Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:39:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariannaCMDL_DISSERT.pdf: 1367439 bytes, checksum: d091551e753c01139c7e5672341527aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-10 / the Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic is an instrument, developed from a consensus among health professionals, to identify psychological factors that may compromise the conducting of medical treatment in order to allow a better adhesion. As it has been one of the most used tools to assess bariatric surgery, the objective of this research is to verify the evidence validity of Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD) for psychological assessment of candidates for bariatric surgery. Method: males and females volunteers, aged 18 to 70, grouped in 150 patients admitted for surgical procedures or suffering from chronic diseases (control group) and 426 patients candidates for bariatric surgery, contacted in person or by the internet. For the study in the face group were also administered Millon Index of Personality Styles (MIPS), the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) and the General Health Questionnaire of Goldberg, just in bariatric surgery patients. Results: there are indicators of semantic adaptation of the instrument, with 27 factors in five areas of the instrument, all with satisfactory levels of validity. The reliabitity indicators were satisfactory in 18 of the 32 scales that comprise the MBMD, while relations with the other three instruments showed significant variations compared to the original indicators. The MBMD was sensitive to differences between groups about gender, age, education, marital status, body mass index, comorbidities and chronic disease patients and with or without obesity. The use of this instrument in the assessment of candidates for bariatric surgery presents indicators of validity in view the limitations as to the realiability of certain scales / o Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic ? um instrumento elaborado a partir do consenso entre profissionais de sa?de, visando identificar fatores psicol?gicos que venham a comprometer tratamentos m?dicos para que sejam conduzidos de modo a viabilizar uma melhor ades?o. Como tem sido um dos instrumentos mais utilizados para avalia??o em cirurgia bari?trica em outros pa?ses, o objetivo desta pesquisa ? verificar evid?ncias de validade do Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD) para avalia??o psicol?gica de candidatos a cirurgia bari?trica. M?todo: volunt?rios dos sexos masculino e feminino, com idades entre 18 a 70, agrupados em 150 pacientes internados para procedimentos cir?rgicos ou portadores de doen?as cr?nicas (grupo controle) e 426 pacientes candidato ? cirurgia bari?trica, contatados presencialmente ou por interm?dio de uma p?gina na internet. Para os estudos tamb?m foram administrados no grupo presencial de bari?trica o Millon Index of Personality Styles (MIPS), o Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) e o Question?rio de Sa?de Geral de Goldberg, apenas nos pacientes de cirurgia bari?trica. Resultados: h? indicadores de adapta??o sem?ntica do instrumento, com 27 fatores em seus cinco dom?nios, todos com ?ndices satisfat?rios de validade. Os indicadores de precis?o se mostraram satisfat?rios em 18 das 32 escalas que comp?em o MBMD, ao passo que as rela??es com os outros tr?s instrumentos apresentaram varia??es importantes se comparados aos indicadores originais. O MBMD se mostrou sens?vel ?s diferen?as entre grupos quanto ao sexo, faixa et?ria, escolaridade, estado civil, ?ndice de Massa Corporal (IMC), presen?a de comorbidades e em portadores de doen?as cr?nicas com e sem obesidade. O uso deste instrumento nas avalia??es de candidatos ? cirurgia bari?trica apresenta indicadores de validade tendo em vista as limita??es quanto ? precis?o de determinadas escalas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaOS.pdf: 1126102 bytes, checksum: