Submitted diploma thesis brings the life fates of František Machník, last political minister of the national defence of the first Czechoslovak republic. He was one of the political symbols of the army in 30´s as the representative of the Agrarian party. He soon found that the possible new army conflict among nations could be very real. The whole European effort of keeping Versailles´ peace system was absolutely desperate. Machník became propagator of the nation´s military ability, he popularized the army in the public view and he inspired thousands of people for her. He gave her technic and institutional laws. He was interested in the financial support of the building of the border´s fortification. This diploma work tries as first to map Machník´s life from the very beginnings over his studies, teacher´s and school director´s career and MP activities. It looks on his early enter to the Agrarian party and his work for Agrarian academics. The three - years ministerial career emphasizes two important moments - the law of the national defence and Machník´s decree. WWII brought him first suffering - the Gestapo investigation and then he was sentenced to death and this was changed to life imprisonment. The author of this work is also interested in Machník´s postwar investigation and trial by the National Court in the year 1947. It was followed with the communistic trial in 1952 and 5 years imprisonment. The end of the thesis concentrates on the sad Machník´s retirement after the amnesty in 1953.

The paper examines the status of selected disadvantaged groups in the Czech labour market in 2005-2012. The main goal of this paper is to test the hypothesis that these disadvantaged groups respond to changes in Czech GDP more sensitive than the general unemployment rate. This thesis describes the development of general unemployment rate and selected disadvantaged groups in studied period. The main hypothesis is verified using regression analysis performed on the time series. Empirical investigation, realized in this work, confirm this hypothesis in a group of graduates and persons at age 15-24. For persons with disabilities and persons at age 50-74 failed to confirm the hypothesis.

The thesis "Marketing of Elderly People" follow up on the issue of marketing focused on the generation aged over fifty years. Describes the specifics of this generation in the context of the consumer behavior. In the practical part of the thesis is conducted marketing research dedicated to consumables behavior of seniors in regard to Internet commerce. For marketing research was used questionnaire. Analysis of the results obtained information on the relationship of seniors to Internet trading, which is largely the domain of the younger generation already online.

The aim of the present study was the development of analytical methods which can be used for gaining a deeper insight into the mechanisms of hair treatment with cosmetic formulations like shampoos. The efficacy of such a formulation is affected by the amount of different active agents remaining on the hair after treatment. Due to the complex composition of most of the formulations various dependencies and interactions of the ingredients are possible. Beneath that a variety of parameters of the treatment process influence the substantivity. Finally the degree of hair damage present at the treatment process is significant. So the process of hair treatment with cosmetic formulations is very complex. The understanding of this process enables a systematic development of products with better or novel effectivity. The developed analytical methods provide the possibility of a parallel determination of different active agents and their interaction of the adsorption behaviour. Furthermore the determination of influencing variables like treatment conditions or hair damage can be performed. So it is possible to generate the knowledge necessary for excellent scientific product development. The general methodology for the method development consists of an extraction from hair followed by a selective and sensitive quantitation of the active agents located in the extract using LC/MS and LC/MS/MS. Analytical methods for the determination of the complex composed surface active agents Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine and Alkyl Polyglucoside were developed. During the evaluation process it could be figured out that significant swelling of the hair fibre does not occur during a hair wash lasting 2 min or less. Hence the active agents are mainly adsorbed at the hair surface. During method development it was found that the composition of these agents is changing during hair treatment resulting in a difference of the singles substance distribution on hair and in the shampoo. Additionally an analytical method for selective and sensitive quantitation of the cationic polysaccharides Polyquaternium-10 and Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride using LC/MS was developed. The parallel quantitation of Polyquaternium-10 and Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride