This paper explores the possibility that Hemingway scholars are overlooking the development of Hemingway as a writer by concentrating too much on the autobiographical elements of his writing. I am not suggesting that scholars ignore the autobiographical aspects of the writing, but rather propose that scholars acknowledge and look for the development of Hemingway's craft of writing in his novels by comparing the early texts with his posthumous works. I have chosen to show this development by comparing A Farewell to Arms and The Garden of Eden, especially through his use of the females characters Catherine in both novels. I assert that whether consciously or unconsciously, Hemingway's reuse of the name Catherine in The Garden of Eden was his attempt to address criticism of his writing by invoking a comparison of the two characters he created in an effort to show how he was able to portray a more sophisticated female character when he was an older, more mature writer. The specific writing tools Hemingway employed to accomplish this task include the use of names, details about the physical appearances of his characters, the vocation of his characters, and the dialogue of his characters.

<p>Inledning</p><p>The horror of the zombie movie comes from recognizing the human in the monster; the terror of the zombie movie comes from knowing there is nothing to do about it but destroy what is left; the fun comes from watching the genre continue to develop. Although zombies are technically dead, their cinematic genre is a living, breathing entity that continues to grow and evolve.</p><p>Citatet taget ur Kyle Bishops artikel ”Raising the dead” öppnar upp för en intressant diskussion angående utvecklingen av zombiefilm. De flesta i en skräckfilmspublik kan på ett fåtal sekunder med säkerhet peka ut en zombie på vita duken. Även filmad i long shots och i extreme long shots kan till och med den åskådare som är relativt ny för genren känna igen zombien. De tydliga rörelsemönstren med långsamma släpande steg och ryckiga rörelser tillhör förväntningarna kring hur zombies ska bete sig, men ser zombien verkligen ut så idag? Om en publik förväntar sig se dessa stildrag när de bänkar sig för att titta på en zombiefilm gjord under 2000-talet är det vad de möter? Visst kan man ännu se grunden till dessa manér även i zombies av idag men dock med ett flertal modifieringar. Den klassiska bleka sminkningen tillsammans med ett lika klassiskt rörelsemönster som sedan Night of the Living Dead (George A. Romero, 1968) har definierat zombien inom filmens värld befinner sig i en ständig transformation. Denna uppsats kommer att granska film och litteratur i ett försök att bena ut de olika stilistiska och sociala förändringar som zombien genomgått från 1968 fram till idag.</p>

Light pollution in urban areas - How to prevent light pollution at construction   Jakob Sjöling   Light pollution is a relatively new but rapidly growing form of pollution. Society's increasing demand for light coupled with the pace at which lighting technology evolves is accelerating that growth. The purpose of this study was to analyse how the construction industry plan and design outdoor lighting when erecting new buildings, specifically with regards to the issue of light pollution. It also investigated how local authorities work with these issues during urban planning. In both cases special interest was placed in ways to improve the planning and use of outdoor lighting in order to minimize light pollution. To this end a series of interviews were held with people in the construction industry who are involved in the planning of lighting. Interviews were also held with local officials who manages issues of lighting and the environment within the municipality of Kungsbacka, Sweden. The interviews showed that people who work with these issues were well aware that poorly planned lighting can cause glare and disturbances. They were, however, almost totally unaware of the severe danger that light at night poses to both human health and environmental stability. To remedy this, information about the risks posed by night-time lighting must be spread from the scientific community to entrepreneurs and local officials who work with lighting. There are also several areas where changes in routines can help to avoid many of the potential pitfalls threatening to cause an, otherwise good, lighting plan to fail in regards to light pollution.

The following report describes the pre-production, production, and post-production stages of the short film NIGHT OUT, a film set in the present day in Montreal, Quebec. The story follows a high school kid throughout one evening out on the town. Over the course of the night he meets an older man, Julian, who takes him to a bar where he meets an older woman, Patricia. NIGHT OUT explores the loneliness in urban landscapes, a young person’s relationship with strangers, and the risks and rewards of opening yourself to the world. The majority of this report consists of a first-person account of the entire process of making this project, from its inception to its completion. Supplemental materials include: character descriptions and synopsis, shot list, lined script, storyboards, and a props and costume list. / text

