Museum; ; Park; Science Museum; Technology; ; Museology; Sciences and technology; , National Museum; Concytec / Este proyecto de tesis es una exploración de la creación de un Museo de gran complejidad que por su definición y carácter tendrá el nombre de Parque-Museo Interactivo de Ciencia y Tecnología. El Museo Interactivo es un centro para la difusión de la Ciencia y la Tecnología que brinda una alternativa de apoyo al aprendizaje formal, lo cual complementa y refuerza el conocimiento adquirido en las aulas, a la vez que fomenta la creatividad en un ambiente divertido. Está dirigido para estudiantes, científicos y ciudadanos interesados en la ciencia y tecnología. Por otro lado, al concebir y diseñar una exhibición, se trata que sea accesible para todo tipo de público. Asimismo, la tipología de este museo de ciencia y tecnología es la de un Parque de Ciencia”, que consiste en reflejar la imagen de un museo dentro de un parque. Por tal motivo se considera mucho el espacio que permita experimentar el exterior con el interior, por ello se utiliza diferentes elementos como los desniveles para crear una topografía de áreas verdes y servicios públicos complementarios al museo, así brindando un espacio público recreativo. / This thesis project is an exploration of the creation of a Museum of great complexity that by its definition and character will have the name of Interactive Park-Museum of Science and Technology. The Interactive Museum is a center for the dissemination of Science and Technology that provides an alternative to support formal learning, which complements and reinforces the knowledge acquired in the classroom, while encouraging creativity in a fun environment. It is aimed at students, scientists and citizens interested in science and technology. On the other hand, when conceiving and designing an exhibition, it is intended that it be accessible to all types of public. Also, the typology of this science and technology museum is that of a Science Park ", which consists of reflecting the image of a museum inside a park. For this reason it is considered much space to experience the exterior with the interior, so it uses different elements such as unevenness to create a topography of green areas and public services complementary to the museum, thus providing a recreational public space. / Tesis

The aim of this thesis was to prepare, implement and evaluate an excursion as one of the organization forms of fieldtrips for lower secondary pupils from schools in Znojmo benefiting from the natural site of the National Park Podyjí, in specific the location called Kraví hora. In this case, it is a botanical the med field trip. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with general characteristics of the National Park Podyjí from various nature views highlighting its specially protected areas. This is followed by a description of specific field trip aspects and the most frequently used teaching methods together. The practical part contains, among other things, methodological instructions for teachers and pupils as well as didactic materials (worksheets, didactic test), included in the appendix. Questionnaire surveys for pupils and teachers are part of the last empirical chapter. The aim of the questionnaire was to record and evaluate thoughts, feelings and attitudes of pupils from the lower secondary school to the specific field trip, its implementation and overall organization. The aim of subsequently submitted didactic tests was to observe and reveal the effectiveness of the field trip teaching. The aim of the questionnaire, given to teachers, was to monitor their standpoints in relation to...

My dissertation, entitled, The Origin of Korean Trauerspiel: Gwangju, Stasis, Justice, argues that the vertiginous vicissitudes of contemporary South Korea since 1997 can be best described in terms of what Walter Benjamin calls Trauerspiel, or Mourning Play. This project identifies the 15-year period as the time-space of a series of suspended and thwarted mourning, in which death, be it in the past or present, hardly partakes of the economy of justice or sacrifice as it putatively does in tragedy in view of a new community to come. Drawing attention to the peculiar interplay between two contemporary catalysts of stasis, or civil war, i.e., the special amnesty granted in 1997 to ex-President Chun Doo-Hwan for his executive role in the Gwangju Massacre in May 1980 and the U.S. War on Terror since 2002, for which 3 Korean civilian hostages were kidnapped and brutally executed in 2004 and 2007, I argue that both serve to render naught the sublime causes (e.g. Democracy, Justice, and Peace) as well as human lives sacrificed in relation to them, generating a genuine crisis of politics and ethics. By analyzing contemporary Korean cinema (e.g. films by Park Chan-wook, Bong Jun-ho, and Kim Jee-woon) and literature (e.g. Kim Hoon) of this period as allegory of this crisis, I show how attempts at doing justice are complicated and increasingly frustrated by progressive dissolution of a series of traditional distinctions between Victim and Perpetrator, Friend and Enemy, and Justice and Vengeance, leading to universal failures of mourning, only to constitute a vast singular Trauerspiel, or Mourning Play.

