Knowing what goes on in the upper atmosphere (∼80-140 km) is very important to the space science community. There are several competing forces that influence the temperature and densities of neutral molecules in that region. OPAL (Optical Profiling of the Atmospheric Limb) is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to measure the temperature there using light from oxygen molecules (∼760 nm). To accomplish this,OPAL is built into a CubeSat (a satellite the size of a loaf of bread) to be launched from the International Space Station (ISS) at an altitude of about 400 km. This vantage point is needed to see the light that is absorbed before it makes it to the ground, so a satellite is the optimal choice. Similar to looking at a tennis ball in your hand and trying to see the details of the yellow fuzz fibers on the outer edges of the ball, OPAL is trying to see the light emitted from oxygen at the outer edge of the atmosphere (also called the limb). In order to see how well OPAL can detect space weather signatures affecting the oxygen emissions a suite of models are made to simulate its output. This suite is made of: simulating the flight path of CubeSat, modeling where the OPAL instrument is looking, and how the oxygen light changes with where the instrument is looking. Because we are currently in a solar minimum, the occurrence of solar storms and geomagnetic storms are considered rare events. This allows for the concentrating on detecting gravity waves in this region and the minimum values of detecting them with this developed model.

Within the last 30 years the music departments in the schools of the Southeastern Idaho areas have grown tremendously. With the mushrooming of the band programs within these music departments many problems appear. They arise primarily from inadequate funds.

Thesis (M.M.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / Statement of the problem. The purpose of this study was (1) to determine the present practices of selected junior high school band programs in Massachusetts' cities between 5,000 and 25,000 population; (2) to identify corresponding practices advocated in the literature of music education; and (3) to evaluate findings by comparing with the recommendations of the music education profession. Sources of data. The sources of data used in this investigation include: (1) publications in music education, (2) unpublished theses and dissertations in music education, and (3) a questionnaire. Conclusions. The following conclusions were formulated from the findings of the inquiry: 1. Tests and consultations with homeroom teachers were helpful, but not necessary as a prerequisite in the selection of band members. 2. Demonstrations were a desirable means of stimulating student interest in music. 3. The three-month trial plan appeared to be the most popular rental plan offered to beginning pupils. 4. Parents were notified of the student's progress by special reports from the music department. Telephone conversations were a popular means of communication with parents. 5. The seventh grade level appeared to be best for the beginning of study on an instrument. 6. Students were usually allowed to select the instrument of their choice, although band directors made suggestions for balanced instrumentation. 7. Instruction books were not provided by the school. 8. Expensive and unusual instruments were provided by the school to selected youngsters, such as: oboes, alto and bass clarinets, tenor and baritone saxophones, bassoons, French horns, baritones, basses, and percussion equipment. 9. Uniforms were rarely found in the junior high schools. 10. Liost communi ties had a seven period day, with the average length of the period from forty-five to forty-eight minutes. 11. Most junior high school bands marched in parades and performed concerts in their own schools. Few school bands traveled to other communities. 12. The rotating schedule was seldom employed. 13. Private lessons after school hours was used often and highly recommended by the music supervisors. 14. Class lessons were seldom offered during the school day. 15. Dance bands most often rehearsed after school hours. / 2031-01-01

Data on standardized tests is often used to advocate for the inclusion of music programs in secondary education curriculum. There have been studies that claim to identify a relationship between music participation and higher earned test scores; however, correlation does not necessarily equate to causation. The argument between whether music instruction improves student testing ability or if higher achieving students are attracted to music courses is still prevalent within the music education domain. Executive function represents the processes within the brain that encompass a number of cognitive ability processes used in the transfer of knowledge. These processes are essential to progression and success in education (Caine & Caine, 2006; Chan, et. al., 2008). Research demonstrates that music instruction has the capacity to enhance various executive function processes in young students with previous music instruction and individualized violin training (Bugos, 2010; Ho et al., 2003; Chan et al., 1998). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of secondary music instruction, specifically in the band setting, on executive function processes of processing speeding and working memory. 40 high school students, 20 students who had received previous band instruction and 20 who had not received previous band instruction ages 13 to 18, completed various cognitive and musical assessments to gauge musical ability and cognitive function (measuring attention, working memory, and processing speed). Students from both groups were paired using the Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale. Analysis of the results demonstrated that students who received prior band instruction demonstrated enhanced processing speed and working memory indices, as well as increased attention abilities.

