Conservation strategies are mainly focused on species existing in an environment shaped by natural and anthropogenic pressures. Yet, evidence shows that climate is changing faster than ever and expected to continue to change in the near future, which can be devastating for plants with restricted ranges. Turkey harbors many endemic species that might be affected from these changes. However, available data is scarce and biased, complicating the anticipation of future changes. Aim of this study is to improve our understanding of endemic species distributions and forecasting effects of climate change via species distribution modelling (SDM). The study is based on two Anatolian (Crocus ancyrensis and Crataegus tanacetifolia) and two Ankara (Salvia aytachii and Centaurea tchihatcheffii) endemics. Independent presence and absence data (ranging between 19-68 and 38-61, respectively) for each species was collected through fieldwork in and around the Upper Sakarya Basin in 2008 and 2009. With the software Maxent, SDMs were performed by using 8 least correlated environmental features and random presence records (of which 25% were used for confusion matrix). SDMs for current distributions of C. ancyrensis, C. tchihatcheffii and C. tanacetifolia were reliable enough for future extrapolations despite errors originating from scale, non-equilibrium status and biotic interactions, respectively. The model for S. aytachii failed due to absence of limiting factor (soil type) in the model. Future projections of those three species modelled using CCCMA-CGCM2 and HADCM3 climate models indicated three possible responses to climate change: (1) Extinction, especially for habitat specialists / (2) Range expansion, especially for generalist species / and (3) Range contradiction, especially for Euro-Siberian mountainous species. Species modelling can be used to understand possible responses of plant species to climate change in Turkey. Modelling techniques should to be improved, however, especially by integrating other parameters such as biotic interactions and through a better understanding of uncertainties.

Probiotics are viable microorganisms that show beneficial effects on the health of the host by improving their intestinal microflora. The microorganisms applied as probiotics mainly include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. Probiotics can inhibit the bacterial pathogens, reduce serum cholesterol levels, improve lactose tolerance and stimulate the immune response. They also have other properties such as / tolerance to acid and bile salts, adherence to gastrointestinal cells for colonization, resistance to antibiotics and &beta / -galactosidase acitivity. The properties of probiotic products are determined by the characteristics of the microorganisms they contain. For that reason, isolation and characterization of new strains having probiotic properties is an important issue. New strains are generally isolated from their natural habitats which are fermented dairy products such as kefir. In order to exert beneficial health affects in the digestive system, commercial probiotic products should contain adequate numbers of viable cells. Probiotic microorganisms should protect their viability during their shelf storage. Therefore, the viability of probiotics is especially important for food manufacturers that search for new probiotic strains with good survival and stability properties upon storage. In this study, probiotic microorganisms were isolated from traditional kefir grains known as a &lsquo / complex probiotic&rsquo / . The isolates were firstly identified using biochemical tests, then the putative species belonging to &lsquo / Lactobacillus acidophilus group&rsquo / were identified with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Analysis of sequencing resulted in differentiation of &ldquo / L. acidophilus group&rdquo / organisms, namely L. amylovorus and L. acidophilus. Moreover, typing of commercial and traditional L. acidophilus strains and L. amylovorus strains were performed with RAPD-PCR by using primer M13. While several L. acidophilus strains showed different RAPD fingerprints most of the L. acidophilus and L. amylovorus strains could not be differentiated due to high similarity of their RAPD fingerprints. Following identification, survival of these isolates in probiotic yogurt preparations were investigated and compared to the survival of commercial probiotics. Consequently, although the survival of kefir grain isolates were less than commercial probiotics, they sustained the minimum recommended level for probiotics (106 cfu/ml) during cold storage. Such level of survival makes them considerably good candidates to be used as commercial probiotic cultures.

