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Submitted by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2014-10-21T22:01:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese.Texto. Luciana Bueno.pdf: 10709472 bytes, checksum: bfe5078119261480e714cf9931973e3c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2014-11-18T19:01:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese.Texto. Luciana Bueno.pdf: 10709472 bytes, checksum: bfe5078119261480e714cf9931973e3c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-18T19:01:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese.Texto. Luciana Bueno.pdf: 10709472 bytes, checksum: bfe5078119261480e714cf9931973e3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / O câncer de colo uterino (CCU), cujo agente etiológico é o papilomavírus humano (HPV), é um dos tipos de câncer mais frequentes em mulheres em todo o mundo, não só em incidência como também em mortalidade. Alguns genótipos de HPV, denominados de alto risco (HR-HPV), e suas variantes gênicas, estão mais associados à indução de lesões malignas, sendo HPV16 e 18 os mais frequentes. Algumas infecções do trato genital podem atuar como cofatores da progressão carcinogênica do CCU, porém a infecção por vírus adeno-associado (AAV) parece estar inversamente relacionada, o que pode refletir em um papel protetor no desenvolvimento do CCU induzido pelo HPV. Portanto, este estudo objetivou investigar o papel da infecção mista AAV-HPV e das variantes oncogênicas de HPV na progressão das lesões intraepiteliais de colo de útero e acompanhar a eliminação / persistência viral em relação à progressão / regressão das lesões cervicouterinas. Exames citológicos foram realizados em amostras de espécime cervical, coletadas em dois momentos, de mulheres atendidas no Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antonio Moraes – HUCAM e seguiram para tratamento conforme preconizado. DNA foi extraído pelo kit comercial QIAamp® DNA Mini Kit, seguindo instruções do fabricante. DNA de AAV foi investigado por PCR e nPCR e, de HPV, por PCR e Captura Híbrida® (CH). Genotipagem de AAV e HPV foram realizadas por RFLP e RLB, respectivamente. Dos casos encaminhados ao ambulatório de colposcopia, 57,3% tiveram citologia normal, 23,1% lesões de baixo grau e 19,6% lesões de alto grau. Dos casos com citologia normal, 78% permaneceram normais, enquanto 22% progrediram à lesão; dos casos com lesão de baixo grau, 74% regrediram para citologia normal, enquanto 78,6% dos casos com lesão de alto grau apresentaram lesão de baixo grau ou citologia normal na segunda coleta. Foram positivas para HPV, 56% e 36,5% das amostras da primeira e segunda coletas, respectivamente. Foi observada boa correlação (kappa= 0,66) entre os testes de PCR e CH para detecção de HPV. Os HR-HPV foram detectados em mais de 90% das amostras de ambas as coletas, sendo os mais frequentes os HPV16, 58, 51, 52 e 53. Variante não-europeia esteve associada ao desenvolvimento de lesão cervical de alto grau, enquanto a presença de AAV foi inversamente relacionada à progressão da lesão cervical induzida por HPV. / The cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most frequent types of cancer in women worldwide, not only in incidence but also in mortality, with HPV as the etiological agent. Some HPV genotypes, termed high-risk (HR-HPV) and its gene variants are more associated with the induction of malignancy in the cervix, being HPV16 and 18 the most frequent types. Some infections of the genital tract may act as cofactor of carcinogenic progression of CC, but adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection seems to be inversely related, which may reflect a protective role in the development of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of AAV-HPV mixed infection and oncogenic variants of HPV in the progression of cervical intraepithelial and to follow the viral persistence / clearance and the relation to the progression / regression of cervical lesions. Cytological examinations were performed on cervical samples, collected in two moments, of women referred to the University Hospital Cassiano Antonio Moraes – HUCAM, and all of them received treatment as recommended. DNA was extracted using QIAamp® DNA Mini Kit commercial kit, following manufacturer's instructions. AAV DNA was investigated by PCR and nPCR and HPV by PCR and Hybrid Capture® (CH). AAV and HPV genotyping were performed by RFLP and RLB, respectively. From all the cases referred to the colposcopy clinic, 57.3% had normal cytology, 23.1% low grade intraepithelial lesions and 19.6% high-grade intraepithelial lesions. Out of the normal groups, 78% remained normal, while 22% progressed to lesion; from the cases with low-grade lesion, 74% regressed to normal cytology, while 78.6% of the cases with high-grade lesion showed low-grade lesion or normal cytology in the second collection. Fifty six percent and 36.5% of the samples were positive for HPV in the first and second samples, respectively. A good correlation (kappa = 0.66) between CH and PCR tests for HPV detection was observed. HR-HPV was detected in about 90% of the samples from both collections, the most common types were HPV16, 58, 51, 52 and 53. Non-European variants were associated with the development of high-grade cervical lesions, while AAV presence was inversely related to the progression of HPV-induced cervical lesions.