<p>Hur ser en persons livshistoria ut bakom etiketten kriminell? Vi har i denna uppsats ämnat</p><p>söka svaret hos personer som levt ett kriminellt liv men som i dagsläget lever ett liv inom</p><p>samhällets förespråkade normer. Vår önskan har varit att lyfta fram individernas egna</p><p>berättelser om sina erfarenheter med förhoppning om att få en tydligare bild av deras</p><p>livshistoria. Vi har genom kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer samlat in</p><p>vårt empiriska material som vi senare har analyserat och arbetat med i samverkan med en</p><p>hermeneutisk utgångspunkt. Vårt syfte har varit att genom våra tio intervjupersoners egna</p><p>berättelser få insikt i hur vägen in i och ut ur deras kriminella leverne har sett ut samt vilken</p><p>betydelse de tillskriver KRIS och deras arbete. Vi har använt oss av Scheffs teorier för att</p><p>tydliggöra vikten av att skapa sociala band till sin omgivning då vår studie visar att de flesta</p><p>av intervjupersonerna beskriver bristande hemförhållanden där föräldrarna inte har axlat det</p><p>ansvar som krävs för att bidra med en trygg uppväxt. Genom stämplingsteorin har vi fått en</p><p>djupare insikt i hur en avvikarkarriär kan te sig samt påvisa vad det innebär att leva ett liv</p><p>utanför de förespråkade normerna. Då de intervjuade sökte sig till äldre förebilder tycks de ha</p><p>blivit mer inneslutna i en gemenskap som förmedlar en kriminell livsstil. Den kriminella</p><p>livsstilens grepp om intervjupersonerna har för många av dem bidragit till att de haft det svårt</p><p>att lämna det kriminella livsmönstret bakom sig. En trötthet till följd av ett destruktivt leverne</p><p>beskrivs emellertid av de flesta som en avgörande faktor för att ta steget till att leva ett liv</p><p>inom samhällets konventionella normer. Då intervjupersonerna bestämde sig för att lämna det</p><p>kriminella livet har KRIS för samtliga varit en ovärderlig källa till positiv gemenskap där de</p><p>nyknutna sociala banden tycks kännetecknas av stolthet och solidaritet.</p> / <p>The aim with this essay has been to examine ten individual stories about their way in and out</p><p>of a criminal lifestyle. The aim has also been to study the importance of the organisation</p><p>Criminals’ Return Into Society (CRIS) for these individuals that has chosen a drug-free and</p><p>law-abiding life. We have applied qualitative (semiformal) interviews to sample data and</p><p>adopted the hermeneutic circle to analyse the material. Our study shows that the majority of</p><p>the interviewed individuals, according to themselves, have defective home conditions and that</p><p>the parents have not taken the responsibility that is needed for a pleasant adolescence. When</p><p>they entered school many of the interviewed seem to focus on making friends instead of</p><p>putting effort into their studies. They searched attention among older pupils who became their</p><p>significant others and role models. To illustrate the importance of social bonds we have</p><p>adopted Scheffs terminology that gives a possible explanation for the continuously searching</p><p>after these bonds. The wish of making social bonds among their role models did that the</p><p>interviewed individuals became included in a community that contained a criminal and</p><p>destructive way of living. The criminal lifestyle seems to have them in a grip that takes them</p><p>further and further away from the conventional society. In most cases they seem to have</p><p>difficulties to leave the criminal way of living, many of them says that they were overcome by</p><p>tiredness and therefore choose a life within the conventional societies expectations. When the</p><p>interviewed decided to not be a part of a criminal lifestyle they all, in one way or another,</p><p>came to CRIS. CRIS has for all of them been an invaluable organisation that provides healthy</p><p>social bonds and confidence to start a new life within the advocated norms.</p>