In 1719, Daniel Defoe wrote his first fiction The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe without knowing that the protagonist of the novel, Robinson Crusoe, would be liberated from his cultural matrix and deployed as a dominant economic metaphor with the advent of the so-called marginalist revolution in the second half of the nineteenth century. This thesis intends to: i) with reference to an habits of thought approach, unearth the institutional nature of the metamorphosis of Crusoe from a figure of the literary realm to the economic man of neoclassical economics, and ii) based on a rereading of Defoe&rsquo / s original text, offer an alternative reinterpretation which would turn upside down the prevalent presuppositions of neoclassical economics portraying an isolated, universal and axiomatically rational Crusoe. Accordingly, in this study, Crusoe is presented as a specific time- and space-bound human being preserving and perpetuating his institutionally forged character traits even during his sojourn on the &lsquo / institution-free&rsquo / uninhabited island / a methodological and expeditious man, whose rationality was based not on the fulfillment of axioms but on reasoning / and an entrepreneur aiming at economic development through innovation.

Hydrogen, which is a clean energy source, is one of the alternatives for fossil fuels. Biological hydrogen production is one of the hydrogen production methods. Rhodobacter capsulatus is a photosynthetic bacterium that produces hydrogen via photofermentation. R. capsulatus can also synthesize some valuable by-products such as Poly-beta- hydroxy butyric acid (PHB), which is a biodegradable bioplastic. In a two stage biohydrogen production system, which is combination of dark fermentation and photofermentation, dark fermentor effluents are used for photofermentation by R.capsulatus. Dark fermentor effluents usually contain high amount of acetate. High amount of acetate may decrease the efficiency of hydrogen production by causing high amount of PHB production. Therefore, it is significant to determine optimum acetate concentration for photofermentation. In this study, the effects of acetate concentration on hydrogen and PHB production by R.capsulatus were investigated by growing bacteria at various acetate concentrations (10 mM-65 mM). In addition, gene expression analysis was performed to investigate the effects of acetate at transcriptional level. For this purpose, expression levels of the genes that encode nitrogenase which is the enzyme that catalyzes hydrogen production and PHB synthase, which is the key enzyme of the PHB synthesis pathway, are examined. Optimum acetate concentration for photofermentation with high hydrogen yield and low PHB amount was determined to be in the range 25 mM-50 mM. nifD expression was found to be high at optimum acetate concentrations and phaC expression was found to be the highest at 65 mM.

Ancient Egyptian belief in an afterlife influenced a wide variety of architectural and art forms. In the Eighteenth Dynasty at Thebes, non-royal officials were equipped with tombs that were decorated to aid in their everlasting sustenance and rebirth in the hereafter as well as commemorate them to living visitors. Part of this continuation of life involved the participation of the funerary cult of the deceased, as well as the prompting of visitors to speak the owner’s name and provide the required offerings—allowing (and encouraging) public access to the decorated tomb chapel. However, some visitors wished to harm the deceased’s perpetuation of life. In order to obliterate the memory of the tomb owner in the minds of the living and his existence in the afterlife, enemies carefully hacked the tomb owner’s images out of the decoration program in an act of damnatio memoriae. The owners of Theban tombs 66, 75, and 76 fell victim to this intentional destruction by contemporary hands.