Submitted by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2014-11-13T18:51:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Texto.Mariana Andrade.pdf: 1188659 bytes, checksum: 1a216f1cab7fe31a2b376bd40b76ac57 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2014-11-24T18:23:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Texto.Mariana Andrade.pdf: 1188659 bytes, checksum: 1a216f1cab7fe31a2b376bd40b76ac57 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-24T18:23:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Texto.Mariana Andrade.pdf: 1188659 bytes, checksum: 1a216f1cab7fe31a2b376bd40b76ac57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Trata-se de uma pesquisa vivenciando uma abordagem biografemática, tendo como objetivo produzir o biografema de um acidentado por motocicleta; esse acontecimento causou transtornos que modificaram sua vida. Como contar uma vida se colocando sensível ao que passa por nossas vidas? O cenário do estudo foi o municípiode Cariacica - ES. O sujeito do estudo foi um passageiro de motocicleta residente de Cariacica, cujo acidente se deu no interior do Estado. Os instrumentos utilizados na produção domaterial do estudo foramaentrevista, a observação participante, o diário de campoe produções estéticas. O trabalho de campo se deu do período de setembro a dezembro de 2013, e constou de 3 encontros, que geraram 3 entrevistas, sete encontros online e registros de observações e afecções no diário de campo.Os encontros se deram tendo o acontecimento, um conceito de Deleuze e Guattari, como ponto de partida. Cada encontro da pesquisadora com o sujeito foi registrado em um diário de campo. As entrevistas foram gravadas e produções estéticas e gráficas foram reprografadas. Após transcrição das entrevistas, foi feito a leitura sensível das mesmas, concomitante à escuta da gravação, buscando na produção do biografema dar vazão ao que se quer contar sobre essas vidas, tendo nesta prática um corpo sensível participante da pesquisa, que ecoa essas vidas nos encontros com a cidade. A produção biografemática da parte empírica do estudo foi feito com inspirações da esquizoanálise. / This is a research which experience a biographematicapproach, aiming produceabiographeme of a person who suffered a motorcycle accident, this event caused disordes which highly affected his life. How should we tell the story of a life being also sensitive to what happens in our life? The study setting was in the city of Cariacica – ES. The study subject was a Cariacica resident motorcycle passenger whose accident occurred in a trip within the state. The instruments used in the production od material study were interviews, participant observation, field jounal and a esthetic productions. The development of the workfield was in the period of September to December 2013, and consisted of 3 meetings that generat 3 interviews, seven online meeting and the record of observations and affections in the field journal. The meetings happened takin the event (événement) – a concept bay Deleuze and Guattari – as a departing point. Each enconter between the reseacher and the subject was registered in the field journal. The interviews were audio recorded and the esthetic and graphic productions were reprographed. After transcribing the interviews, a sensitive reading of them was performed concomitant to listening to the recordings, seeking in the production of the biographeme to put forth the story we want to tell about those lives, a practice which constitute a sensitive body oarticipant of the research, echoing those lives in ecounter with the city. The biographematic production of the empirical part of the study was developed with inspirations taken from schizoanalysis.