The purpose of this essay is to document the development of the American Bandmasters Association's Ostwald Award from its inception in 1955 to the present day. The study addresses several aspects of the award's development, taking into account more localized evolution in regard to the award's history, purpose, compositional specifications, and the procedures employed to select the winning composition and composer. Ultimately, the discussion focuses not only on how the award is presented in accordance with its own purposes but the objectives of the American Bandmasters Association. The data for this study are collected through two different methods. The primary method of data collection involves an examination of documents and other associated materials located in the ABA Archive at the University of Maryland. A secondary method of interviews is utilized in order to augment the written record and overcome its deficiencies. Participants in the study include Ostwald Award Committee members and chairs both past and present. While the Ostwald Award has recognized forty-seven compositions since its inception, no formal consideration of the award's history and contribution to the wind band repertoire has been undertaken. Such is the aspiration of this essay.

The purpose of this study was to test a hypothesized model of wind-band intonation, using equipment, instruction and director and student attributes as components. Band directors (N= 5) and their students N= 200) were given a combination of published and researcher designed tests to measure equipment quality, experience, knowledge of instrument pitch tendencies and aural discrimination skills. In addition, each band was video recorded to observe their warm-up, tuning and rehearsal procedures and activities. Spectrum analysis using Praat phonetic analysis software (Boersma & Weenik, 2010) was used to measure wind-band intonation. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS (Arbuckle, 2008) was the method chosen to analyze and interpret the data. Although the hypothesized model could not be estimated, a model generating approach resulted in a three-factor model describing the effects of instruction and student attributes on wind-band intonation. Model fit was good (χ2 = 3.486, df = 7, p = .837, GFI = .994, CFI = 1.00, RMSEA = .000). The respecified model indicated that instruction and student attributes explain 99.3% of the variance in the dependent variable wind-band intonation. For each SD increase in the latent instruction variable, wind-band intonation increases by .95 a SD. Activities involving aural-based tuning strategies, tuning intervals and chords evidenced higher intonation scores. For each SD increase in the latent student attributes variable, wind-band intonation increases by .16 a SD. This suggests that instrument quality, experience in band and private lessons, and aural acuity combine to affect intonation scores, but these student attributes are less influential than instruction. A supplementary finding revealed that 72.5% of the students n = 145) made at least one error (M = 4.05, SD = 3.76) on the test measuring knowledge of their instrument’s pitch tendencies.

No description available.