dba464c890585c6be32a3fd2dc600a81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Sulfated Polysaccharides with unique chemical structures and important biological activities has been found in a diversity of sea invertebrates. For that, to exist a huger interest on the biotechnology field in the research theses sulfated compounds isolated from sea organisms. Despite the privileged brazilian position for these compounds attainment, there are still a few scientific informations about the isolated substances and their biological activities. A head the displayed, the present work has for objectives, to evaluate the pharmacological properties of the glycosaminoglycans isolated from the sea shrimp Litopenaeus schimitti on homeostasis, blood coagulation, leukocytes migration and platelet/leukocyte adhesion. For this, yhe glycosaminoglycans were extracted from crustacean tissues by proteolysis, fractionation with acetone and later submitted to pharmacological assays. The crustacean tissues showed compounds heparin-like, with anticoagulant activity of 45 IU/mg and 90 IU/mg, respectively. These molecules showed low residual hemorrhagic effects in the tested concentration (100 ?g/mL), when compared to unfractionated commercial heparin (UFH). Another dermatan sulfate-like compound, predominately constituted for disulfated disaccharides, was isolated from crustacean abdomen. This compound showed an efficient effect on leukocytes migration inhibition, in the concentration of 15 ?g/mL, reducing the cellular infiltration in 65% when compared to the controlled animals. In this same concentration, the DS reduced in 60% the protein concentration of the peritoneal exudates. In the concentration, this compound of 0.5 mg/mL, it was capable to reduce in 40% platelet/leukocytes adhesion. Our data demonstrate that these sulfated polysaccharides isolated from the shrimp L. schimitti will can be used as bioactive compounds, appearing as active principles for pharmacological development, anticoagulants and inflammatory response regulators / Polissacar?deos sulfatados com caracter?sticas estruturais distintas e importantes atividades biol?gicas t?m sido encontrados em uma diversidade de invertebrados marinhos. Por isso existe um grande interesse no campo da biotecnologia na pesquisa destes compostos sulfatados isolados de organismos aqu?ticos. No entanto, apesar da posi??o privilegiada do Brasil para a obten??o destes compostos, ainda s?o poucas as informa??es cient?ficas sobre as subst?ncias isoladas e suas atividades biol?gicas. Diante do exposto, este presente trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar os potenciais farmacol?gicos dos glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs) isolados do camar?o marinho Litopenaeus schimitti, sobre a hemostasia, coagula??o sang??nea, migra??o leucocit?ria e ades?o celular. Para isso os GAGs foram extra?dos dos tecidos do crust?ceo mediante prote?lise, fracionamento com acetona e posteriormente submetidos aos ensaios farmacol?gicos. Os tecidos do crust?ceo, abd?men e cefalot?rax, apresentaram compostos semelhantes ? heparina (heparin?ides) com atividade anticoagulante de 45 UI/mg e 90 UI/mg, respectivamente. Estas mol?culas apresentaram baixo efeito hemorr?gico residual na concentra??o de 100 ?g/mL, quando comparada com a heparina comercial n?o fracionada (HNF). Um outro composto semelhante ao dermatam sulfato (DS), constitu?do predominantemente por dissacar?deos dissulfatados foi isolado do abd?men do crust?ceo. Este composto apresentou, na concentra??o de 15 ?g/?L, uma inibi??o significativa (P<0.01) da migra??o leucocit?ria, reduzindo a infiltra??o celular em 65% quando comparado com os animais controle. Nessa mesma concentra??o o DS reduziu em 60% a concentra??o de prote?nas do lavado peritonial. As an?lises qualitativas da composi??o celular do exudato peritonial foram similares ao encontrado para os animais controles em todas as concentra??es testadas. Na concentra??o de 0,5 mg/mL foi capaz de reduzir em 40% a ades?o das plaquetas aos leuc?citos. Os dados obtidos demonstram que estes polissacar?deos sulfatados isolados do camar?o L.schimitti podem vir a ser utilizados como compostos bioativos, podendo surgir como princ?pios ativos para o desenvolvimento de f?rmacos, anticoagulantes e moduladores da resposta inflamat?ria

