Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin, 1962. / Extension Repository Collection. Typescript (carbon copy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-88).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1964. / Extension Repository Collection. Typescript (carbon copy). Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-178).

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The Arizona Child Acoustic Database consists of longitudinal audio recordings from a group of children over a critical period of growth and development (ages 2-7 years). The goal of this database is to 1) document acoustic changes in speech production that may be related to physical growth 2) inform development of a model of speech production for child talkers. This work was funded by NSF BSC-1145011 awarded to Kate Bunton, Ph.D. and Brad Story, Ph.D, Principal Investigators. This database contains longitudinal audio recordings of 55 American English speaking children between the ages of 2-7 at 3-month intervals. Since children began the study at different ages, some children have fewer recording sessions than others. The database can also be used to provide cross-sectional data for children of a specific age. Please refer to the subject data table for information on specific sessions available here http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/316065. All children were recorded using the same protocol; therefore, task numbers are consistent across children and sessions. A calibration tone is included as Record 1 for all sessions. The speech protocol focused on production of English monopthong and diphthong vowels in isolation, sVd, hVd, and monosyllabic real words. In addition, the protocol includes several nonsense vowel-to-vowel transitions. Speakers were prompted either verbally by investigators or by graphical prompts. Details of the protocol with reference to task numbers can be found in the protocol spreadsheet available here http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/316065. Details on data recording: All samples were recorded digitally using an AKG SE 300B microphone with a mouth to mic distance of approximately 10 inches. Signals were recorded digitally using a Marantz PMD671, 16 bit PCM (uncompressed) at 44.1KHz. Recordings are made available in .wav format. Individual zip files contain all recordings from a single session.

The Arizona Child Acoustic Database consists of longitudinal audio recordings from a group of children over a critical period of growth and development (ages 2-7 years). The goal of this database is to 1) document acoustic changes in speech production that may be related to physical growth 2) inform development of a model of speech production for child talkers. This work was funded by NSF BSC-1145011 awarded to Kate Bunton, Ph.D. and Brad Story, Ph.D, Principal Investigators. This database contains longitudinal audio recordings of 55 American English speaking children between the ages of 2-7 at 3-month intervals. Since children began the study at different ages, some children have fewer recording sessions than others. The database can also be used to provide cross-sectional data for children of a specific age. Please refer to the subject data table for information on specific sessions available here http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/316065. All children were recorded using the same protocol; therefore, task numbers are consistent across children and sessions. A calibration tone is included as Record 1 for all sessions. The speech protocol focused on production of English monopthong and diphthong vowels in isolation, sVd, hVd, and monosyllabic real words. In addition, the protocol includes several nonsense vowel-to-vowel transitions. Speakers were prompted either verbally by investigators or by graphical prompts. Details of the protocol with reference to task numbers can be found in the protocol spreadsheet available here http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/316065. Details on data recording: All samples were recorded digitally using an AKG SE 300B microphone with a mouth to mic distance of approximately 10 inches. Signals were recorded digitally using a Marantz PMD671, 16 bit PCM (uncompressed) at 44.1KHz. Recordings are made available in .wav format. Individual zip files contain all recordings from a single session.

