As a social practice, being part of the school band stylizes our lives—individually and collectively. The pedagogical band world, a world made up primarily of school and university wind bands, is in many ways similar to the world of community/civic bands of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Based on an examination of professional discourses, however, I argue that processes of institutionalization have altered the nature of music making via band participation. The pedagogical band world, like other bounded worlds, operates according to what Michel Foucault calls “regimes of truth”—the regulative norms that delimit what can be said and done. The specific ways in which the subject is fashioned, in other words, are a function of the truths we endorse about ourselves and, in the present case, about music making. Studying the discourses in the disciplinary practice of large ensemble (band) music making is of paramount importance for music educators to better understand the effects of disciplinary practices. Employing a conceptual framework based on the work of Michel Foucault, the following question guided this inquiry: “What ‘regimes of truth’ are fashioned in school music (bands) discourse, how did they come to be, and what are their potential effects on the subject?” Methods from the field of corpus linguistics were used to concordance the journal of the Canadian Band Association, 1978-2008. Concordance lists were used to introspectively examine each occurrence (approximately 25,000 in total) of a downsampled set of words related to subject formation in order to generate statements making truth claims. While there is no mistaking that a primary goal in music education discourse is to foster a “love of music,” this investigation suggests the kind of musicality fashioned in today’s pedagogical discourse has become a relationship to music (based on the study of music; music as something to know) rather than the kind of relationship fashioned in band participation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which I describe as a relationship with music (music as something to do).

The use of stars as a radiation source for ground-based ozone remote-sensing instruments is explored and an automated prototype instrument that measures absorption due to atmospheric ozone in stellar spectra has been designed, implemented and tested. <p> This work represents the proof-of-concept development of a low-cost, low dispersion slitless imaging spectrometer that measures Chappuis-band absorption in stellar spectra. The work presented here progresses from the initial concept to a functional calibrated prototype that is capable of nightly automated observations of visible-band spectra from mid-magnitude stars. The design and calibration of the prototype and subsequent data collection and analysis are presented. <p>A slitless imaging spectrometer has been developed and integrated with a commercial self-pointing telescope and an astronomical imager. A relative intensity calibration and the development of a dynamic wavelength calibration scheme, necessitated by the slitless nature of the instrument, is presented. The calibrated prototype has been used to collect several data sets of stellar spectra, and it is shown that the instrument can detect Chappuis absorption in stellar spectra. Several issues with both the concept and design that must be addressed in further development of the prototype are identified.

Currently, there are two main methodologies for the calculation of the electronic structure and properties of crystalline solids. Known as the Hartree-Fock Method (HF) and the Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods, they are based on two different theories for the numerical solution of the many electron Schrödinger equation. Unfortunately, in highly correlated electron systems like transition metal complexes, both the HF and DFT methods have severe shortcomings. In some cases they fail to provide the correct description of the electronic structure. <p>In general, the HF method overestimates the energy band gap due to the neglect of electron correlation effects and the incorrect description of electron interactions in the unoccupied orbitals. In contrast, even though electron correlation effects are implicitly included in the density functional, DFT often underestimates the band gap due to the improper treatment of the electron self-interaction. <p> To amend these problems, two approaches have been proposed. The deficiency in the HF scheme can be corrected using a hybrid method which adds exchange correlation energy borrowed from DFT to help reduce the band gap energy and bring the predictions in better agreement with experiment. To improve DFT, the LDA+U approach, which uses a model Hubbard-like Hamiltonian including an on-site repulsion parameter U, can be employed. This method is a convenient semi-quantitative way to efficiently calculate the band gap of insulators and semiconductors.<p> In this thesis, the electronic structure of YTiO₃ under pressure is investigated using the aforementioned approaches. The performance and reliability of these methods will be examined, compared and discussed.