Submitted by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2014-12-03T17:33:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23748 bytes, checksum: b92763cfc0af52c7c868455edfaf3266 (MD5) Dissertacao.Amanda Del Caro.pdf: 1480463 bytes, checksum: 42e49e49fb1fa73b45f9ba71f8da9406 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2014-12-08T19:32:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23748 bytes, checksum: b92763cfc0af52c7c868455edfaf3266 (MD5) Dissertacao.Amanda Del Caro.pdf: 1480463 bytes, checksum: 42e49e49fb1fa73b45f9ba71f8da9406 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-08T19:32:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23748 bytes, checksum: b92763cfc0af52c7c868455edfaf3266 (MD5) Dissertacao.Amanda Del Caro.pdf: 1480463 bytes, checksum: 42e49e49fb1fa73b45f9ba71f8da9406 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Este trabalho aborda aspectos referente à produção do processo de trabalho no cotidiano da gestão da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em um município do Espírito Santo, a partir dos discursos dos próprios gestores envolvidos no processo. Valoriza a discussão sobre a produção das relações institucionais neste contexto, assim como questões que dizem respeito ao processo de trabalho no dia a dia deste serviço. O percurso metodológico foi orientado pela abordagem qualitativa, sendo utilizado como instrumento metodológico para a coleta de dados a observação direta de uma equipe de ESF, a construção de um diário de campo e entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas aos gestores (secretário municipal de saúde, coordenador da atenção básica, integrante do núcleo da ESF e coordenador de unidade de saúde da família) da ESF desse município. A partir do trabalho de campo e da análise do material produzido, pode-se apreender um cotidiano marcado pelas subjetividades próprias de cada profissional, um cotidiano construído a partir das relações produzidas em cada espaço de atuação dos gestores com os profissionais de saúde e com os usuários. De maneira geral, os discursos dos gestores evidenciam um dia a dia complexo de operar. Além disso, observa-se as que as atividades voltadas para as tomadas de decisão são centradas no papel do gestor formal da instituição de saúde. O organograma da secretaria de saúde do município reforça a hierarquização das relações, principalmente as que se referem às tomadas de decisão, de forma que, pode-se observar que é um dia a dia marcado por tensões, conflitos e controle. As relações produzidas são baseadas em relações de poder, perpetuando características de uma gestão clássica, apesar da concepção e da tentativa de realizar uma gestão pautada na cogestão. / This paper discusses aspects related to the production of the work process in the daily management of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in a county of the Espírito Santo, from the speeches of the managers themselves involved in the process. This study also enhances the discussion of the production of the institutional relationships in this context. In this context, are also addressed issues that relate to the work process on the day of this service. The methodological approach was guided by the qualitative approach. Thus, it was used as a methodological tool for data collection a direct observation of a team work of FHS, a construction of a field journal and also individual semistructured interviews with managers (health commissioner, basic health care coordinator, a FHS core member and the family health center coordinator) of FHS that municipality. From the fieldwork and analysis of the material that was produced, we can learn a routine marked by own subjectivities of each professional, a routine that is built from the relationships produced in each activity scenario between managers and health professionals and between managers and users. In general, the speeches of the managers show a complex day-to-day operation. Moreover, it is observed that the activities for decision making are focusing on the role of formal health institution manager. The organization chart of the county health department reinforces the hierarchy of relationships, especially those relating to decision making, so that it can be observed that it is a day-to-day marked by tensions, conflicts and control. The relations produced are based on power relations, perpetuating characteristics of a classic management, despite the designing and the attempting to perform a management based on co-management.

The relationship that soil interred human bone has with the burial environment has implications for the survival of the organic and inorganic components, including collagen and DNA. The study of both the Chapel House Farm Medieval cemetery, Poulton, Cheshire, UK, and contemporary skeletal remains from cemeteries from Liverpool, U.K. provides new data into the environmental conditions that human bone encounters in the burial environment that are either conducive to preservation or result in complete dissolution of both the organic and inorganic bone matrix. Medieval bones from Chapel House Farm cemetery were analysed to establish the relationship between the organic and inorganic matrix of preserved human bone, and the interaction these had with their burial environment. The use of FTIR and XRF techniques proved to be effective mechanisms in assessing the relationship between the organic and inorganic molecules extracted from the different types of Medieval bone to assess their preservation. These analytical methods were able to establish the degree of soil component intrusion (movement) into the bone, the collagen content, as well as the condition of the mineral matrix of soil interred Medieval bone to be quantified using 2 mg of bone, reducing the need to destroy precious human bone samples. The results from the study of both the Medieval preserved bones from Poulton and Modern contemporary dissolved human remains from Liverpool U.K., where the remains were known to have fully dissolved within 20-30 years post interment, found that the mobility of ions including: Ca, Fe, Mg, K, and P, out of the bone into the soil, does not happen at a constant or predictable rate, but is linked to the environmental soil conditions and burial dynamics. These include: hydrology, seasonal temperature, pH of the soil, burial depth as well as the initial health and age of the individual. Soil samples from two contemporary Liverpool cemeteries were taken from 14 single graves spanning seven time periods (2000- 1850AD) at four depths (0-110cm), along with control samples. They were subjected to X-ray Fluorescence semi-quantitative analysis. The results for the concentrations of five elements: Fe, Mg, Ca, P and K, were statistically tested for trends associated with interred dissolved human remains. The concentration of these ions remained at a relatively constant level in the top soil (0-50 cm) through time. The results demonstrated a clear negative correlation between the levels of Ca and Mg with time, and depth, as well as a significant difference between these components and the control samples. The levels of Fe and K, demonstrated significant trends through two time periods at 50-110 cm, with peaks during initial decomposition and the war years (70-90 years). P demonstrated peaks at 50 and 150 years post interment at all depths. There was a statistical difference in pH of the Liverpool cemetery soils in 50-110 cm depths, and a general increase in the pH from 5-7 in the cemetery soil with relation to time. The presence of ions including: Ca, Fe, Mg, K, and P, derived from human remains from both the preserved Medieval and dissolved contemporary cemeteries persisted in the soil decades after the initial bone dissolution, making this a potentially new technique to assist in the detection of older forensic and historical soil interred human remains; and in addition provides information on the rate of release through time of chemical elements from decomposing human skeletal material.