Cette étude porte sur l’élaboration de nanocomposites à matrice polypropylène (PP) chargée de montmorillonite native (NaMMT). La stratégie retenue est basée sur l’utilisation d’une phase polaire intermédiaire sous forme de mélanges maîtres, dont l’élaboration est réalisée par extrusion avec injection d’eau.Dans une première partie la dispersion de NaMMT et à titre de comparaison de montmorillonite modifiée par extrusion assistée eau dans le polyamide 6 (PA6) a été étudiée grâce à une analyse de la morphologie et de son influence sur les propriétés thermomécaniques. Par la suite, des mélanges maîtres à base de PA6 ont été élaborés par ce procédé et dispersés dans le PP via une compatibilisation réactive. L’analyse de la morphologie, en relation avec les conditions d’élaboration et les performances des mélanges nanocomposites est ensuite présentée.Dans une deuxième partie, un copolymère bloc polyether-bloc-amide (PEBA) a été utilisé comme matrice hôte de NaMMT. Sa dispersion dans le PEBA par extrusion assistée eau a été étudiée par une étude morphologique liée aux propriétés thermomécaniques et aux mécanismes de déformation. Le PEBA a ensuite été utilisé comme phase intermédiaire pour disperser NaMMT dans le PP. L’analyse de la morphologie des mélanges nanocomposites est présentée, en lien avec leurs conditions d’extrusion et leurs propriétés macroscopique.Finalement, la comparaison des résultats obtenus dans le cas des mélanges nanocomposites à base PA6 et PEBA est proposée afin de mettre en évidence le rôle de la polarité de la phase intermédiaire, de la rhéologie des constituants et des conditions de procédé sur les propriétés macroscopiques des matériaux. / This work focuses on polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites based on pristine montmorillonite (NaMMT). The elaboration strategy involves the use of a polar polymer based masterbatch to disperse NaMMT in the PP matrix. Water assisted extrusion is used to finely disperse the native montmorillonite in the polar host polymer.In the first part, the dispersion of modified and pristine montmorillonite in polyamide 6 (PA6) using water assisted extrusion is presented. The morphological analysis of the PA6 nanocomposites and its outcome on the thermomechanical properties were studied. PA6 masterbatches were then elaborated using water assisted extrusion and dispersed in PP to obtain nanocomposites blends. Their morphologies are detailed, in relation with the processing conditions, and the related mechanical properties.In the second part, polyether-block-amide (PEBA) was used as host polymer to disperse modified and native montmorillonite. Their dispersion is obtained thanks to the water assisted extrusion process. The morphological analysis and its influence onto the thermomechanical properties and on the deformation mechanisms were studied. PEBA masterbatch were then prepared using water assisted extrusion and dispersed into PP to obtain nanocomposites blends. The study of their morphologies is presented, related to the extrusion conditions, and the corresponding macroscopic performances.Finally, the comparison of the results obtained in the case of PA6 and PEBA nanocomposites blends is discussed to evidence the influence of components rheology and polarity as well as the processing conditions onto the macroscopic behaviors of the materials.

Des nanocomposites polypropylène greffé amidon (PP-g-amidon) / argile organomodifiée ont été élaborés par extrusion bi-vis corotatives. Des compatibilisants de type polyoléfine greffée anhydride maléique (PP-g-MA), homopolymère PP ou copolymère éthylène-propylène, présentant différentes masses moléculaires et différents taux de greffage en MA ont été ajoutés à différents taux d’incorporation. Deux montmorillonites organomodifiées ont été utilisées contenant, l’une des groupes fonctionnels polaires présentant une affinité avec la phase amidon, l’autre des groupes fonctionnels apolaires ayant une affinité avec la phase PP de la matrice. La meilleure miscibilité des mélanges PP-g-amidon/PP-g-MA a été observée dans le cas d’un faible taux de compatibilisant (5wt%) copolymère éthylène-propylène greffé MA, qui combine la masse moléculaire la plus faible et le taux de greffage en MA le plus élevé (1,4 wt%), et présente un comportement rhéologique proche de celui du PP-g-amidon. L’optimisation des performances mécaniques (augmentation de rigidité et de résistance sans perte significative de ductilité) des hybrides ternaires a ensuite été obtenue de deux manières : (i) en ajoutant la montmorillonite apolaire, la compatibilisation n’étant alors pas fondamentale, (ii) en utilisant la montmorillonite polaire, ce qui nécessite une compatibilisation entre la phase polypropylène de la matrice et le surfactant de l’argile par une polyoléfine-g-MA suffisamment greffée en anhydride maléique (maléation de la phase polyoléfine>0,3wt%) dont la viscosité à la température de transformation est proche de celle de la matrice PP-g-amidon. / Starch-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-starch) / organoclay nanocomposites were melt-compounded by co-rotating twin-screw extrusion. Homopolymer or copolymer-based polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) with different molecular weights and different maleic anhydride (MA) grafting levels was added at different weight contents as compatibilizer. Two organo-modified montmorillonites were used, the first one containing polar functional groups having affinity with the starch phase, and the other one containing non polar-groups having affinity with the PP phase of the polymer matrix. The best miscibility of PP-g-starch/PP-g-MA blends was observed for low content (5wt%) of the ethylene-propylene copolymer-based PP-g-MA, which combines the lowest molecular weight and the highest MA-grafting level (1,4 wt%), and has a rheological behaviour close to that of PP-g-starch. Optimisation of mechanical properties (rigidity and strength increase without significant loss of ductility) of the ternary hybrids was then achieved by two ways: (i) by using the non polar montmorillonite, compatibilization being not essential in that case; (ii) by using the polar montmorillonite, which requires a compatibilization between the PP phase of the matrix and the starch organomodifier with a sufficiently MA-grafted polyogefin-g-MA (maleation of the polyolefin > 0,3wt%) whose viscosity at the processing temperature is close to that of the PP-g-starch matrix.

