain unclear due to the individual and idiosyncratic nature of practices [18,22,40,43,47,59]. Migrants who collect memorabilia face challenges in preserving them due to unavoidable circumstances such as lack of transportation, physical measurements and weight of memorabilia. In 2020, 281 million people migrated globally, accounting for 3.6% of the world's population, and as this issue continues to grow, finding practical solu tions is crucial [36,38]. The aim of this study is to explore ways to digitally preserve memorabilia to maintain their material qualities and meaning across diverse geographical contexts (RQ1). The study also focused on understanding what objects migrants regard as worth preserving (RQ2) and how digital memorabilia can be designed to serve as memory tokens (RQ3). The research employed an exploratory case study approach, focusing on first-generation Sri Lankan migrants [11,30]. Qualitative data was collected through interviews and the use of 3D printing and augmented reality was evaluated through prototype testing using a research-through-design approach [29,58]. Results revealed that souvenirs encapsulates sentimental, economic and aesthetic values that provides a symbolic meaning to its’ owner and contributes to constructing their identity. Migrants were willing to try new technologies and augmented reality was recognised as a satisfying experience. To transfer memorabilia meaningfully among different geographical context, a holistic solution for memorabilia preservation was expected by migrants where physical protection of memorabilia is emphasized. Further research in this study involves utilizing photogrammetry scanning and 3D modeling to closely replicate real-life memorabilia and further evaluating mixed-reality user interactions such as augmented reality.

This study has looked at two separate locations, Malmö in Sweden, and Medellin in Colombia, and what the possibilities of rainwater harvesting are in those locations. The paper investigated data gathered by low-cost sensors in Malmö region, as well as sampling and measurements of rainwater collected in Malmö and Medellin, analysed by laboratories in both countries. Important data for the paper are quantity, quality, as well as environmental benefits and the economical perspective of rainwater harvesting. There are several steps that can be taken towards a more sustainable use of the Earth’s resources, and rainwater harvesting is included in the possibilities already at hand. But there is need for further development of monitoring and ways to qualify water for different purposes. It is possible to utilize rainwater for many things, and with that, ease the pressure on the local water supply infrastructure. This study has shown some important parts of that process, and that even low-cost sensors can help in gathering essential data for further evaluation of the usability of the rainwater. By collecting parts of the rainwater, flooding due to extensive downpour can be mitigated to some extent. Moreover, considering the low price of the sensors tested in this study, it is possible to use several low-cost sensors to determine the usability to some extent. Had the measurements rendered in values being too low compared to the laboratory results, the risk would have been greater. The consequence is that usable water could be regarded as not usable since the sensors returned an overall higher value compared to the laboratory results. Furthermore, the research found that the environmental benefit can be substantial. But there are more positive implications when gathering water for usage locally. For example, the water supply can become more distributed and with that, less prone to cause events such as water leaks, polluted water, and extreme events that have rendered an unserviceable infrastructure.

Cloud Manufacturing är en teknologi som sedan begreppets introduktion 2010 genomgått en omfattande utveckling och transformation. Under de tio år som passerat har forskning skett i Sverige och internationellt på hur det ska kunna realiseras. Detta projekt syftar till att undersöka det nuvarande forskningsläget och med grund i den forskning som skett analysera miniatyrtillverkningsindustrins möjligheter att ta till sig de senaste årens landvinningar inom Cloud Manufacturing med inriktning på offentliga moln, och om möjligt, dra slutsatser kring vad vi kan lära oss av detta exempel när det kommer till implementering i andra industrier. Projektet resulterade i att med de förutsättningar som enligt litteraturen krävs för att implementera Cloud Manufacturing finns det flera svårigheter med att implementera ett offentligt tillverkningsmoln i miniatyrtillverkningsindustrin. Dessa svårigheter inkluderade den nuvarande nivån av implementering av teknologier som stödjer implementationen av Cloud Manufacturing och hur implementationen ska finansieras. Industrin skulle dock kunna ta till sig innovationen i framtiden om förutsättningarna förändras. Det finns även en risk att dessa uppdagade svårigheter delas med andra tillverkande industrier som har många mindre företag. / Cloud Manufacturing is a new technology that has since the terms conception in 2010 gone through significant developments. During the ten years that have passed there have been much research on the subject in both Sweden and abroad. The purpose of this project is to shed some light on the current developments within Cloud Manufacturing , and with a basis in recent research analyse the possibilities of the miniature making industry to apply the progress within cloud manufacturing, and, if possible, see what could be learned from this example when it comes to the application of the technology within other industries. The project results in the conclusion that with the requirements for implementing cloud manufacturing established in the recent literature there are several difficulties with implementing Cloud Manufacturing within the miniature making industry. These identified include the current level of adaptation of technologies supporting the implementation of Cloud Manufacturing and the conditions for financing the implementation. The industry could have the possibility of implementing the technology in the future if conditions change. It also concludes that there is a possibility that these difficulties are shared with other producing industries with many small to medium enterprises.