Graduation date: 1992

As a social practice, being part of the school band stylizes our lives—individually and collectively. The pedagogical band world, a world made up primarily of school and university wind bands, is in many ways similar to the world of community/civic bands of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Based on an examination of professional discourses, however, I argue that processes of institutionalization have altered the nature of music making via band participation. The pedagogical band world, like other bounded worlds, operates according to what Michel Foucault calls “regimes of truth”—the regulative norms that delimit what can be said and done. The specific ways in which the subject is fashioned, in other words, are a function of the truths we endorse about ourselves and, in the present case, about music making. Studying the discourses in the disciplinary practice of large ensemble (band) music making is of paramount importance for music educators to better understand the effects of disciplinary practices. Employing a conceptual framework based on the work of Michel Foucault, the following question guided this inquiry: “What ‘regimes of truth’ are fashioned in school music (bands) discourse, how did they come to be, and what are their potential effects on the subject?” Methods from the field of corpus linguistics were used to concordance the journal of the Canadian Band Association, 1978-2008. Concordance lists were used to introspectively examine each occurrence (approximately 25,000 in total) of a downsampled set of words related to subject formation in order to generate statements making truth claims. While there is no mistaking that a primary goal in music education discourse is to foster a “love of music,” this investigation suggests the kind of musicality fashioned in today’s pedagogical discourse has become a relationship to music (based on the study of music; music as something to know) rather than the kind of relationship fashioned in band participation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which I describe as a relationship with music (music as something to do).

The main subject of this thesis is the study of electronic and magnetic properties of materials containing 3d transition metal atoms. Our motivation stems mainly from the modern fields of spintronic computing and solar energy conversion. The two primary goals of this work are to determine (i) why certain transition metal impurities in certain semiconductors can induce magnetic properties suitable for spintronic computing applications, and (ii) how transition metal impurities can be used to modify the electronic band gaps of semiconductors and insulators in ways useful for harnessing solar energy and for other applications. To accomplish these goals, we have applied both experimental and theoretical tools. We studied high quality materials prepared by advanced synthesis techniques using x-ray spectroscopy methods at synchrotron light sources. The results of these experiments were interpreted using a variety of theoretical techniques, primarily using computational software developed as part of this thesis and discussed herein. Regarding the study of introducing transition metal impurities into semiconductors to induce magnetic properties, we first developed and demonstrated a method to determine the location of impurity atoms within the host semiconductor lattice. This allowed to us explain the presence and absence of ferromagnetism in samples prepared under only slightly different synthesis conditions, which helped to address some long--standing issues in the spintronics field. We then studied an advanced and promising material -- indium (III) oxide with iron impurities -- to determine how magnetic ordering was maintained up to room temperatures. Our techniques unveiled that a portion of the iron atoms were coupled to oxygen vacancies in the material to create conditions which propelled the observed magnetism. This finding confirmed some earlier theoretical predictions by others in the field. For the study of electronic band gap modifications in semiconductors and insulators via the incorporation of transition metal atoms, we investigated a wide range of materials synthesized using different techniques. Again, we used experimental techniques to determine the location of impurity atoms within the materials, and used this to understand how band gaps were modified upon the introduction of the impurities. For Ti implantation into SiO2, Ni substitution into ZnO, and a new material, MnNCN, we have determined the electronic band gaps and used our techniques to explain how the values for the gaps arise. Finally, an additional outcome of this thesis work is a software program capable of simulating x-ray spectra using various advanced quantum models. We rewrote and built upon powerful existing programs and applied the result to the above studies. Our software was further applied in a collaborative effort with other researchers at the Canadian Light Source to study the differences in two experimental techniques for measuring x-ray absorption: partial and inverse partial fluorescence yields. By using the proper absorption and scattering formalisms to simulate each technique, we were able to explain the differences between the experimental spectra obtained from each. We explain fluorescence yield deviations using an analysis based on the spin configuration of different states, suggesting that the technique can be further extended as a quantitative spin state probe. These results could have significant implications for the field of soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy.