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ManoelAGN_tese.pdf: 5283581 bytes, checksum: 65511a1dd2487deff44e8db44d2a0cf5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The objective of this study was perform by the streptoavidin-biotin technique an immunohistochemical analysis of ?2?1, ?3?1e ?5?1 integrins in 11 normal oral mucosa (NOM), 16 oral inflammatory fibroepithelial hyperplasia (OIFH) and 25 oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) (16 mild, 2 moderates and 7 severe), to determine if exists qualitative alteration in the expression of these integrins and if this guard relation with the oral epithelial modifications. It was observed that for the ?2?1 integrin the majority of the sample showed a predominantly intense labeling diffusely distributed in the intercellular contacts and the cytoplasm of cells of the basal and suprabasal layers, without difference of this profile between the different types of specimens, however with a trend to weak or loss of expression in 21.1% of the OEDs, being all the specimens that had not expressed this heterodimer, severe OEDs. For the ?3?1 integrin the majority of the sample showed a weak or absent labeling in basal layer. The ?5?1 integrin showed a predominant strong diffuse labeling in the intercellular contacts and cytoplasm in the suprabasal layer, with difference only in the labeling intensity between the types of specimens, inhabiting this difference in the OEDs, where 12 (48%) specimens had shown a weak labeling. It was concluded that the evaluated integrins can be involved in the cell-cell, cell-ECM interactions modulating the cellular differentiation and maintenance of the epithelial structural arrangement. The variable expression of the ?5?1 integrin in the OEDs, could suggest, respectively, a role of this molecule in the cellular survival, with intention to perpetuate the modified phenotype in these lesions, or a suppressor role on the modified phenotype due to lack of interaction of this molecule with the fibronectina of the MEC / Este estudo se prop?s analisar atrav?s da t?cnica da estreptoavidina-biotina a express?o imuno-histoqu?mica das integrinas ?2?1, ?3?1e ?5?1 em 11 esp?cimes de mucosa oral normal (MON), 16 de hiperplasia fibroepitelial inflamat?ria oral (HFIO) e 25 de displasia epitelial oral (DEO) (16 leves, 2 moderadas e 7 graves), procurando determinar se existe altera??o qualitativa na express?o destas integrinas e se a mesma guarda rela??o com as modifica??es sofridas pelo epit?lio oral. Para a integrina ?2?1 a maioria dos esp?cimes exibiu uma marca??o predominantemente intensa e difusa nos contatos intercelulares e no citoplasma celular das camadas basal e suprabasal, sem diferen?a desse perfil entre os diferentes tipos de esp?cimes, por?m com uma tend?ncia a fraca ou perda da express?o em 21.1% das DEOs, sendo todos os esp?cimes que n?o expressaram marca??o para este heterod?mero DEOs graves. Para a integrina ?3?1 a maioria da amostra exibiu uma marca??o fraca ou ausente predominantemente em camada basal. A integrina ?5?1 exibiu uma forte marca??o difusa nos contatos intercelulares e citoplasm?tica na camada suprabasal, com diferen?a apenas na intensidade de marca??o entre os tipos de esp?cimes, residindo essa diferen?a nas DEOs, onde 12 (48%) esp?cimes exibiram uma fraca marca??o. Concluiu-se que as integrinas avaliadas podem estar envolvidas nas intera??es c?lula-c?lula e c?lula-MEC que garantem a diferencia??o celular e manuten??o do arranjo estrutural tecidual. A vari?vel express?o da integrina ?5?1 nas DEOs, poderia sugerir, respectivamente, um papel dessa mol?cula na sobrevida celular, com o intuito de perpetuar o fen?tipo alterado nessas les?es, ou uma a??o supressora desse fen?tipo devido ? falta de intera??o desta mol?cula com a fibronectina da MEC

No description available.