The paradigm of aquatic food webs has undergone fundamental revision over the past twenty years. Research suggests that a significant proportion of organic material and energy in aquatic ecosystems flows through a "microbial loop" before passage into the classic aquatic food web. Unique Antarctic conditions mean such "bottom-up" control can be of extreme importance during the austral winter. In order to investigate this, the microbial communities and physico-chemical properties of three saline lakes in the Vestfold Hills, eastern Antarctica, Ace, Highway and Rookery, were investigated between December 1995 and February 1997 . The lakes of the Vestfold Hills were formed approximately 8000 years ago following a period of post-glacial marine transgression, which isolated seawater in glacially scoured basins. Post-formation, the chemistry and biology of this isolated seawater underwent significant changes creating a suite of lakes and ponds with highly varied chemical and biological compositions. This study was concerned with meromictic Ace Lake in particular. Physico-chemical results demonstrated that the lake was highly stratified. An upper, nutrient-poor mixolimnion was separated by a thermoclinelhalocline from a lower, nutrient-replete monimolimnion. The monimolimnion was further stratified in terms of oxygen; an oxycline separated an oxic upper stratum from an anoxic lower stratum. At the oxycline, organic substrate sedimenting from above and inorganic nutrients diffusing from below were entrained. This stable stratification exerted a profound influence on the microbial dynamics of Ace Lake. Over the course of its evolution the microbial food web of Ace Lake was truncated and a simple, low diversity community of bacteria, algae and Protozoa, with a paucity of metazoan zooplankton, now dominates. This evolutionary process was illustrated by the intermediate diversity of the protozoan community in recently formed, Rookery Lake. The most dominant micro-organisms in Ace Lake were those which were highly motile and employed versatile nutritional strategies, such as mixotrophy, to remain physiologically active during the austral winter. Ace Lake is an oligotrophic system which receives negligible allochthonous inputs of organic carbon and inorganic nutrients. However, a simple model of the carbon flux within Ace Lake highlighted the fact that autotrophic production within the plankton was insufficient alone to maintain the level of heterotrophic activity observed. Instead, the microbial plankton were dependent on regenerative fluxes of inorganic nutrients and slow-turnover autochthonous carbon, consistent with the concept of the microbial loop.

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία παρουσιάζεται η μέθοδος της αναγνώρισης του μη γραμμικού δυναμικού συστήματος της καρδιαγγειακής ρύθμισης. Συγκεκριμένα, αυτή η μέθοδος εστιάζει στην αναγνώριση του Heart Rate Baroreflex μηχανισμού (ή αντίδραση πιεσοϋποδοχέα του καρδιακού παλμού) μέσω παρατηρήσεων της καρδιακής πίεσης η οποία αποτελεί την είσοδο και του καρδιακού παλμού ο οποίος αποτελεί την έξοδο του προς αναγνώριση συστήματος. Το μοντέλο αυτό βασίζεται στα έμφυτα χαρακτηριστικά του αυτόνομου νευρικού συστήματος, για την απεικόνιση των οποίων αναπτύσσουμε ένα προσαρμοζόμενο νεύρο-ασαφές σύστημα (ANFIS). Αυτή η μέθοδος μας επιτρέπει να ενσωματώσουμε τις φυσιολογικές λειτουργίες του νευρικού μας συστήματος όπως την συμπαθητική και παρασυμπαθητική, δια μέσου της επιλογής κατάλληλων συναρτήσεων συμμετοχής, οι οποίες αντικατοπτρίζουν επακριβώς, την συμπεριφορά των παραπάνω νεύρων για το προσαρμοζόμενο νεύρο-ασαφές σύστημα. Τα αποτελέσματα συμφωνούν με τα φυσικά χαρακτηριστικά του καρδιαγγειακού μηχανισμού ρύθμισης, όπως καθυστέρηση κατά την λειτουργία των παρασυμπαθητικών νευρών, διάρκεια κατά την λειτουργία των συμπαθητικών και διόρθωση ανάμεσα στο σήμα του καρδιακού παλμού και της καρδιακής ρύθμισης. Η σωστή εκτίμηση του Heart Rate Baroreflex μηχανισμού επιτρέπει στους κλινικούς γιατρούς να έχουν πιο αξιόπιστες πληροφορίες για τους ασθενείς τους. / This thesis presents the method of identification of nonlinear dynamic system of cardiovascular regulation. Specifically , this method focuses on the identification of the Heart Rate Baroreflex (or Baroreceptor Reflex ) mechanism by observation of the arterial blood pressure which is the input and heart rate which is the output of the system. This model is based on the inherent characteristics of the autonomic nervous system, so we develop an adaptive neuro- fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to represent them. This method allows us to incorporate the physiological functions of our nervous system, such as sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, through the selection of appropriate membership functions , which reflect accurately the behavior of these nerves for the adaptive neuro- fuzzy system . The results agree with the natural characteristics and physiological understanding of the cardiovascular regulatory system, such as delay in the parasympathetic function, durability in the function of sympathetic nerves and the correlation between the heart rate and the arterial blood pressure signals. Proper assessment of Heart Rate Baroreflex mechanism allows clinicians to have more reliable information for their patients.