La question des sites et sols pollués est de plus en plus prégnante dans les opérations de renouvellement urbain en France. Cette préoccupation nouvelle est liée étroitement à la montée en puissance des politiques de lutte contre l’étalement urbain qui promeut le recyclage foncier des friches urbaines, dont les anciens sites industriels. La régénération urbaine des friches industrielles polluées a des conséquences techniques, financières, sociales et juridiques, particulières sur la conception, la réalisation et la vie d’un projet. Les contraintes résultant de la pollution des sols pour les acteurs de l’aménagement et les futurs usagers dépendent du degré de pollution du site et de l’articulation de la définition du projet d’aménagement avec les choix de gestion et de traitement de la pollution. Les acteurs de l’aménagement sont en recherche de méthodes et d’outils leur permettant de prendre en compte le mieux possible cette contrainte qu’ils connaissent peu et à laquelle il ne sont pas formés. Cet exercice est difficile, car s’il existe une politique nationale des sites et sols pollués en France, celle-ci n’est encadrée par aucun texte légal ou réglementaire. En outre, cette expertise rare est encore très attachée au domaine de la gestion environnementale des industries polluantes. Ainsi, les solutions de gestion et de traitement proposées aux aménageurs et aux constructeurs auront un impact direct sur le projet dont ils peuvent ignorer les effets. L’enjeu des politiques locales d’urbanisme consiste à intégrer la pollution des sols au processus de conception et de réalisation d’opérations d’aménagement et de construction. / The issue of contaminated land is becoming more significant in the urban renewal projects in France. This new concern is closely related to the increase of policies combating urban sprawl and promoting land recycling of urban wastelands including former industrial sites. The urban regeneration of polluted industrial wastelands has technical, financial, social and legal impacts, especially on the design, the implementation and the life of a project. Restrictions resulting from soil contamination concerning the actors of urban development and future users, depend on the degree of site pollution and the structuring of the project definition with the pollution management and treatment pollution choices. Actors are searching for methods and tools that could help them to take that restriction into account as much as possible, a theme they don’t really know and for which they are not trained. This practice is difficult because, if there is a national policy on contaminated sites and soils in France, it is neither ruled by legislation nor by a regulatory framework. In addition, this expertise is uncommon and still very attached to environmental management area of polluting industries. Thus, management and treatment solutions proposed to developers and builders can have a direct impact on the project, of which they can ignore the effects. Restriction uses such as for example, the ban on growing gardens, on building individual housing are sometimes necessary to protect future users from the residual contamination of the site. The objective of urban local planning policies is to integrate soil pollution in the process of design and implementation of urban renewal projects.

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