enables to study their interaction of the adsorption behaviour. Beneath that the quantitation of substances with low active contentes, like Ubiquinone 50, Piroctone Olamine and Benzophenone?4, was carried out. The extraction behaviour of these substances showed that an extraction time of 7 min assisted by an ultrasonic treatment is optimal. Longer extraction leads to a significant increase of the active hair surface due to swelling. The result is a higher adsorption capacity of the hair fibre and thus a decreased analyte concentration in the extract. The reproducibility of the using treatment protocol was approved by parallel quantitation of several active agents. Due to variation of several treatment parameters their influence on substantivity was studied: the flow rate, temperature and hardness of the water for rinsing and the time for massaging in the formulation. Furthermore, it was shown that the degree of hair damage and further shampoo ingredients influence the substantivity of active agents. Finally it was demonstrated that the adsorption behaviour can be significantly influenced by the application strategy. / Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, mit der Entwicklung von analytischen Methoden eine Möglichkeit zu schaffen, um die Mechanismen bei der Haarbehandlung mit kosmetischen Formulierungen, wie Shampoos besser verstehen zu können. Die Pflegeleistung einer solchen Formulierung wird unter anderem davon bestimmt, wie viel der unterschiedlichen eingesetzten Wirkstoffe nach der Behandlung auf dem Haar verbleiben. Durch die Komplexität der kosmetischen Formulierungen kommt es zu vielfältigen Abhängigkeiten und Beeinflussungen der Substantivität der einzelnen Substanzen voneinander. Darüber hinaus gibt es eine Vielzahl von Parametern bei der Haarbehandlung, die die Substantivität beeinflussen. Schließlich spielt auch der Zustand des Haares eine entscheidende Rolle. Alles in allem handelt es sich bei der Behandlung des Haares mit kosmetischen Formulierungen um sehr komplexe Prozesse. Das Verständnis dieser Prozesse ermöglicht eine gezielte Entwicklung von Produkten mit besserem und zum Teil neuartigem Leistungsspektrum. Die entwickelten Analysenmethoden erlauben die parallele Bestimmung der auf dem Haar adsorbierten Menge verschiedener Wirkstoffe. Dadurch kann die gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Wirkstoffadsorption untersucht werden. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht das Methodenspektrum eine Bestimmung der Einflussgröße äußerer Parameter, wie der Waschbedingungen und innerer Parameter, wie der Haarschädigung. Damit ist es möglich, das notwendige Wissen für eine fortschrittliche, wissenschaftliche Produktentwicklung zu gewinnen. Der allgemeine Ansatz für die Entwicklung der Methoden beinhaltet eine Extraktion der Wirkstoffe vom Haar, gefolgt von einer selektiven und empfindlichen Quantifizierung im Extrakt mittels LC-MS und LC-MS/MS. Es wurden Analysenmethoden für die komplex zusammengesetzten oberflächenaktiven Wirkstoffe Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine und Alkyl Polyglucoside entwickelt. Dabei wurde durch Untersuchungen der Extraktion vom Haar bewiesen, dass die zweiminütige Haarwäsche nicht zu einem signifikanten Aufquellen des Haares führt, so dass die Wirkstoffe hauptsächlich an der Haaroberfläche adsorbiert werden. Außerdem wurde gezeigt, dass sich die Zusammensetzung dieser Wirkstoffe während der Haarwäsche ändert, so dass sich die Einzelsubstanzverteilung auf dem Haar von der im Shampoo unterscheidet. Des Weiteren wurde die selektive und empfindliche Quantifizierung der kationischen Polymere Polyquaternium-10 und Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride durchgeführt. Die parallele Quantifizierung beider Konditionierungsstoffe ermöglicht die Untersuchung, in welchem Umfang sich beide Polymere in ihrem Adsorptionsverhalten beeinflussen. Bei der Methodenentwicklung für die Quantifizierung der Wirkstoffe Ubiquinone, Piroctone Olamine und Benzophenone-4 zeigte sich, dass eine Extraktion über 7 min im Ultraschallbad die besten Ergebnisse brachte. Bei längerer Extraktionszeit vergrößert sich die Oberfläche des Haares durch Quellung, so dass sich der Anteil an adsorbierten Analyten wieder erhöht. Die Reproduzierbarkeit der Haarwäsche mit dem verwendeten Waschprotokoll wurde bestätigt, indem verschiedene Wirkstoffe parallel auf dem Haar quantifiziert wurden. Durch Veränderung der Waschparameter Einmassierzeit sowie Durchflussmenge, Temperatur und Härte des Spülwassers wurde der Einfluss dieser Parameter auf die Substantivität der Wirkstoffe untersucht. Darüber wurde gezeigt, dass sowohl der Schädigungsgrad des Haares als auch andere auf dem Haar befindliche Shampoo-Bestandteile einen Einfluss auf die Substantivität von Wirkstoffen haben. Schließlich wurde an einem Beispiel gezeigt, dass man die Substantivität von Wirkstoffen nicht nur durch die Zusammensetzung der kosmetischen Formulierung, sondern auch durch die Art der Anwendung entscheidend beeinflussen kann.