Η παρουσία λευκωματουρίας αποτελεί δυσμενή προγνωστικό παράγοντα για τους ασθενείς με σπειραματονεφρίτιδα (ΣΝ) χωρίς εντούτοις αυτό να επιβεβαιώνεται πάντα. Συνεπώς, είναι επιβεβλημένη η εύρεση περισσότερο ειδικών προγνωστικών δεικτών που να αντανακλούν τη διαδικασία επούλωσης της βλάβης ή εξέλιξής της σε ίνωση. Σκοπός, της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η αναγνώριση πρώιμων δεικτών εξέλιξης της νεφρικής βλάβης σε ασθενείς με σημαντικού βαθμού λευκωματουρία. Ως τέτοιοι προγνωστικοί δείκτες μελετήθηκαν η έκφραση της τρανσγελίνης (SM22) και της τρανσγλουταμινάσης–2 (TG2). Η SM22 είναι μια πρωτεΐνη που εκφράζεται στα λεία μυϊκά κύτταρα και αποτελεί δείκτη της επιθήλιο-μεσεγχυματικής μετάπτωσης. Η TG2 αποτελεί ένα ένζυμο που επάγει τη νεφρική ίνωση μεταβάλλοντας την ομοιόσταση της εξωκυτταρίου θεμέλιας ουσίας. Η έκφραση της SM22 μελετήθηκε με τη μέθοδο της ανοσοϊστοχημείας και του ανοσοφθορισμού, σε νεφρικές βιοψίες 67 ασθενών με διάφορους τύπους ΣΝ, και συσχετίστηκε με την κλινική τους πορεία μετά πάροδο πενταετούς παρακολούθησης. Επιπλέον, εξετάστηκε με τη μέθοδο του συνεντοπισμού, κατά πόσον η έκφραση της SM22 συμπίπτει με αυτήν της α–ακτίνης των λείων μυϊκών ινών (α–SMA). Η έκφραση της TG–2 μελετήθηκε με ανοσοφθορισμό σε νεφρικές βιοψίες από 32 ασθενείς με μεμβρανώδη νεφροπάθεια (ΜΝ). Όλοι οι ασθενείς με ΜΝ έλαβαν αγωγή με κορτικοειδή και κυκλοσπορίνη για 24 μήνες και σε 14 από αυτούς διενεργήθηκε επαναληπτική βιοψία και έγινε περαιτέρω μελέτη της TG2. Ως ομάδα ελέγχου για την έκφραση των παραπάνω μορίων χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τομές από υγιείς περιοχές νεφρών. Από τους 67 ασθενείς που μελετήθηκε η έκφραση της SM22, οι 46 διατήρησαν σταθερή νεφρική λειτουργία. Στις βιοψίες ελέγχου η έκφραση της SM22 περιορίστηκε στο τοίχωμα των αγγείων ενώ στους ασθενείς με ΣΝ επεκτάθηκε εντός των σπειραμάτων και του διάμεσου χώρου. Η SM22 βρέθηκε να σχετίζεται με το βαθμό σπειραματικής σκλήρυνσης και ίνωσης του διάμεσου χώρου, με το βαθμό μεσαγγειακής υπερπλασίας και την έκβαση της νεφρικής λειτουργίας. Η μελέτη συνεντοπισμού της SM22 και της α-SMA ανέδειξε περιοχές όπου οι δύο πρωτεΐνες εκφράζονταν ταυτόχρονα ενώ σε άλλες κάθε πρωτεΐνη εκφραζόταν χωριστά. Κατά το διάστημα παρακολούθησης οι 22 από τους 32 ασθενείς με ΜΝ παρουσίασαν σταθερή νεφρική λειτουργία. Η έκφραση της TG2 βρέθηκε αυξημένη στις βιοψίες των ασθενών με ΜΝ σε σχέση με την ομάδα ελέγχου. Η έκφραση της TG2 στις βιοψίες διάγνωσης ήταν περισσότερο αυξημένη στους ασθενείς με πιο έντονη διάμεση ίνωση και σπειραματική σκλήρυνση. Τέλος, η TG2 βρέθηκε αυξημένη στους περισσότερους ασθενείς στην επαναληπτική βιοψία, ενώ οι ασθενείς που παρουσίαζαν έντονη αύξηση της διάμεσης ίνωσης στην επαναληπτική βιοψία είχαν και εντονότερη έκφραση της TG2 κατά τη διάγνωση της νόσου. Συμπερασματικά, η έκφραση της SM22 βρέθηκε αυξημένη στο νεφρικό ιστό ασθενών με ΣΝ, ενώ η μελέτη συνεντοπισμού της SM22 και της α–SMA ανέδειξε την παρουσία πιθανώς διαφορετικών υποπληθυσμών μυοϊνοβλαστών. Όσον αφορά την TG2, η έντονη έκφραση της στο νεφρικό ιστό ασθενών με ΜΝ, η οποία καθίσταται εντονότερη μετά τη χορήγηση ανοσοκατασταλτικής αγωγής, υποδηλώνει τη συμμετοχή της TG2 στους μηχανισμούς βλάβης και εξέλιξης της ΜΝ. Επιπρόσθετα, η πρώιμη ανίχνευση της TG2 πιθανόν να έχει ιδιαίτερη σημασία στη ΜΝ καθώς η αυξημένη έκφρασή της φαίνεται να