Natural hazards have been an increasing problem in wildland recreation areas. This study attempted to identify factors affecting park visitor perception of and preparedness for hazards. A model was formulated incorporating three major independent variables which might affect park visitor responses to hazards. These were: (1) previous experience, (2) information about hazards provided by the park administration (such as warnings located on signs or in brochures), and (3) visitor perception of whether responsibility for hazards rests with the individual or with an outside authority such as government or God. Trip length and knowledge of hazards were also thought to be factors influencing visitor behavior. The model was tested during the summer of 1976 in four study areas: Arches National Park, Canyonlands National Park, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, and the High Uintas Primitive Area. Personal interviews and questionnaires were used to obtain the data. The results showed that the set of influences upon visitor behavior varied with each park studied. In general, however, hazard warnings and visitor perceptions of where responsibility for hazards lay had no influence upon visitor behavior. In contrast, previous experience, trip length, and visitor knowledge about hazards had important influences upon visitor preparations for hazards.

The landscape evolution of the northeastern Uinta Mountains and the manner in which climatic and tectonic forcing have influenced it are not well constrained. Surficial deposits covering ~325 km2 below the glacial termini in the Henrys Fork and ~50 km2 along the Green River in western Browns Park were mapped at 1:24,000 scale to develop a Quaternary stratigraphic framework for the northeastern Uinta Mountains. The Henrys Fork mapping area spans from late Wisconsinan moraines to Flaming Gorge Reservoir. The Henrys Fork stratigraphy contains 10 mainstem gravels, six piedmont gravels, and landslide deposits. Terraces preserved along the Henrys Fork converge downstream and are strath terraces underlain by clast-supported, cobble gravel derived from the Uinta Mountain Group and Paleozoic limestone units. The Henrys Fork terrace stratigraphy was correlated to the Wind River terrace stratigraphy for age control, and incision rates were estimated at 80-110 m/m.y. The Browns Park mapping area includes Little Hole and continues through lower Red Canyon into westernmost Browns Park, ending at the Warren Draw-Swallow Canyon quadrangle boundary. The Browns Park stratigraphy includes eight mainstem gravels, five piedmont gravels, and various landslide, colluvial, and eolian deposits. A tuffaceous bed with Lava Creek Bash (640 ka) was identified near the top of a deposit at Little Hole that was previously mapped as Miocene basin fill. Minimum Green River incision rates were estimated between 90 and 115 m/m.y. using the Lava Creek Bash for age control. These rates are comparable to estimates for the Henrys Fork, but are about half of the rates reported for the south flank of the Uintas and other central Rocky Mountain ranges. A series of three distinct deposits in western Browns Park are interpreted as evidence for the landslide impoundment and subsequent outburst flooding of the Green River. These include slackwater deposits at Little Hole, an outburst flood deposit in western Browns Park, and a large paleolandslide deposit that lies between them. Estimates of sediment accumulation rates behind the paleolandslide dam suggest it was stable for ~605 years. Peak discharge estimates from impounded water volume estimates and paleoflow competence indicators suggest that the resulting outburst flood was ~22,000 m3/s.

Jay B. Starkey Wilderness Park, located in southwestern Pasco County, Florida, contains nearly 7,689.06 hectares (19,000 acres) and includes 18 natural communities. A floristic inventory was conducted on approximately 404.69 hectares (1,000 acres) within Jay B. Starkey Wilderness Park which included 11 community types. A comparison of those 11 communities in the study area with the rest of the park shows that the dominant community types do occur within the study site, making it representative of the entire park. The objective of this study conducted from May 2003 to October 2004 was to compile a list of the vascular plant taxa found within the study area to be used by the Southwest Water Management District to help in their management regimes. A total of 475 taxa were collected, representing 104 families, and 269 genera. Of these 436 are native taxa, 16 endemic taxa, 39 non-native taxa, 32 county records, 7 listed taxa, and 5 commercially exploited taxa. Each natural community is described and an annotated list of the vascular plant taxa is presented.