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes are gaining prominence in industry as they can build parts to near-net-shape with minimal postprocessing. Metal laser AM techniques, such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM), offer rapid cooling rates on the order of 10^5-10^6 K/s. This is due to a highly-focused laser heating a microscopic volume in an otherwise lower-temperature environment. Hence, metal laser AM can manufacture novel, out-of-equilibrium microstructures that cannot be produced in near-net-shapes with other processes. It is desirable to optimize feedstocks for metal AM processes to leverage their advantages. One option of optimizing feedstocks is through in-situ alloying, or by using elemental powders. Elemental powders homogenize over the course of multiple laser passes, or intrinsic heat treatments. However, rapid cooling rates prevent the homogenization of a layer when first printed. To investigate the homogenization process, this thesis used synchrotron X-ray Diffraction (sXRD) to track the phase transformations during the SLM of a 14-layer single wall (single-hatch, multilayered) of Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe (Ti-185) from elemental Ti, Fe and an alloyed AlV powders, capturing frames at 250 Hz. Infrared imaging was performed simultaneously on the surface at 1603.5 Hz to observe the temperature changes at the surface. Post-mortem electron microscopy was performed on cross-sections of the wall perpendicular to the scanning direction to observe the changes in the microstructure with respect to the build direction. Specifically, Electron Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy and Electron Backscatter Diffraction were performed to observe the alloying elemental distribution and microstructure of the wall with respect to the build direction. The research performed found that in the melted zone, phase transformation times below 50 ms yielded a partially-alloyed microstructure, with regions concentrated and dilute in alloying elements. Partial mixing was diffusion-induced by laser beam heat and the exothermic heat of mixing of Ti-185 from its constituent elements. Further diffusion during reheating cycles yielded an alloyed microstructure. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Nowadays, manufacturing technologies become more and more aware of efficiency and sustainability. One of them is the so called 3D printing. While 3D printing is often linked to plastic, the truth is there are many other materials that are being tested which could have several improvements over plastics.One of these options is stone or concrete, which is more suitable the architecture and artistic fields. However, due to its nature, this new technology involves the use of new techniques when compared to the more commonly used 3D printers. This implies that it could interesting to know how much energy efficient these techniques are and how can they be improved in future revisions.This thesis is an attempt to disclose and analyze the different devices that make up one of these printers and with this information, build a model that accurately describes its behavior.For this purpose, the power is measured at many points and later it is analyzed and fitted to a predefined function. After the fitting has been done, an error is calculated to show how accurate the model is when compared to the original data.It was found that many of these devices produce power spikes due to its nonlinear behavior. This behavior is usually related to switching, and can avoided with different devices.Finally, some advice is given focused on future research and revisions, which could be helpful for safety, efficiency and quality. / Numera blir tillverkningstekniken alltmer medveten om effektivitet och hållbarhet. En av dem är den så kallade 3D­utskriften. Medan 3D­utskrift ofta är kopplad till plast, är verkligheten att det finns många andra material som testas, vilket kan ha flera förbättringar över plast.Ett av dessa alternativ är sten eller betong, vilket är mer lämpligt inom arkitektur och konstnärliga fält. På grund av sin natur inbegriper denna nya teknik användningen av nya tekniker jämfört med de vanligare 3D­skrivarna. Detta innebär att det kan vara intressant att veta hur mycket mer energieffektiva dessa tekniker är och hur de kan förbättras i framtida revisioner.Denna avhandling är ett försök att studera och analysera de olika enheter som utgör en av dessa skrivare och med denna information, bygga en modell som exakt beskriver dess beteende.För detta ändamål mäts effekten på många punkter och senare analyseras och anpassas den till en fördefinierad funktion. Efter anpassning har gjorts beräknas felet för att visa hur exakt modellen är jämfört med originaldata.Det visade sig att många av dessa enheter producerar spännings­spikar på grund av dess olinjära beteende. Detta beteende är vanligtvis relaterat till omkoppling och kan undvikas med olika enheter.Slutligen ges några råd om framtida forskning och revideringar, vilket kan vara till hjälp för säkerhet, effektivitet och kvalitet.