προηγείται της διάμεσης ίνωσης. / It is well established that albuminuria is an unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with various types of glomerulonephritis (GN), however, this is not observed in all patients. It is therefore important to identify more specific prognostic markers that reflect the healing process of injury or the progression to fibrosis. The aim of this study was to identify early markers of progression to renal injury in patients with significant degree of albuminuria. As such markers the expression of transgelin (SM22) and transglutaminase–2 (TG2) was studied. SM22 is expressed specifically in smooth muscle cells and is an early marker of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. TG–2 is an enzyme that contributes to renal scarring through altering extracellular matrix homeostasis. SM22 was studied in 67 patients with various kinds of GN and a 5 year follow up. SM22 was identified in kidney sections at the time of diagnosis using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. SM22 expression was examined concerning its correlation with the clinical course of GNs. The expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (a–SMA) and co-localization with SM22 was also investigated. TG2 expression was studied by immunofluorescence in kidney sections from 32 patients with MN. These MN patients were subsequently treated by combination of cyclosporine and prednisolone for 24 months with a repeat biopsy taken in 14. Kidney sections from the normal part of kidneys were used as normal controls for the expression of the aforementioned molecules. Forty six out of 67 patients, that transgelin was studied, showed stable renal function. In control biopsies SM22 and a-SMA were restricted to vascular wall whereas in patients with GN expression was extended within glomeruli and the interstitium. SM22 expression correlated to the degree of glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis, to the degree of mesangial proliferation and renal function outcome. Double staining for co-localization of both SMM22 and a-SMA showed that in some areas of kidney tissue both proteins were identified whereas in other areas the expression of either SM22 or a-SMA was predominant. Twenty two out of 32 patients with MN showed stable renal function. TG2 immunostaining was increased in sections from patients with MN compared to healthy controls. TG2 at diagnosis was more intense in patients with more severe interstitial fibrosis and advanced glomerular sclerosis. TG2 significantly increased in most patients in the repeat biopsies whereas patients that showed a marked increase in interstitial fibrosis in the repeat biopsy had significantly more TG2 expression in the first biopsy. In conclusion, intense SM22 expression was observed in the renal tissue of patients with different types of GN. The co-localization study of SM22 and a–SMA suggests that different subpopulations of myofibroblasts might be involved in the development of kidney injury. As far it concerns TG2, its’ expression is increased in MN patients and continues to increase despite treatment which is suggestive of its’ involvement in the development and progression of renal scarring. Moreover, early detection of TG2 might be of value in MN since increased TG2 production seems to precede extensive interstitial fibrosis.