Diese Arbeit untersucht die systematische Verbreitung der Brutpflege bei südostasiatischen Buckelzirpen (Homoptera: Membracidae) sowie verhaltensökologische Aspekte dieses Verhaltens bei Pyrgauchenia tristaniopsis. Ergänzend dazu wurden Aspekte der Taxonomie, Lebensgeschichte, Reproduktionsbiologie und Morphometrie dieser Art untersucht, deren Kenntnis für die Interpretation des Brutpflegeverhaltens erforderlich waren. Die Ergebnisse (1) widersprechen der starken Version der Semelparitie-Hypothese (ein Fortpflanzungsereignis pro Fortpflanzungsperiode als Voraussetzung für Brutpflege bei Insekten), und sie zeigen, dass (2) Brutpflege bei altweltlichen Centrotinae - entgegen früherer Vermutungen - keine Ausnahme ist. Außerdem konnten erstmals einige grundlegende Aspekte der Biologie eines südostasiatischen Vertreters der Familie Membracidae geklärt werden. Aufsammlungen in der bodennahen Vegetation wurden in 16 Untersuchungsgebieten in West-Malaysia und Sabah (Borneo) von 1996-1998 durchgeführt. Weibliche Brutfürsorge in Form von Gelegebewachung wurde bei 11 Arten aus folgenden Gattungen gefunden: Pyrgauchenia, Pyrgonota, Hybandoides, Gigantorhabdus (Hypsaucheniini), Centrochares (Centrocharesini), Ebhul (Ebhuloidesini). Larven dieser Arten lebten in Aggregationen zusammen. Drei Arten werden neu beschrieben (Pyrgauchenia biuni, P. pendleburyi, P. tristaniopsis). Zwei nominelle Arten (P. angulata Funkhouser und P. brunnea Funkhouser) sind Junior-Synonyme von P. colorata Distant. Die Arbeiten zu Pyrgauchenia tristaniopsis fanden im unteren Montanregenwald des Kinabalu Nationalparks (Borneo) statt. Diese Art wurde nur dort gefunden (zwischen 1350 m und 1650 m ü. NN), und sie war polyphag (alle Entwicklungsstadien auf 11 Pflanzenarten aus 8 Familien). Es gab fünf Larvenstadien, deren Entwicklungszeit zusammen 63-83 Tage betrug (Embryonalentwicklung: 22 Tage). Larven lebten aggregierend und wurden von Ameisen besucht (insgesamt 4 Morphospecies). Es gab Hinweise, dass frisch gehäutete Imagines noch etwa 10 Tage in der Aggregation verblieben. Spätestens 5 bzw. 10 Tage nach der Imaginalhäutung waren Weibchen bzw. Männchen zu einer Erstkopulation bereit. Bei der Paarung kletterte das Männchen nach der Kontaktaufnahme auf das Weibchen und blieb dort im Median 138 Sekunden sitzen (Präkopula), worauf eine im Median 116-minütige Kopulation folgen konnte. Während der Präkopula sandte das Männchen Vibrationssignale aus. Die Art war promiskuitiv, und manche Weibchen paarten sich während der Gelegebewachung. Das Geschlechterverhältnis war zum Zeitpunkt der Imaginalhäutung ausgeglichen. Die Eimortalität aufgrund einer Kohortenanalyse betrug 35 Prozent. Prädatoren der Larven und Imagines waren besonders Springspinnen (Salticidae). Die Eier wurden von Brachygrammatella sp. (Trichogrammatidae) parasitiert. Eier wurden als Gelege ins Gewebe von Wirtspflanzenzweigen gelegt (Unterseite). Die Anzahl Eier pro Gelege (etwa 57) nahm mit der Bewachungsdauer des Weibchens zu. Bevorzugungen von Gelegepositionen ober- oder unterhalb bereits vorhandener Gelege waren nicht festzustellen. Im Median wurden 3-4 (1998er, 1997er Zensus) Gelege zusammen auf einem Zweig gefunden. Bei einem Wiederfangversuch legte mindestens die Hälfte aller Weibchen während ihres Lebens mindestens zwei Gelege. Zwischen Verlassen des ersten Geleges (auf dem ein Weibchen gefunden wurde) und der Oviposition ihres Folgegeleges vergingen im Median 5 Tage. Folgegelege wurden meist auf derselben Wirtspflanze wie das erste Gelege abgelegt. Der Fettkörper vergrößerte sich wieder nach der Oviposition, aber noch während der Bewachung des aktuellen Geleges. Weibchen saßen 26-28 Tage lang (nach Beginn der Oviposition) auf ihrem Gelege, d.h. bis zum 5.-8. Tag nach Schlupfbeginn der Larven (die Larven schlüpften sukzessiv, erst 9 Tage nach Schlupfbeginn waren die meisten LI geschlüpft). Weibchen kehrten nach experimenteller Vertreibung vom Gelege auf dieses zurück. In Wahlversuchen wurde aber das eigene Gelege gegenüber einem fremden nicht präferiert. Weibchen wichen bei Störungen stets zur Seite aus und begannen ihre Suche immer mit Seitwärtsbewegungen. Experimentell herbeigeführter Kontakt mit dem Eiparasitoid Brachygrammatella sp. genügte, um die Beinabwehr bewachender Weibchen zu erhöhen. Die Häufigkeit von Beinbewegungen war nicht nur vom Vorhandensein eines Geleges, sondern auch von der Tageszeit abhängig. Gelegebewachung förderte das Überleben der Eier: Die Eimortalität stieg mit experimenteller Verkürzung der weiblichen Bewachungsdauer an (unabhängig von der Gelegegröße). Gelegebewachung verzögerte die Ablage von Folgegelegen, wie durch experimentelles Verkürzen der Bewachungsdauer aktuell bewachter Gelege gezeigt wurde. Abgebrochene pronotale Dorsaldornen minderten nicht die Paarungswahrscheinlichkeit: Die Häufigkeit kopulierender Männchen und Weibchen mit abgebrochenem Dorn wich nicht von ihrer jeweiligen Häufigkeit in der Population ab. Bei 52 Prozent aller Gelege bewachenden