[ES] Las zeolitas han destacado por sus aplicaciones en procesos catalíticos y de adsorción/separación de gases de alto impacto industrial. Esto es debido a que presentan propiedades de tamiz molecular como consecuencia de sus estructuras microporosas y, además es posible ajustar sus propiedades catalíticas variando su composición química, presencia de defectos estructurales, tamaño promedio de cristal, etc. Hasta el momento se han reconocido 255 estructuras zeolíticas diferentes, pero la obtención de zeolitas con nuevas estructuras es un aspecto muy relevante dentro de la ciencia de materiales ya que permite ampliar el rango de aplicaciones de estos materiales. Por ello, el objetivo fundamental de esta tesis doctoral es la obtención de nuevos materiales zeolíticos, empleándose para ello, cationes orgánicos que actuarán como agentes directores de estructura (ADEs) en la cristalización de zeolitas. Así, se ha estudiado el empleo cationes derivados de biciclopirrolidina como ADEs sintetizados mediante reacciones orgánicas de cicloadición [3+2]. Estos ADEs han sido efectivos en la síntesis de zeolitas, obteniéndose diversos sólidos microporosos cuya preparación había sido descrita anteriormente con otros cationes orgánicos. Sin embargo, uno de los cationes empleados ha dado lugar a la cristalización de una nueva zeolita, denominada ITQ-69, que presenta un sistema tridireccional de canales rectos, de poro pequeño (8 x 8 x 8 R) y ausencia de cavidades. Este material ha sido efectivo en la separación selectiva de propileno de propano en su forma de germanosilicato. La síntesis de zeolitas quirales, es sin duda el objetivo más ambicioso propuesto. En esta tesis se ha explorado el empleo de derivados de azúcares como parte fundamental en la síntesis de ADEs. En concreto, se ha explorado la isomanida como unidad sintética quiral en la preparación de dicationes quirales. Cuando la isomanida se combina con la presencia de imidazolios (altamente selectivos hacía la estructura STW) se ha obtenido un material STW en forma de germanosilicato. Este sólido cristaliza formando cristales de tamaño suficientemente grande como para realizar estudios de difracción de Rayos X en monocristal, y determinar el exceso enantiomérico de distintas preparaciones. En todos los casos, se obtiene cristales S-STW homoquirales enantimórficamente puros, constituyendo el primer ejemplo de obtención selectiva quiral de una zeolita reportado hasta la fecha. En esta parte de la tesis, también se obtuvieron zeolitas con topología STW empleando ADEs no quirales. Algunos de estos sólidos, se evaluaron en la separación de hidrocarburos con diferentes grados de ramificación (zeolita STW puramente silícea) y en la reducción selectiva de NO con propano (zeolita Al-STW intercambiadas con Cu). Finalmente, se han estudiado diferentes cationes organofosforados como ADEs. La elevada estabilidad de estos cationes en el medio de síntesis, ha permitido la obtención de una nueva zeolita, ITQ-70, que presenta un elevado grado de defectos de conectividad y una muy baja densidad de red. La estructura de la zeolita ITQ-70 presenta un sistema de supercavidades con ventanas interconectadas de acceso a las mismas (20 x 20 x 18 R) y cristaliza con un grupo de simetría proquiral. / [CAT] Zeolites are well-known for their industrial applications. The presence of pores of molecular dimensions forming a structured channels system confers them the property of performing as a molecular sieve. This characteristic of zeolites, combined with the possibility of modifying their chemical composition, structural defects, average crystal size, etc., provides them with exceptional properties for catalytic and separation processes. Up to now, 255 different zeolitic structures have been compiled. However, obtaining zeolites with new structures remains an important challenge in materials science and broadening their applications. Therefore, the main objective of this doctoral thesis is the obtention of new zeolitic materials using organic cations as structure-directing agents (SDAs) in the crystallization process. Thus, the use of bicyclopyrrolidine-derived cations as ADEs, synthesized by organic cycloaddition reactions [3+2], has been studied. Several microporous solids whose preparation had been previously described using other organic cations have been obtained by