Heat transfer during metal pouring and its solidification in the vacuum furnace have been investigated by experiments using model set of castings of different diameters and insulations. The pouring metal was Inconel 713LC alloy based on nickel. The found data have been used for optimization of the numerical simulation of the thermal regime during the both pouring and solidification phases of the process in vacuum. Numerical simulation of the alloy structure in individual castings has been made by the CAFE module of the ProCast software and obtained results compared with the real structure. The optimized boundary conditions can be used for simulation of real castings.

The topic of this thesis is the formation of microporosity in cast test bars of nickel-base superalloy Inconel 713LC during solidification. The theoretical part consists of nickel alloys, their macrostructure, the method of casting and crystallization of nickel-based superalloys. The second part is devoted to the design of casting conditions, the production of shell molds, the size and shape of grains, evaluation of microporosity by various available methods, comparing the influence of grain size and the proportion of microporosity on the resulting values of the mechanical tests. Experiments were carried out in cooperation with PBS Velká Bíteš and ÚST foundry department.

La mise en place de politiques de « reconquête » des bords d’eau marque aujourd’hui le nouvel engouement de l’Europe Rhénane pour son fleuve. Les villes de Bâle et de Strasbourg redécouvrent le Rhin et ses rivages, dont elles avaient dénié toute qualité urbaine, pour en faire désormais un atout majeur dans leur politique de développement et d’aménagement global. Les nombreux exemples de revalorisation en cours posent la question de l’existence d’un modèle commun d’aménagement des berges et des fronts d’eau. Notre étude s’inscrit dans une perspective comparative à l’échelle Européenne. A partir de cela, nous avons évalué le processus du retour au fleuve par le biais du paysage. Le recours à différents axes d’analyse a eu pour objectif de mesurer le degré d’intégration du fleuve dans la structure des villes étudiées. Le regard sur des projets régionaux récents, relatifs au Rhin, et le recueil de récits d’acteurs, nous a permis d’articuler les différentes représentations du fleuve pour une vision plus concrète. Cette étude nous emmène sur les traces d’une histoire culturelle qui mesure l’importance des facteurs politiques, économiques et sociaux par rapport au cours d’eau. / The establishment of policies to “reconquer” the edges of water, marked today the new craze of the Rhenish Europe for its river. Cities as Basel, Strasbourg… etc… are rediscovering the Rhine and its shores which they had denied the whole urban quality, to make it now, a major asset in their development policy and their overall development. The many examples of the current revaluation raise the question of the existence of a common model concerning the development of the shores and the fronts of water. Our study is part of a comparative perspective on a European scale. From this point, we have evaluated the process of return to the river through the landscape. The recourse to various axes of analysis aimed to determine the integration level of the river in the structure of the cities studied. The look, on many recent regional projects, relating to the Rhine and the participants’ collection of stories have enabled us to articulate the different representations of the river in order to get a more complete vision about. This study takes us on the traces of a cultural history which evaluates the importance of political, economic and social factors in relation to the river.