Weibchen war der Dorsaldorn abgebrochen. Weibchen waren länger und schwerer als Männchen, und einige pronotale Merkmale (z.B. der Caudaldorn) waren ebenfalls bei den Weibchen länger. Dorsaldorn und Distallobus waren dagegen bei Männchen länger, und zwar bei gleicher Körpergröße. Geschwister ähnelten sich besonders hinsichtlich Gewicht sowie Körper- und Dorsaldornlänge, was durch große Heritabilität, gleiche Umweltbedingungen und Inzucht erklärt werden könnte. / This study explores (i) the systematic distribution of maternal care in Southeast Asian treehoppers (Homoptera: Membracidae) and (ii) the behavioral ecology of maternal care in Pyrgauchenia tristaniopsis. In addition, its taxonomy and features of its life-history, reproductive biology and morphometry necessary for interpreting data on maternal care were studied. The results (1) do not support the strong version of the semelparity-hypothesis (one reproductive event per reproductive season is a precondition for maternal care in insects) and show (ii) that, contrary to previous suggestions, maternal care in Old World Centrotinae is no ecxeption. Also, basic biological features of a Southeast Asian species of the family Membracidae were studied for the first time. Vegetation was sampled from 1996-1998 in 16 rainforest plots in West-Malaysia and Sabah (Borneo). Maternal care (egg-guarding) was present in 11 species from the genera Pyrgauchenia, Pyrgonota, Hyandoides, Gigantorhabdus (Hypsaucheniini), Centrochares (Centrocharesini), and Ebhul (Ebhuloidesini). Their nymphs lived gregariously. Three new species are described (Pyrgauchenia biuni, P. pendleburyi, P. tristaniopsis). Two nominal species (P. angulata Funkhouser und P. brunnea Funkhouser) are placed as junior synonyms of P. colorata Distant. Pyrgauchenia tristaniopsis was studied in the lower montane forest of Kinabalu National Park (Borneo). This species was found only there (between 1350 m and 1650 m a.s.l.). It was polyphagous with all developmental stages occurring on 11 plant species from 8 families. There were 5 nymphal stages taking together 63-83 days to develop (22 days for development of eggs). Nymphs lived gregariously and were tended by ants (total of 4 morphospecies). Circumstantial evidence suggests that adults stayed in aggregations for about 10 days after ecdysis. After ecdysis, it took females and males not more than 5 and 10 days, respectively, to copulate for the first time. To initiate mating, a male settled on a female for 138 sec (median, precopula) and sometimes mated with her taking 116 minutes (median) for one copulation. The male produced vibrational signals while in precopula. P. tristaniopsis was promiscous with some females copulating while guarding eggs. At ecdysis, sex ratio was even. From a cohort analysis, egg-mortality was estimated to be 35 per cent. Salticid spiders were the most frequent predators on nymphs and adults. Eggs were parasitized by Brachygrammatella sp. (Trichogrammatidae). Eggs were placed in clutches into the tissue of host plant twigs. Egg numbers per clutch (about 57) increased with duration of maternal egg-guarding. Females were not found to prefer the part above or below an egg clutch for oviposition. As a mean, 3 and 4 (1998 and 1997, respectively) clutches occurred together on one twig. In a mark-recapture experiment, at least half the females produced at least two clutches during their lifetime. Oviposition of second clutches found with females started 5 days (mean) after leaving the first clutch found. Usually, "second" clutches were placed on the same host plant individual as was the "first". The females' fat bodies increased again after oviposition while guarding a clutch. After oviposition, mothers sat for 26-28 days on their egg clutch, i.e., 5-8 days after the onset of egg hatch (first-instar nymphs hatched successively with the majority of instars having hatched only 9 days after the first had hatched). Upon removal, females returned onto their clutches. In a choice experiment, however, females did not prefer their own egg clutch to that of conspecifics. When disturbed, guarding females always retreated sideways and started their relocation search with movements to the sides. Experimentally arranged contact with the egg parasitoid Brachygrammatella sp. sufficed to increase the frequency of leg-scraping by females. The frequency of leg scrapes depended on daytime and on whether females guarded eggs. Egg-guarding improved egg survival: egg mortality increased when the duration of female egg-guarding was shortened experimentally (independent of egg number per clutch). Egg-guarding postponed oviposition of a second clutch, as shown by experimentally shortening the time of egg-guarding of the present clutch. Breaking of the dorsal pronotal process did not reduce mating probability: the frequency of copulating males and females with broken processes equalled their frequency in the population. The dorsal process was broken off in 52 per cent of all egg-guarding females. Females were longer and heavier than males as were some pronotal characters, e.g., the posterior process. Males of the same body length, however, had longer dorsal processes and distal lobes than females. Siblings were similar in their weight, body length and length of dorsal process. This may be explained by large heritabilities, similar environments, and/or inbreeding.