utilizing these bicyclopyrrolidine-derived cations as ADEs. In addition, the crystallization of a new zeolite, ITQ-69, has been reached. This structure presents a tridirectional system of straight small pore size channels (8 x 8 x 8 R) and the absence of cavities. ITQ-69, in its germanosilicate form, has been proved to be significantly effective for the separation of propylene from propane. Obtaining chiral zeolite is undoubtedly one of the most ambitious objectives proposed in the field of zeolite synthesis. In this thesis, sugar derivatives have been specifically considered as starting molecules for the synthesis of chiral ADEs. Particularly, the synthesis of dicationic ADEs starting from isomannide as a chiral synthetic unit has been explored. When isomannide was combined with imidazole (highly selective towards the STW structure), a STW-structure material in the form of germanosilicate was obtained. This solid crystallizes forming sufficiently large crystals to perform single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies and determine the enantiomeric excess of different preparations. In all cases, enantiomorphically pure homochiral S-STW crystals are obtained, constituting the first reported example of chiral selective synthesis of a zeolite. Zeolites with STW structure were also obtained using non-chiral ADEs. The properties of these microporous solids were evaluated in the separation of hydrocarbons with different branching, in the form of purely siliceous STW, and in the selective reduction of NO with propane using Cu-exchanged Al-STW zeolites. Finally, different organophosphorus cations have been studied as ADEs. The high stability of these cations in the zeolites crystallization medium has allowed the isolation of a new zeolite, ITQ-70, which presents a high number of connectivity defects and a very low lattice density. The structure of the ITQ-70 zeolite possesses a super-cavity system with interconnected access windows (20 x 20 x 18) and crystallized with a prochiral symmetry group. / [EN] Les zeolites han destacat per les seues aplicacions en processos catalítics i processos d'adsorció/separació de gasos d'alt impacte industrial. Açò és degut al fet que presenten propietats de tamís molecular a conseqüència de les seues estructures microporoses i, a més és possible ajustar les seues propietats catalítiques variant la seua composició química, presència de defectes estructutals, grandària del cristall, etc. Fins al moment es reconeixen 255 estructures zeolítiques diferents, però l'obtenció de zeolites amb noves estructures és un aspecte molt rellevant dins de la ciència de materials, ja que permet ampliar el rang d'aplicacions d'aquests materials. Per tant, l'aspecte fonamental d'aquesta tesi doctoral és l'obtenció de nous materials zeolítics empleant cations orgànics que actuaran com a agents directors d'estructura (ADEs) en la cristal·lització de zeolites. Així, s'ha explorat l'us de cations derivats de biciclopirrolidina com ADEs sintetitzats mitjançant reaccions orgàniques de cicloadició [3+2]. Aquests ADEs han sigut efectius en la síntesis de zeolites, obtenint-se diversos sòlids microporosos, la preparació dels quals havia sigut descrita anteriorment amb altres cations orgànics. No obstant, un dels cations empleats ha donat lloc a la cristal·lització d'una nova zeolita, denominada ITQ-69, que presenta un sistema tridireccional de canals rectes, porus xicotets (8 x 8 x 8 R) i absència de cavitats. Aquest material ha sigut efectiu en la separació selectiva de propilé de propà en la seua forma de germanosilicat. Dins de la síntesi de zeolites, la síntesi de zeolites quirals, és sens dubte un dels objectius més ambiciosos proposats. En aquesta tesi s'ha explorat l'ús de derivats de sucres com a part fonamental en la síntesi de ADEs. En concret, s'ha explorat la isomanida com a unitat sintètica quiral en la preparació de dications quirals. Quan la isomanida es combina amb la presència de imidazolios (altament selectius feia l'estructura STW) s'ha obtingut un material STW en forma de germanosilicato. Aquest sòlid cristal·litza formant cristalls de grandària prou gran com per a realitzar estudis de difracció de Raigs X en monocristall, i determinar l'excés enantioméric de diferents preparacions. En tots els casos, s'obté cristalls S-STW homoquirals enantimórficament purs, constituint