Inledning The horror of the zombie movie comes from recognizing the human in the monster; the terror of the zombie movie comes from knowing there is nothing to do about it but destroy what is left; the fun comes from watching the genre continue to develop. Although zombies are technically dead, their cinematic genre is a living, breathing entity that continues to grow and evolve. Citatet taget ur Kyle Bishops artikel ”Raising the dead” öppnar upp för en intressant diskussion angående utvecklingen av zombiefilm. De flesta i en skräckfilmspublik kan på ett fåtal sekunder med säkerhet peka ut en zombie på vita duken. Även filmad i long shots och i extreme long shots kan till och med den åskådare som är relativt ny för genren känna igen zombien. De tydliga rörelsemönstren med långsamma släpande steg och ryckiga rörelser tillhör förväntningarna kring hur zombies ska bete sig, men ser zombien verkligen ut så idag? Om en publik förväntar sig se dessa stildrag när de bänkar sig för att titta på en zombiefilm gjord under 2000-talet är det vad de möter? Visst kan man ännu se grunden till dessa manér även i zombies av idag men dock med ett flertal modifieringar. Den klassiska bleka sminkningen tillsammans med ett lika klassiskt rörelsemönster som sedan Night of the Living Dead (George A. Romero, 1968) har definierat zombien inom filmens värld befinner sig i en ständig transformation. Denna uppsats kommer att granska film och litteratur i ett försök att bena ut de olika stilistiska och sociala förändringar som zombien genomgått från 1968 fram till idag.

Background: Long-term night shift work has been associated with multiple cancer sites, including breast, prostate, colon and endometrial. The mechanism for this effect is hypothesized to include the hormone melatonin; where increased light at night exposure during shift work reduces melatonin production and decreased melatonin levels are associated with increased cancer risk. In addition, physical activity has been shown to reduce cancer risk and existing laboratory studies indicate it has the potential to influence melatonin levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study of light intensity exposure, physical activity and melatonin levels was conducted among 61 rotating shift nurses at Kingston General Hospital. Light intensity exposure was measured using a light intensity data logger and melatonin concentrations were measured from urine and saliva samples, collected over a 24-hour period. Physical activity was assessed from a study questionnaire and one-day diary. Results: A statistically significant inverse association between light exposure and urinary melatonin levels was observed; however, the relationship was no longer significant when stratified by shift group. Analysis of salivary melatonin levels demonstrated that circadian rhythms of melatonin production in night workers were not altered in timing, such that peak melatonin production occurred at night. No association between light exposure and the magnitude of salivary melatonin variation was observed. The relationship between recent physical activity and melatonin differed by shift group, with a positive association seen among day workers, while an inverse relationship was seen among night workers. There was no association between usual physical activity and melatonin in either shift group. Finally, no significant correlation was observed between sleep duration and melatonin among either day or night workers. Conclusions: While this study demonstrated an inverse relationship between light intensity and melatonin, the comparison of functional time points between day and night workers meant that differences in urinary melatonin levels between shift groups could be attributed to differences in the time of day when urine samples were collected. No consistent relationship between recent or usual physical activity and melatonin levels was observed in either shift group. Sleep duration was not correlated with urinary melatonin levels, suggesting it cannot be used as a proxy for melatonin production. / Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2008-06-26 08:39:21.645

Background: Shift work has recently been identified as a breast cancer risk factor, where meta-analysis has indicated an approximately 50% increased risk among long-term shift workers. However, additional studies with more comprehensive methods of shift work exposure assessment are needed to capture the diversity of shift patterns. The hypothesized mechanism for this relationship involves chronodisruption (altered circadian rhythms), where increased exposure to light at night during night shifts may decrease production of the cancer-protective hormone melatonin. Further, coordination of circadian rhythms, including melatonin production, is governed by the interactions of a set of central clock genes. Recent studies have suggested that variants in clock genes are associated with cancer risk at multiple sites, including breast cancer, although few studies have considered potential interactions with shift work. Methods: This thesis examined relationships of both shift work and clock gene polymorphisms (and their interactions) with breast cancer risk in a case-control study of 1,142 cases and 1,178 controls. The association between light exposure and melatonin production was also investigated in a longitudinal biomarker study conducted among 123 nurses working a two-day, two-night rotating shift pattern. Results: In the case-control study, an association between breast cancer and ≥30 years of shift work (OR = 2.20, 95%CI = 1.13 – 4.28) was detected, although no relationship with short (0 – 14 years) or medium (15 – 29 years) term shift work was observed. As well, variants in 14 clock-related genes were not associated with breast cancer and there were no apparent interactions with shift work history. In the biomarker study, both peak melatonin levels and daily change in melatonin levels were similar when nurses were working their day and night shifts. Further, on the night shift, a slight inverse relationship between light and change in melatonin was observed (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Taken together, these results contribute to the understanding of both the association between shift work and breast cancer, and the biologic mechanisms underlying this relationship. Since shift work is required for many occupations, understanding the mechanisms through which it impacts breast cancer is important to the development of healthy workplace policy. / Thesis (Ph.D, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-26 20:59:40.209