從投資組合理論與效率市場假說來看，影響投資績效之主要因素為資產配置而非選股或擇時能力，相關之實証亦發現主動式投資策略並無法獲得持續優於大盤的報酬，因此被動式投資策略將是一較佳的選擇。自先鋒集團在1976年率先推出指數基金之後，此類指數化投資商品即呈現指數化成長。而我國亦在2003年6月30日正式推出第一檔指數股票型基金「臺灣50指數股票型基金，簡稱TTT」。 本論文以投資人的角度來分析TTT之報酬率及成交量，從追蹤誤差及溢折價來觀察基金之報酬率，研究造成追蹤誤差之主要影響因子為何與實物創造或贖回機制是否能有效發揮功用，使TTT之市價可貼進基金淨值，以免如同封閉型基金大都折價交易，而影響投資人之獲利率。此外，更進一步比較TTT與其他指數化商品之差異性以供投資人選擇投資標的時參考。 本研究發現影響追蹤誤差之因素主要為指數成份股之增刪、公眾流通係數之調整與現金股利的發放。雖然在短期下上述因素會影響基金報酬，但長期而言基金報酬與指數相當，甚或更為略高，故在衡量長期績效時臺灣50指數可做為一良好的報酬指標。而從溢折價來分析時，由於市場交易機制，使得TTT自上市以來之流動性不足，市場效率性不高，溢折價幅度較大。此點與成交量之分析結果一致，研究發現TTT之成交量並未因出現套利機會而顯著增加，投資人買賣TTT主要在於避險或投機需求。 雖然現階段我國尚未出現指數基金，但若未來有出現類似之商品時，在目前我國停徵證券交易所得稅的環境下，投資金額的大小將非決定選擇指數基金或TTT之關鍵因素，投資期間與「質」的因素才是主要關鍵。當投資期間愈長，TTT之高交易成本的影響程度將降低，其可在盤中隨時買賣及低追蹤誤差等「質」方面的優勢將提高，TTT將相對較具吸引力。而臺灣50指數期貨由於交易成本及流動性風險較高，因而投資人較不偏好操作臺灣50指數期貨。

(in English) The main topic of this thesis is both analysis and interpretation of the relationship between funeral rites, political power and society. Funeral rites are understood as a complex of performative, symbolic social acts, which are themselves comprised of various distinctive phases and signs. The meaning of these acts and signs is important because it can change the features and practice of the collective it is assigned to. The main purpose of this thesis is not only to perform a thick description of different kinds of communist funeral rite in the given time period but to interprate it in the wider social and cultural context as well. The concept of political religion as a heuristic tool was used in the thesis in order to distinguish an ambivalent nature of communist ideology which manifested itself in funeral rites. Funeral rites are analyzed as models for human behavior, which represent key values and norms of communist ideology. At the same time, funeral rites are analyzed as forms of cultural management. That is the reason, why are put under scrutiny not only the rites which are significant for society as a whole but also the funeral rites of individual actors.