Hur ser en persons livshistoria ut bakom etiketten kriminell? Vi har i denna uppsats ämnat söka svaret hos personer som levt ett kriminellt liv men som i dagsläget lever ett liv inom samhällets förespråkade normer. Vår önskan har varit att lyfta fram individernas egna berättelser om sina erfarenheter med förhoppning om att få en tydligare bild av deras livshistoria. Vi har genom kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer samlat in vårt empiriska material som vi senare har analyserat och arbetat med i samverkan med en hermeneutisk utgångspunkt. Vårt syfte har varit att genom våra tio intervjupersoners egna berättelser få insikt i hur vägen in i och ut ur deras kriminella leverne har sett ut samt vilken betydelse de tillskriver KRIS och deras arbete. Vi har använt oss av Scheffs teorier för att tydliggöra vikten av att skapa sociala band till sin omgivning då vår studie visar att de flesta av intervjupersonerna beskriver bristande hemförhållanden där föräldrarna inte har axlat det ansvar som krävs för att bidra med en trygg uppväxt. Genom stämplingsteorin har vi fått en djupare insikt i hur en avvikarkarriär kan te sig samt påvisa vad det innebär att leva ett liv utanför de förespråkade normerna. Då de intervjuade sökte sig till äldre förebilder tycks de ha blivit mer inneslutna i en gemenskap som förmedlar en kriminell livsstil. Den kriminella livsstilens grepp om intervjupersonerna har för många av dem bidragit till att de haft det svårt att lämna det kriminella livsmönstret bakom sig. En trötthet till följd av ett destruktivt leverne beskrivs emellertid av de flesta som en avgörande faktor för att ta steget till att leva ett liv inom samhällets konventionella normer. Då intervjupersonerna bestämde sig för att lämna det kriminella livet har KRIS för samtliga varit en ovärderlig källa till positiv gemenskap där de nyknutna sociala banden tycks kännetecknas av stolthet och solidaritet. / The aim with this essay has been to examine ten individual stories about their way in and out of a criminal lifestyle. The aim has also been to study the importance of the organisation Criminals’ Return Into Society (CRIS) for these individuals that has chosen a drug-free and law-abiding life. We have applied qualitative (semiformal) interviews to sample data and adopted the hermeneutic circle to analyse the material. Our study shows that the majority of the interviewed individuals, according to themselves, have defective home conditions and that the parents have not taken the responsibility that is needed for a pleasant adolescence. When they entered school many of the interviewed seem to focus on making friends instead of putting effort into their studies. They searched attention among older pupils who became their significant others and role models. To illustrate the importance of social bonds we have adopted Scheffs terminology that gives a possible explanation for the continuously searching after these bonds. The wish of making social bonds among their role models did that the interviewed individuals became included in a community that contained a criminal and destructive way of living. The criminal lifestyle seems to have them in a grip that takes them further and further away from the conventional society. In most cases they seem to have difficulties to leave the criminal way of living, many of them says that they were overcome by tiredness and therefore choose a life within the conventional societies expectations. When the interviewed decided to not be a part of a criminal lifestyle they all, in one way or another, came to CRIS. CRIS has for all of them been an invaluable organisation that provides healthy social bonds and confidence to start a new life within the advocated norms.

I detta arbete har vi ur ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv intresserat oss för tio studenters liv och deras uppfattningar om sina nya liv efter att de har flyttat från sina hemstäder och börjat studera. Genom att använda oss av kvalitativa intervjuer har vi försökt att få en insikt i studenternas välmående. I intervjuerna har vi fått ta del av deras personliga uppfattningar kring den social förändring som skett i deras existerande förhållande, socialt bemötande av människorna i nya staden och hur väl de har lyckats bygga upp nya relationer, samt även vilka möjligheter de upplevt har funnits till att nya relationer. Efter att vi har presenterat våra intervjupersoner kommer vi att fokusera på deras svar och sedan försöka analysera det med hjälp av ett flertal teorier. Med hjälp av sociala band förstår vi deras upplevelser av eget ansvar och nollningens roll i relationskapandet, samt tolkar vi på de eventuella kopplingarna mellan goda sociala band sedan tidigare och hur det har påverkat dem i relationsskapandet nu. Vi tolkar deras svar utifrån relationsförnödenheter, följt av att vi fördjupar oss i lärarens roll och till sist även en del av studenternas övergångsfas från ungdomar till vuxna. / In this paper we are going to look closer at ten students’ lives and from a social psychological perspective view their perception regarding their new life after leaving home and beginning their lives as students in a whole new city. By using qualitative interviews we have tried to get an insight in the students’ state of wellbeing. During the interviews we have been able to take part of their personal perception regarding the social change that has happened in their lives, the social treatment by the people in their new city and how well they have managed to build new relationships, as well as what possibilities they have encountered to create new relationships. After presenting our interviewers, we are going to take a closer look at their answers and then try to analyze them with the help of multiple theories. With the help of Social Bonds we’ll interpret their experiences of sense of own responsibility and the importance of "nollningen" in the relationship creation, as well as looking at possible connections between preexisting good social bonds and how it has affected them in their current search and creation of relationships. We’ll interpret their answers through provisions of relationships followed by taking a look at the teachers’ role, and finally a part of the students’ transition phase from teenagers to young adults as well.