Στην παρούσα Διπλωματική Εργασία μελετάται η ανάπτυξη ενός μοντέλου προσομοίωσης αλληλεπίδρασης ρευστού-στερεού για τον προσδιορισμό ρευστοδυναμικών παραμέτρων (Wall Shear Stress, Von Mises Stress κ.α.) μέσω των οποίων θα μπορεί μελλοντικά να προβλεφθεί η ρήξη ή όχι ενός ενδοκρανιακού ανευρύσματος. Αρχικά γίνεται μια σύντομη παρουσίαση του ιατρικού προβήματος ώστε να γίνει κατανοητή η σπουδαιότητα της ανάπτυξης του υπολογιστικού μοντέλου με σκοπό τον υπολογισμό παραμέτρων οι οποίες μπορούν να φανούν χρήσιμες. Κατά τη διάρκεια ανάπτυξης του μοντέλου αξιοποιήθηκαν πραγματικά δεδομένα απεικονιστικών διατάξεων ασθενών του Αττικού Πανεπιστημιακού Γενικού Νοσο- κομείου. Εν συνεχεία, η επεξεργασία των εικόνων αυτών διεξήχθει στο λογισμικό ανοιχτού κώδικα VMTK (Vascular Modeling Toolkit) από όπου προήλθε και η τρισδιάστα- τη ανακατασκευη τους. Στο επόμενο στάδιο, οι γεωμετρίες που προέκυψαν από την επεξεργασία εικόνας εισήχθησαν στο λογισμικό εμπορικού κώδικα ANSYS όπου και αναπτύχθηκε το υπολογιστικό μοντέλο το οποίο περιείχε και την αλληλεπίδραση ρευστού και στερεού (FSI). Αξίζει να αναφερθεί το γεγονός ότι το μοντέλο που αναπτύχθηκε περιείχε κινούμενα στοιχεία πλέγματος (Moving Mesh), τα οποία συμβάλλουν στον ακριβέστερο υπολογισμό και αποτύπωση παραμέτρων που υπολογίστηκαν στη συνέχεια. Τέλος αναφέρονται κάποιοι μελλοντικοί στόχοι και προοπτικές μέσω των αποτελεσ- μάτων που προέκυψαν από την ανάλυση του μοντέλου. / In the present M.Sc thesis we are studying the development of a numerical model that simulates fluid-solid interaction for determining fluid dynamics parameters (Wall Shear Stress, Von Mises Stress etc) through which through which could be predicted the rupture or not of an intracranial aneurysm. First, a brief presentation of the medical problem is being made, to understand the importance of developing the computational model in order to calculate parameters which can be useful. During the development of the model, real imaging data from CT scans taken from patients of Attikon General University Hospital were exploited. Thereafter, the processing of these images was performed in the open-source software VMTK (Vascular Modeling Toolkit) from where came the three-dimensional reconstruction. In the next step, the geometries obtained from the image processing have been introduced in the commercial software ANSYS where the computational model that contains the interaction of fluid and solid has been developed (FSI). It is worth mentioning that the model developed, contained moving mesh elements, which contribute to more accurate calculation and mapping of parameters which were calculated after. Finally, some future objectives and prospects are being referred, through the results obtained from the analysis of the model.