The broad subject of this diploma thesis would be the Czechoslovak Secret Police (StB) during the years 1945-1969; and, more narrowly, certain aspects of its organization and activities in relation to the then applicable legislation. The overriding objective, which was reflected in this legislation, was the protection of the Communist political system, the regime. This regime protection goal clearly influenced the evolution and organization of the StB and the related policies on the imprisonment of those individuals that represented a threat to the State and the State System. Similar general principles and policies have basically remained in effect into the current period. The paper begins with an Introduction and Preface, which take a look at the events and nature of the society in this post-World War II period. This material is derived from an examination of historical source materials. The remainder of the paper is divided into four additional Chapters with related subsections. The Introduction and Preface focus on the nature and state of the society in the immediate post-war period, which provided the context and background used for the development of the new legislation and the newly created institutions developed for the protection of this new social order and the punishment and incarceration...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:11:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denise Marciano de Aquino.pdf: 9251290 bytes, checksum: 1af551e1fc9d03478f8c9e731f49fac2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 / The "body" transcends its material condition of existence, marks, designs and shows a being staying in a world shaped by realities which make it tactile, albeit subjective, vibrating, and at the same time encased in standards. Volatile, even if you want it to be everlasting. These realities are embroidered by ideals of beauty, which converge into aesthetic standards that are persistently. Which are the Processes that reflect the representation of a "body" that is considered ideal? The initial hypothesis is that the media aimed at female audiences defile / is contaminated by aesthetic standards of beauty woven into a kaleidoscope in which cultural practices embroider a mosaic bio-political and socio-cultural.It is worth remembering that when I consider the female audience, I assume that the "beauty" is often related to it. In this study, therefore, I believe that women's magazines are an important source to investigate the question posed: by means of linguistic and visual resources this media establishes a will and a duty to be "beautiful." The female reader has access to a kind of knowledge and power that can be incorporated to make her "beautiful", sanctioned by the society and the public for whom it is aimed. The magazine that introduced the photo-story in Brazil will be analyzed in this study: it is the Grand Hotel, whose weekly editions circulated between 1947 and 1980.Covers published in its first year of service are being analyzed; a kind of "artistic work", they are drawn by hand and function as an identification of the journal. The choice of this analysis material is due to the cultural ideology of the late 40'sThe analysis is grounded in a proposal which, in addition to a system of signs, the culture is understood as a light of traditional theories of communication and arts magazines and translated into a new dimension of knowledge - which considers the need for a change of fields and methods of application .This research focuses on how a media production is related to cultural series, redesigning and distributing porous and non-orthogonal forms of beliefs, values and ways of life, exchanging cross bordering translations whose threads I intend to investigate. This work is based therefore on theoretical aspects of communication and the arts (especially in the semiotic work of the Slavic extraction, among which, Tynianov, Lotman and others). Three chapters compose the dissertation: the first chapter checks cases in which the contamination between codes, sets and languages inscribed in bodies (considered ideal) embroidered in a double subjectivity in which the natural and cultural are intertwined. Chapter 2 covers "printed aesthetic universes" it deals with the emergence of the magazine, relating this media with an aesthetic language of the universe. The proposed analysis of the corpus are developed in Chapter 3. Some final remarks close the paper, and opportunities for future research in the area are also highlighted / O corpo transcende sua condição material de existência; marca, projeta e mostra um ser e um estar no mundo, moldado por realidades que o tornam tátil, ainda que subjetivo; vibrátil, e ao mesmo tempo enclausurado em padrões. Volátil, mesmo que se queira perene. Essas realidades são bordadas por ideais de beleza, que confluem em padrões estéticos insistentemente perseguidos. Que processos traduzem a representação de um corpo considerado ideal? Este é o problema central desta dissertação. A hipótese inicial é a de que a mídia voltada ao público feminino contamina/ é contaminada por padrões estéticos de beleza tecidos num caleidoscópio em que práticas culturais bordam um mosaico bio-político-cultural. Vale lembrar que, quando considero