el primer exemple d'obtenció selectiva quiral d'una zeolita reportat fins a la data. En aquesta part de la tesi, també es van obtindre zeolites amb topologia STW empleant ADEs no quirals. Alguns dels materials STW es van avaluar les propietats d'aquests sòlids microporosos en la separació d'hidrocarburs amb diferents graus de ramificació amb STW purament silici i en la reducció selectiva de NO amb propà empleant zeolites Al-STW intercanviades amb Cu. Finalment, s'han estudiat diferents cations organofosforats com ADEs. L'elevada estabilitat d'aquests cations en el mitjà de cristal·lització de zeolites ha permés aïllar una nova zeolita, ITQ-70, que presenta un elevat grau de defectes de connectivitat i una molt baixa densitat de xarxa. L'estructura de la zeolita ITQ-70 té un sistema compost per supercavitats amb finestres interconnectades d'accés a les mateixes (20 x 20 x 18) i cristal·litza amb un grup de simetria proquiral. / Al Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad por concederme la Beca BES-2016-078684 que ha permitido la realización de esta tesis doctoral, junto a la ayuda económica proporcionada en los proyectos MAT2015-71842 y RTI2018-101784-B-100. A la Generalitat Valenciana su financiación a través del proyecto PROMETEO/2021/07 y por último a la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y al Instituto de Tecnología Química (ITQ) por proporcionar las instalaciones y equipamiento necesarios para llevar a cabo el trabajo de investigación. / Sala Gascón, A. (2022). Síntesis y caracterización avanzada de materiales zeolíticos mediante el empleo de nuevos agentes orgánicos directores de estructura [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/186873 / TESIS

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:29:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marianne de Oliveira Falco.pdf: 1327193 bytes, checksum: f2c63ea5da2350c16f08f39b5e787803 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 / Objective: To assess the available scientific knowledge on the effect of nutritional treatment abnormality metabolic in adult patients living with Aids in the use of HAART and adherence of nutritional/diet therapy. Methods: A systematic review of literature was conducted through a search protocol developed by the authors: articles were searched in Pubmed, Lilacs and Cochrane, between 1996 and 2010, of the type: controlled clinical trial, randomized or crossover; were adults, living with HIV/Aids under anti-retroviral therapy showing no opportunistic diseases. The intervention of interest was oral nutritional supplementation and/or lifestyle changes through specific nutritional therapy: dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, lipodystrophy and systemic arterial hypertension. For qualitative classification of the articles we used the Jadad scale. The clinical trials, was controlled, randomized, open label, with a target population of adults with Aids in antiretroviral therapy and without opportunistic diseases. In the study on adherence was held randomized controlled trial and open. Among the 165 patients randomly assigned to two treatment groups for nutritional / dietary. The group treatment 1 (T1) and Treatment 2 (T2) received nutrition care, and the stage of nutritional diagnosis performed similarly in both groups and with service until completing treatment. With respect to conduct diet therapy groups (T1) and (T2)received nutritional counseling, group T2 also received individualized dietary plan. The groups had returns quaterly (T1) and monthly (T2). We considered dietary before and after the intervention and attendance at meetings as parameters of adherence to treatment. Results: In a systematic review 385 papers were found and seven met the inclusion criteria. The interventions applied in such studies were: diet plus physical exercises, diet plus supplement and only supplements. Dyslipidaemia was the common outcome to all studies. The studies assessing supplementation with omega 3 found significant reduction on triglycerides. Specific diet plus omega 3 supplementation showed an increase on HDL cholesterol. Supplementation with chromo nycotinate showed no effect on dyslipidaemia. Lifestyle modification,including diet and physical activity, drastically reduced the waist circumference, lipodystrophy and systolic arterial pressure. In the clinical trial among 165 patients in the study were 83 T1 and 82 T2. At the end of 7,3 months, 20% patients dropped out of the nutrition therapy. The T1 and T2 groups showed no significant difference in relation to socio demographic parameters. 