Attaining the ‘appropriate’ balance between human use of national parks and their protection is a topic of considerable public, scientific and business interest and is thus an important focus for research. An increasingly affluent and mobile western society has made tourism the world’s largest industry; an industry with a significant reliance on the attractions of protected areas such as national parks and their wildlife. Regional communities have benefited from protected areas through local tourism expenditure and government recognition of the economic and social values realized from protected areas. High levels of visitation, and the management of this human use require effective management. But tensions arise when park managers invoke policies and management prescriptions to mitigate the adverse affects of human use. These actions and the way they are implemented can have an alienating impact on local communities, particularly those with a direct business dependency on park tourism. This thesis explores the notion that truly sustainable management of national parks can only be achieved if park managers and communities living adjacent to parks work together in a partnership to meet each other’s needs and through this process, foster the long-term environmental, social and economic benefits that can be derived from these parks. This thesis documents how a local community perceives its park managers and thereby the impact that park management has on local communities. It then seeks to identify the opportunities for park managers and communities to improve the way they view each other and the skills, attitudes and approaches necessary to create the environment for a sustainable relationship and can deliver sustainable outcomes for both parties. / Three methods were employed to progress this research; an extensive review of literature and theory on relevant aspects of the people and parks relationship; the use of a case study of communities adjacent to parks on the Ningaloo Coast; and, qualitative and quantitative surveys to inform those case studies. A resident perception survey of the Exmouth and Coral Bay communities was conducted in August 2005. At the same time key stakeholder representatives were interviewed. Secondary quantitative data on the areas economy and demographics was also collected to triangulate aspects of the primary data. The Ningaloo coast community’s perception of park management has been adversely affected by a recent (2004) management planning process for Ningaloo Marine Park that culminated in significant constraints being placed on recreational fishing access. Both the planning process and the decision have been the focus of community anger. Currently the levels of trust and respect within the community for the park agency and its management performance are low. Despite evidence that the parks of the Ningaloo coast make important social and economic contributions to the local communities of this area, the local community holds negative perceptions of the social and economic impacts of park management, and are influenced strongly by the local community’s attitudes, perceptions and feelings towards the park agency. The park agency’s inability to consult, involve and communicate with the local community (to the satisfaction of the local community) contributes to these attitudes, feelings and perceptions. / Key findings include; the prevailing norms and belief systems within the park agency reinforce the classic managerial paradigm; park management fails to accommodate broader social and economic measures, which diminishes trust and undermines attempts to foster community involvement and stewardship; ineffectual leadership, poor communication and outmoded approaches to planning and community engagement, local apathy to involvement in park planning and a lack of community education in regard to the promotion of park values, programs and activities compound this situation. The Ningaloo coast has the potential to provide an exceptionally bright future for its local communities, based largely on the inherent natural and cultural values of Ningaloo Marine Park, Cape Range National Park and other associated reserves. Whether the potential to develop community stewardship of the parks of the Ningaloo coast is fully met depends largely on the willingness of park management to relinquish some of its power, establish a suitable governance model in order to work collaboratively with the community and communicate effectively with it in order to achieve sustainable futures for both the park and the community.