Abstrakt Tidigare har det gjorts åtskillig forskning kring varför människor väljer vägar som innebär destruktiva levnadssätt såsom missbruk och kriminalitet. Vårt intresse väcktes då vi insåg att den forskning som gjorts kring vägen ut ur dessa destruktiva levnadsvanor är tunn. Vi ville genom vår studie undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar och motiverar människan till att lämna missbruk och kriminalitet bakom sig och undvika återfall. Utifrån Ebaughs modell kring exitprocesser med de stadier en individ genomgår då hon bestämmer sig för att bryta upp med sina levnadsvanor har vi analyserat det material vi samlat in för att få vår frågeställning besvarad: Vilka förhållanden bidrar till att individer avbryter missbruk och kriminalitet och kan undvika att återfalla i detta beteende? För att kunna besvara frågeställningen har vi genom en kvalitativ studie intervjuat personer inom organisationen KRIS. Genom deras berättelser har vi sedan tolkat och analyserat det material som vi har samlat in utifrån socialpsykologiska teorier och begrepp. Därmed kunde vi belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar individen till att fullfölja beslutet om att lämna kriminalitet och missbruk bakom sig. Tolkningen av resultatet framhäver betydelsen av existerande sociala band mellan individer för att en exitprocess ska bli lyckad. Resultatet framhäver även den funktion som KRIS fyllt för våra intervjupersoner, att få uppleva känslan av gemenskap och förståelse och inte längre vara den stigmatiserade individen.

This thesis presents the design of a two-dimensional phononic band gap crystal simulator, and phononic crystal analysis. <br /><br /> Phononic crystals and their application to microwave acoustic filters are studied. Wave mechanics is introduced. A two-dimensional phononic crystal simulator is developed. Simulator operation is validated through comparison with published data. Design parameters for phononic crystal band gap engineering are outlined. Digital signal processing and wave mechanics are utilized to analyze fractal and circular inclusion based phononic crystals. Topics for further study are given. <br /><br /> Phononic crystal band structure is found to be sensitive to inclusion boundary geometry. Fractal inclusion based crystals provide multiple pass band characteristics. The evolution of a fractal inclusion in a phononic crystal may cause band gap widening and the formation of new band gaps. Circular inclusion based phononic crystals have piecewise-linear phase characteristics and quality factors up to 600.

The use of stars as a radiation source for ground-based ozone remote-sensing instruments is explored and an automated prototype instrument that measures absorption due to atmospheric ozone in stellar spectra has been designed, implemented and tested. <p> This work represents the proof-of-concept development of a low-cost, low dispersion slitless imaging spectrometer that measures Chappuis-band absorption in stellar spectra. The work presented here progresses from the initial concept to a functional calibrated prototype that is capable of nightly automated observations of visible-band spectra from mid-magnitude stars. The design and calibration of the prototype and subsequent data collection and analysis are presented. <p>A slitless imaging spectrometer has been developed and integrated with a commercial self-pointing telescope and an astronomical imager. A relative intensity calibration and the development of a dynamic wavelength calibration scheme, necessitated by the slitless nature of the instrument, is presented. The calibrated prototype has been used to collect several data sets of stellar spectra, and it is shown that the instrument can detect Chappuis absorption in stellar spectra. Several issues with both the concept and design that must be addressed in further development of the prototype are identified.

Currently, there are two main methodologies for the calculation of the electronic structure and properties of crystalline solids. Known as the Hartree-Fock Method (HF) and the Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods, they are based on two different theories for the numerical solution of the many electron Schrödinger equation. Unfortunately, in highly correlated electron systems like transition metal complexes, both the HF and DFT methods have severe shortcomings. In some cases they fail to provide the correct description of the electronic structure. <p>In general, the HF method overestimates the energy band gap due to the neglect of electron correlation effects and the incorrect description of electron interactions in the unoccupied orbitals. In contrast, even though electron correlation effects are implicitly included in the density functional, DFT often underestimates the band gap due to the improper treatment of the electron self-interaction. <p> To amend these problems, two approaches have been proposed. The deficiency in the HF scheme can be corrected using a hybrid method which adds exchange correlation energy borrowed from DFT to help reduce the band gap energy and bring the predictions in better agreement with experiment. To improve DFT, the LDA+U approach, which uses a model Hubbard-like Hamiltonian including an on-site repulsion parameter U, can be employed. This method is a convenient semi-quantitative way to efficiently calculate the band gap of insulators and semiconductors.<p> In this thesis, the electronic structure of YTiO₃ under pressure is investigated using the aforementioned approaches. The performance and reliability of these methods will be examined, compared and discussed.