Fingermarks have been used for centuries as a means of determining an individual’s identity and fabrics have long been considered a difficult substrate from which to visualise and collect fingermarks. This study mainly concentrated on vacuum metal deposition (VMD) and cyanoacrylate fuming (CAF), to ascertain whether these methods could visualise planted marks and consequently be used in the examination of clothing from assault cases. Nine different fabrics: cotton, polycotton, polyester, nylon, nylon-Lycra, satin, silk, rayon and linen along with fifteen donors ranging in age, sex and ability to leave fingermarks were used during this work. The donors were previously tested on paper to determine their propensity to leave fingermarks, which gave an indication as to their donor ability level – poor, medium or good. The samples were collected and processed with the appropriate technique after a determined time interval, generally, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, however this was altered for some of the trials. From the results, it was found that both VMD and CAF did visualise marks and ridge detail from latent fingermarks. VMD was found to be the most suitable technique for development of fingermarks on fabric, with gold + zinc VMD best for light coloured fabrics and silver VMD for dark. CAF also visualised several identifiable marks, even with the problems of background fluorescence from the basic yellow 40 (BY40) dye used to visualise the cyanoacrylate (CA) polymer. Generally, it appears that the smoother fabrics with a tighter weave, such as nylon and silk allowed the visualisation of more detail than rougher and/or looser weave fabrics such as cotton and linen. The latter tended only to show empty marks or marks, which gave indications of where the fabric had been touched. However, fabrics that did show marks, even if not suitable for identification, could still give information as to the sequence of events that may have occurred during an assault as well as identifying an area to tape for DNA. It was determined that it was possible to collect DNA from VMD visualised marks which led to partial and full profiles of those who touched and grabbed the test swatches or items of clothing tested. Though both VMD and CAF were affected by the addition of water to the surface of the fabrics being processed, marks and ridge detail were still detected, though CAF was less effective than VMD. With sequential treatment, it appears that the optimum sequence is VMD followed by CAF, due to enhancement of contrast between the metal deposits and BY40 yellow stained background. CAF then VMD only led to extra detail being observed on nylon-Lycra. There was limited success with 1,8-diaza-9-fluorenone (DFO), small particle reagent (SPR), ninhydrin, fluorescent powders or the sputter coater for alternative VMD metals. The production of nanoparticles was unsuccessful; so no fingermark visualisation was attempted. Finally, the issue of ridge detail being obscured by the fabric weave may have been resolved by the use of IR photography or FFT processing. In conclusion, both VMD and CAF are viable processes for the development of fingermark and palm detail on fabric, clothing and textiles. It must be considered however that the donor and fabric being processed greatly affected the level of detail visualised. However, even if ridge detail is not visualised, any marks that are present could indicate a sequence of events or act as an area to target for DNA profiling.

Human blood, saliva, semen and vaginal secretions are the main body fluids encountered at crime scenes. In the “Live-Time” era of forensic science it has become evident that the current challenge in the examination of body fluids is that non-destructive screening methods of greater specificity are required for body fluid identification compared to the presumptive tests currently utilised. Further to this, a method suitable for routine application is strongly sought after to determine the age of body fluid stains as it could enable police forces to make informed decisions regarding the relevance of forensic biological evidence recovered from crime scenes. The focus of this research was to investigate the use of analytical techniques (ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and protein analyses; SDS-PAGE and the Bradford assay) in the application of robust confirmatory body fluid identification and age determination. The findings of this research demonstrated that human blood, saliva, semen and vaginal secretions could successfully be detected and differentiated from one another when analysed with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, based on the unique spectral pattern and combination of peaks corresponding to macromolecule groups, and SDS-PAGE, based on separation patterns of various proteins within each of the body fluids. Direct ATR-FTIR spectroscopic examination of blood and vaginal secretion stains enabled successful detection and identification in stains aged up to 18 months and 6 months, respectively. In contrast, stains of saliva and semen aged up to 18 months and 9 months, respectively, could not be detected when directly analysed. However, when the stains were extracted with a simple water-based method, all four body fluids could be detected. Age determination analysis with ATR FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated that peak intensities and ratios were not appropriate variables to discriminate between body fluids stains and extracts. Successful detection of extracted blood, semen and vaginal secretion stains aged up to 7 days was also achieved with SDS-PAGE, although saliva stains were not detected when extracted. The age of extracted samples appeared to have no impact on the detection of the proteins. Furthermore, comparison of average total protein yield obtained with the Bradford assay from aged extracted body fluid stains demonstrated no correlation with protein concentration and sample age for any of the body fluids examined. Overall, this research has demonstrated the successful application of both ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and SDS-PAGE for the identification of human body fluids. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in particular has reproducibly demonstrated detection and identification of body fluids, which has great potential to be utilised in the routine screening of biological evidence due to its quick and robust application within forensic science.

No description available.

No description available.