Implementation of physically distributed catchment modelling systems reshapes the fundamental philosophy of traditional calibration approaches by supporting the concept of equifinality. Arising from the concept of equifinality, alternative behavioural parameter sets within a given catchment modelling system structure can generate similar levels of simulation performance. This concept is motivated by the existence of a variety of uncertainties associated with a complex catchment modelling system, such as an imperfect model structure, measurement errors in both the input data and the recorded flows, and unknown, or poorly defined, interactions among parameters. However, the difficulty of searching for behavioural parameter sets increases as the complexity of the catchment modelling systems increases. This study undertook an investigation on the feasibility and robustness of a real-value coding genetic algorithm (GA) for calibrating the physically distributed Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) using the Centennial Park catchment in Sydney as a case study. It was found that a real-value coding GA was a robust technique suitable to search for behavioural parameter sets and, in particular, it was found that this approach was capable of identifying the promising range of values for spatially variable parameters. Moreover, the widespread use of physically distributed catchment modelling systems has highlighted the importance of estimating the uncertainty in the parameter values and in the predictions obtained from a complex catchment modelling system as well as in catchment averaged, or lumped, systems that have been the focus of many previous studies. Bayesian inference has been shown to be a tool suitable for parameter uncertainty estimation in catchment modelling. However, the application of Bayesian inference faces difficulties in complex high-dimensional systems where there is little if any a priori knowledge about the proposal distribution of the parameters. In this study, a real-value coding GA was used to undertake uncertainty estimation on spatially variable control parameters with little a priori knowledge about the proposal distribution of parameters. After 50,000 evaluations, the marginal posterior distributions of spatially variable parameters which are associated with behavioural parameter sets were identified. The performance of a behavioural parameter set under a range of hydrological conditions was evaluated. Updating of the marginal distributions of these control parameters was implemented by adding additional calibration data. Interactions among the spatially variable control parameters were investigated also. Results based on the Pearson Correlation method indicate no clear relationship between any two control parameters. However, a methodology to detect relationships among groups of parameters was developed. Application of this methodology suggests that the simulation performance of SWMM was influenced by combinations of parameter values rather than values of the individual parameters. Finally, the predictive uncertainty associated with the existence of behavioural parameter sets was considered. A number of alternative strategies were used to evaluate the predictive performance. Consideration of the results suggests that use of a small number of parameter sets randomly selected from the large number of behavioural parameter sets was the best strategy in terms of efficiently obtaining predictive performance.

This thesis examines and explains multinational employers' experiences of localized shortages of skilled process workers in Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP), China. It explains three challenges facing SIP employers in accessing sufficient skilled process workers and their responses within HRM to such challenges. These three challenges are employers' experiences with vocational education and training (VET) deficiencies in students' skill development, employers' experiences of poaching of skilled process workers by other companies, and employers' experiences of provision of workplace training for skilled process workers in their own companies. In response to these challenges, SIP employers have adopted various HRM measures that include differing combination of recruitment and selection, employee retention, training and development, and employment relations management. These policies and practices represent the different ways that SIP employers have attempted to meet the challenges of localized skill shortages in the context of their own business strategies.