Ο καρκίνος του μαστού αποτελεί μία από τις συχνότερα εμφανιζόμενες μορφές καρκίνου παγκοσμίως και είναι η πρώτη σε αριθμό κρουσμάτων στο γυναικείο πληθυσμό. Υπολογίζεται ότι στην Ελλάδα κάθε χρόνο προσβάλλονται από καρκίνο του μαστού 4500 γυναίκες και χάνουν τη ζωή τους 1500, ενώ υπολογίζεται ότι 1 στις 8 γυναίκες παγκοσμίως θα παρουσιάσει καρκίνο μαστού σε κάποια φάση της ζωής της. Είναι ενδιαφέρον ότι, στην Ευρώπη, το 60% των κρουσμάτων καρκίνου του μαστού διαγιγνώσκεται σε πρώιμο στάδιο – ποσοστό που στην Ελλάδα μόλις και μετά βίας εγγίζει το 5%. Τα στοιχεία αυτά καταδεικνύουν πόσο ελλιπής είναι η σχετική ενημέρωση μεταξύ των Ελληνίδων, γεγονός εξαιρετικά λυπηρό, αν λάβουμε υπόψη τις δυνατότητες πλήρους ίασης που παρέχει μία έγκαιρη διάγνωση. Τα ποσοστά θανάτου από καρκίνο του μαστού χαρακτηρίζονται από πτωτική τάση από τις αρχές του 1990, με τις μεγαλύτερες μειώσεις να εντοπίζονται στις γυναίκες κάτω των 50. Οι ερευνητές αποδίδουν την πτώση αυτή στην έγκαιρη διάγνωση μέσω μαστογραφιών καθώς και στις βελτιώσεις που έχουν επέλθει στις σχετικές θεραπευτικές αγωγές. Ο αριθμός των ατόμων που έχουν αντιμετωπίσει με επιτυχία τον καρκίνο του μαστού αυξάνεται συνεχώς - από τον Ιανουάριο του 2006, υπήρξαν περίπου 2,5 εκατομμύρια γυναίκες στις ΗΠΑ που, βάσει της έκθεσης, έχουν ξεπεράσει με επιτυχία την περιπέτεια του καρκίνου του μαστού. Το κλειδί για την επιτυχή καταπολέμηση του καρκίνου του μαστού είναι η πρώιμη ανίχνευση. Ο έγκαιρος εντοπισμός επιτυγχάνεται με διάφορες διαγνωστικές τεχνικές όπως η μαστογραφία, το σπινθηρογράφημα, το υπερηχογράφημα κ.α. Στη διπλωματική αυτή εργασία γίνεται προσπάθεια περιγραφής μια πειραματικής τεχνικής που βασίζεται στη θερμοκρασία της επιφάνειας του μαστού και που έχει ως σκοπό να λειτουργήσει συμπληρωματικά στις υπόλοιπες διαγνωστικές μεθόδους. / The breast cancer is one of the most common kinds of cancer worldwide and the first in incidence counts among women. It is estimated that 4500 women in Greece are diagnosed with breast cancer every year and 1500 die from breast cancer, while about 1 in 8 women worldwide will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime. It is interesting that in Europe the 60% of the breast cancer incidence counts is diagnosed in an early stage, while in Greece this percentage barely reaches the 5%. These data reveal how deficient the decreased awareness among Greek women, which is really sad considering the chances for a full recovery in case of early detection. Breast cancer death rates began decreasing since 1990, with larger decreases in women under 50. These decreases are thought to be the result of treatment advances, earlier detection through screening, and increased awareness. The amount of people that have survived breast cancer is constantly increasing. Since January of 2006, more than 2,5 million women in the United States have been treated for breast cancer. The key for the successful prevention and treatment of breast cancer is the early detection. The early detection is achieved with various diagnostic screening techniques such as mammography, scintigraph, ultrasound etc. In this diploma thesis an experimental method which is based on breast surface temperature is being described and its purpose is to work supplementary with the rest of methods.