The purpose of the Pilgrimage to the Night Sky is to encourage a self driven journey of rediscovering the beauty and simple pleasure of looking up and seeing a star-filled sky. The goal is to create two sites in the landscape that will act as the starting points to this pilgrimage by showcasing the stars in the night sky and will nurture the curiosity of those who have an interest in the heavens. A progression approach is meant to be experienced while on this journey, with the first stage of the pilgrimage taking place in Assiniboine Forest. The second stage of the pilgrimage takes place ten minutes south of the city at Glenlea Observatory which hosts an exponential increase of stars in the night sky. The practicum concludes with an assortment of resources people can use to continue their pilgrimage and search for their darkest night sky.

No description available.

Night shift or non-standard work continues to grow throughout the economy (Beers, 2000). Women's roles in society are changing as they find themselves having to join the work force due to economic need. South African women most of whom are mothers are no exception in this regard. Many of these mothers are obliged to do night shift work. Sectors like manufacturing and public-oriented industries often use shift work to ensure efficient continuous operation and uninterrupted response to the needs of society. This article aims to explore the role that night shift work plays in the relationships between mothers and their adolescent children; whether the mutual perceptions of night shift working mothers and their adolescent children regarding their relationships differ from those of non-shift working mothers and their adolescent children; and whether there is a difference between the night shift working group and the non-shift working group with regard to the perceptions of their relationships. Lastly, the article aims to determine the reliability of the measuring instrument that was used in this study, namely the Parent-Adolescent-Relationship-Questionnaire (PARQ). Available literature shows that shift work has a negative impact on health, for example stress-related illnesses due to lack of sleep (Akerstedt, 1998, 2003; Fletcher & Dawson, 1997, 2001; Presser, 2005). Family life is also affected and relationship difficulties have been reported (Chang, Wang, & Liu, 1993; Holland, 2004; Grosswald, 2003, 2004; Presser, 1995, 2000, 2003, 2005), while shift work is seen as a threat to family cohesion. Adolescence is a critical developmental stage and mothers have an important role to enhance healthy adolescent development in terms of issues like self-identity and autonomy. The mother's unusual working hours can have a negative impact on the mother-adolescent relationship. A cross-sectional design was used in this study. There were two groups: 35 night shift working mothers and their adolescent children, and 35 non-shift working mothers and their adolescent children. Participants were requested to complete a PARQ questionnaire. Data was analysed by means of SAS and SPSS programmes. Descriptive statistic methods such as central tendency, mean and median, variability, range and standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis were used to explore data. Independent and dependent t-tests were used to determine differences between the mean scores of the night shift working and non-shift working mothers and their adolescent children. The effect size was used to provide an objective measure of a practical effect. The findings indicate that PARQ is a reliable measure for this study as it showed good internal consistency. The skewness and kurtosis indicate acceptable normality. Adolescent children of non-shift working mothers perceive communication with their mothers as more efficient than adolescent children of night shift working mothers, and there is an indication of a significant practical effect. Adolescent children of non-shift working mothers have a more positive perception of the Mothers' Problem Solving than adolescent children of night shift working mothers, with indications of a significant practical effect between the two groups. There is no statistically significant difference between and no significant practical effect in any of the variables concerning the two groups of mothers, as reflected in Table 4. However, Table 5 shows a difference between the perceptions of the two groups of adolescents. There is a statistically significant difference between Cohesion for non-shift working mothers and for their adolescent children, with an indication of a significant practical effect. Tables 5 and 6 show a statistically significant difference between Conventionalisation of the two groups, with an indication of a significant practical effect. Both night shift working and non-shift working mothers have a more positive perception of Conventionalisation than their adolescent children. Findings also indicate a statistically significant difference in Global Distress between night shift working mothers and their adolescent children, with an indication of a significant practical effect. Night shift working mothers experience higher levels of Global Distress than their adolescent children. For both groups -night shift working mothers and their adolescent children; and non-shift working mothers and their adolescent children there is a statistically significant difference between the mothers' and the adolescents' perception of Ruination. This study has several limitations and it is recommended that future studies use a larger sample size and include longitudinal studies. Future research should also explore the construct of the night shift working mother's parenting style and their coping strategies. Father-adolescent relationships should also be a research focus. In some families in both groups, the study created a platform for dialogue between adolescents and their mothers. / Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.