15,63% of group T2 reached the goal considered optimal for adhesion while 42.65% of group T1 were 100% adherence to queries. The T1 and T2 groups showed a reduction to the risk of food consumption, increased consumption of protective foods, increased fractioning meals in T2 group. Conclusion: In the systematic review by lowering triglycerides with omega 3 supplementation was the greatest nutritional intervention with scientific evidence. Prescription diet seems to be the most appropriate intervention to increase HDL. Still can not make inferences about the nutritional treatment of total cholesterol, LDL and insulin resistance. In the study of adherence, there were no differences between groups T1and T2, in relation to adherence and in relation to the goals of food consumption. / Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento científico disponível sobre o efeito do tratamento nutricional nas alterações metabólicas em pacientes com Aids e a adesão destes ao serviço de Nutrição e ao tratamento nutricional/dietoterápico. Métodos: Para revisão sistemática, conduziu-se revisão sistemática de literatura por meio de protocolo de busca nas bases de dados: Pubmed, LIlacs e Cochrane, entre 1996 e 2010, do tipo ensaio clínico, controlado, randomizado, crossover, sendo a população alvo: adultos, vivendo com HIV/Aids, em uso de terapia anti-retroviral e sem doenças oportunistas. A intervenção de interesse foi suplementação nutricional via oral e/ou mudança de estilo de vida através de tratamento dietoterápico específico: dislipidemia, resistência insulínica, lipodistrofia e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Para o estudo de adesão realizou-se ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado e aberto. Cento e sessenta e cinco adultos com Aids em uso de TARV, alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos para tratamento nutricional/dietoterápico. Os grupos Tratamento1(T1) e Tratamento 2 (T2) receberam consulta de nutrição, sendo a etapa de diagnóstico nutricional realizada de mesma forma em ambos os grupos e com atendimento até completar o tratamento. Os grupos (T1) e (T2) receberam orientações nutricionais, o grupo T2 recebeu ainda plano alimentar individualizado. O grupo T1 tinha agendamento de retornos trimestrais e o T2 mensal. Consideraram-se repercussões dietéticas após a intervenção e assiduidade às reuniões como parâmetros de adesão ao tratamento. Resultados: Na revisão sistemática, após localizar 385 artigos, sete foram incluídos. As intervenções utilizadas nesses estudos foram: dieta, dieta mais exercício físico, dieta mais suplemento e somente suplementos. Dislipidemia foi desfecho avaliado em todos os estudos. Os estudos que avaliaram suplementação com ômega 3 encontraram redução significativa dos triglicérides. Dieta específica mais suplementação de ômega 3 mostrou aumento de HDL-colesterol. Suplementação com nicotinato de cromo não teve efeito sobre a dislipidemia. Modificação de estilo de vida reduziu, significativamente a circunferência da cintura, lipodistrofia e pressão arterial sistólica. No ensaio clínico dentre os 165 pacientes incluídos no estudo 83 receberam o T1 e 82 o T2. Ao final de 7,3 meses, 20% pacientes desistiram do tratamento nutricional. 15,63% dos pacientes do grupo T2 e 42,65% do grupo T2 atingiram a meta considerada ótima para adesão. Os grupos T1 e T2 apresentaram redução para o consumo de alimento de risco, aumento do consumo de alimentos de proteção, aumento e no fracionamento das refeições no grupo. Conclusão: Na revisão sistemática a redução de triglicérides pela suplementação com ômega 3 foi a intervenção nutricional com maiores evidências científicas. A prescrição de dieta parece ser a intervenção mais adequada para aumentar HDL. Ainda não é possível fazer inferências sobre o tratamento nutricional do colesterol total, LDL e resistência insulínica. No estudo de adesão, não houve diferenças entre os grupos T1 e T2, em relação à adesão às consultas analisada pela assiduidade e em relação às metas de consumo alimentar avaliada pelas modificações de hábitos alimentares.