o público feminino, parto do pressuposto de que a beleza é frequentemente relacionada a ele. Nesta pesquisa, pois, considero que as revistas femininas constituem um lugar importante para investigar a questão proposta: por meio de recursos linguísticos e visuais, esta mídia instaura um querer e um dever ser bonita . A leitora tem acesso a um saber e a um poder passíveis de serem incorporados para fazê-la bonita , sancionados pela sociedade e também pelo público a que se dirige. A revista que introduziu no Brasil a fotonovela será analisada nesta pesquisa: trata-se da Grande Hotel, cujas edições semanais circularam entre 1947 e 1980. São analisadas capas publicadas em seu primeiro ano de circulação; espécie de obra artística , são desenhadas à mão e funcionam como identificação do periódico. A escolha por este material de análise se deve à ideologia cultural de finais dos anos 40. A análise se embasa em uma proposta na qual, para além de um sistema de signos, a cultura é compreendida à luz de teorias tradicionais da comunicação e das artes revistas e traduzidas para uma nova dimensão de conhecimento na qual se considera a necessidade de alteração de campos e métodos de aplicação. Esta pesquisa se debruça sobre o modo como uma produção midiática se relaciona com séries culturais, redesenhando e distribuindo formas porosas e não-ortogonais de crenças, valores e modos de vida, intercambiando traduções interfronteiriças cujos encadeamentos investigo. Este trabalho se fundamenta, pois, em vertentes teóricas da comunicação e das artes (principalmente em filiação a trabalhos semióticos de extração eslava, dentre os quais, Tynianov, Lotman e outros). Três capítulos compõem a dissertação: o capítulo inicial verifica processos em que a contaminação entre códigos, séries e linguagens inscrevem em corpos (considerados ideais) subjetividades bordadas num duplo em que o natural e o cultural se entrelaçam. O capítulo 2 aborda universos estéticos impressos : trata do surgimento da revista, relacionando esta mídia com linguagens do universo estético. As análises do corpus proposto são desenvolvidas no capítulo 3. Algumas considerações finais encerram a dissertação, e também são apontadas possibilidades de pesquisas futuras na área

The top endorsed athletes in the world are most likely the ones who have the biggest impact on their sport. These athletes are usually among the best in their sport or they might have something special that creates a strong relationship between the athlete and his or her fans. It is possible to say that this relationship combined with their skills on and off of the fields, courts, or arenas is what makes these athletes special. Big companies all over the world feel attracted to these athletes and, as a result, they spend millions of dollars every year in order to make these athletes the face of their companies. This research investigates the relationship between the monetary values of the top 50 most endorsed athletes in the world and their behaviors. Companies spend millions of dollars every year on endorsement deals, so it is important that they pick the right athlete to represent them. Furthermore, the athletes that are being endorsed need to know if there is a possibility of gaining or losing endorsements based upon their behaviors. The methodology in this research utilizes Analysis of Variance to investigate this relationship.

The teratogenic potential of commercial formulations of atrazine (40.8%) and 2,4-D was evaluated using FETAX (frog embryo teratogenic assay--Xenopus). Because these herbicides have been detected in ground and surface water, this study was designed to determine the adverse effects in buffer and natural water for both herbicides. All treatments showed a significant concentration-response effect on exposed embryos, except for the 2,4-D natural water sample. Atrazine (solubility of the commercial formula used 70 mg/L at 20 degrees C), compared to 2,4-D (solubility = 311 mg/L at pH = 1 and 25 degrees C), had a significantly greater teratogenic effect in both the buffer (atrazine EC50 = 33 mg/L, LC50 = 100 mg/L, TI = 3.03; 2,4-D EC50 = 245 mg/L, LC50 = 254 mg/L, TI = 1.04) and natural water samples (atrazine EC50 < 8 mg/L, LC50 = 126 mg/L; 2,4-D EC50 and LC50 > 270 mg/L). The 2,4-D EC50 and LC50 values for the buffer were similar at 245 mg/L and 254 mg/L. These similar values and the teratogenic index (TI) of 1.04 suggested that 2,4-D was more embryotoxic than teratogenic to frog embryos at high concentrations. Atrazine in natural water demonstrated a significantly greater EC50 (100% abnormality at 8 mg/L, the lowest test concentration) to frog embryos than the buffer experiment (EC50 = 33 mg/L). The extrapolated lowest observable adverse effect concentration (LOAEC) for the natural water experiment was 1.1 mg/L. These results suggest that atrazine toxicity is enhanced by the synergistic or additive effects of some component of the water or atrazine was already present in the sample. In contrast to atrazine, 2,4-D was less toxic in natural water than buffer. These results suggest that both atrazine and 2,4-D pose little threat, since their embryotoxicity and teratogenicity to frog embryos occur at high concentrations approaching their maximum solubility levels in water.