[ES] Las zeolitas son materiales cristalinos microporosos con canales y tamaños de poro de dimensiones moleculares. La estructura y composición de las zeolitas les confiere interesantes propiedades que permiten su aplicación en una amplia gama de aplicaciones industriales como adsorción, separación o catálisis. La síntesis de zeolitas es la etapa más importante para el control de la estructura y composición de las zeolitas y, por tanto, crítica para la optimización de sus propiedades. Esta tesis se ha centrado en la síntesis de zeolitas utilizando compuestos que contienen fósforo (cationes fosfonio y aminofosfonio) como Agentes Directores de Estructura (P-ADE). El uso de compuestos fosforados influye en la cristalización y propiedades de las zeolitas obtenidas en comparación con las zeolitas obtenidas con cationes de amonio clásicos. Los compuestos fosforados se eligieron debido a su diferente química y estabilidad con respecto a los cationes de amonio clásicos comúnmente usados en la síntesis de zeolitas. Estos aspectos se estudiaron con un estudio comparativo de diferentes cationes de amonio y fosforados. Los compuestos de fósforo utilizados en este trabajo han dado lugar a nuevas estructuras cristalinas (ITQ-58 e ITQ-66) y han abierto nuevas vías de síntesis de zeolitas ya conocidas (RTH, IWV y DON), ampliando su gama de composiciones químicas. La descomposición térmica de los P-ADE confinados dentro de las zeolitas da lugar a la formación de especies de fósforo extra-red que permanecen dentro de los canales y cavidades de las zeolitas. Estas especies modulan las propiedades ácidas y de adsorción de los materiales finales dependiendo de los tratamientos post-síntesis. En este trabajo se ha estudiado una ruta para la incorporación de cantidades controladas de fósforo durante la etapa de síntesis. Esto ha permitido controlar la adsorción y las propiedades ácidas en las zeolitas de poro pequeño, lo que no se puede lograr mediante metodologías de post-síntesis. / [CA] Les zeolites són materials cristal·lins microporosos amb canals i mides de porus de dimensions moleculars. L'estructura i composició de les zeolites els confereix interessants propietats que permeten la seua aplicació en una àmplia gamma d'aplicacions industrials com adsorció, separació o catàlisi. La síntesi de zeolites és l'etapa més important per al control de l'estructura i composició de les zeolites i, per tant, crítica per a l'optimització de les seues propietats. Aquesta tesi s'ha centrat en la síntesi de zeolites utilitzant compostos que contenen fòsfor (cations fosfoni i aminofosfoni) com a agents directors d'estructura (P-ADE). L'ús de compostos fosforats influeix en la cristal·lització i propietats de les zeolites obtingudes en comparació amb les zeolites obtingudes amb cations d'amoni clàssics. Els compostos fosforats es van triar a causa de la seua diferent química i estabilitat pel que fa als cations d'amoni clàssics utilitzats en la síntesi de zeolites. Aquests aspectes s¿estudiaren amb un estudi comparatiu de diferents cations d'amoni i fosforats. Els compostos de fòsfor utilitzats en aquest treball han donat lloc a noves estructures cristal·lines (ITQ-58 i ITQ-66) i han obert noves vies de síntesi de zeolites ja conegudes (RTH, IWV i DO), ampliant la seua gamma de composicions químiques. La descomposició tèrmica dels P-ADE atrapats dins de les zeolites dona lloc a la for-mació d'espècies de fòsfor extra-xarxa que romanen dins dels canals i cavitats de les zeolites. Aquestes espècies modulen les propietats àcides i d'adsorció dels materials finals depenent dels tractaments post-síntesi. En aquest treball s'ha estudiat una ruta per la incorporació de quantitats controlades de fòsfor durant l'etapa de síntesi. Això ha permés controlar l'adsorció i les propietats àcides en les zeolites de porus petit, el que no es pot aconseguir mitjançant metodologies de post-síntesi. / [EN] Zeolites are microporous crystalline materials with channels and pore openings of molecular dimensions. The structure and composition of zeolites confers them interesting properties that allow their application in a wide range of industrial applications as adsorption, separation or catalysis. The synthesis of zeolites is the most important stage to control the structure and composition of zeolites, and thus, critical to optimize their properties. This thesis has been focused on the synthesis of zeolites using phosphorous containing compounds (phosphonium and aminophosphonium cations) as Organic Structure Directing Agents (P-OSDA). The use of these phosphorous compounds influence the crystallization and properties of the obtained zeolites compared to zeolites obtained with classical ammo-nium cations. Phosphorous compounds were chosen because of their different chemistry and stabil-ity properties respect to classical ammonium cations commonly used in the synthesis of zeo-lites. These aspects were studied in a comparative study with different ammonium and phosphorous cations. The phosphorous compounds used in this work have yielded new crystalline structures (ITQ-58 and ITQ-66) and opened new routes for the synthesis of already known zeolites (RTH, IWV and DON), widening their chemical composition range. The thermal decomposition of the P-OSDAs entrapped inside the zeolites yields to the formation of extra-framework phosphorus species that remain inside the channels and voids of the zeolites. These species modulate the adsorption and acid properties of the final materials depending on the post-synthesis treatments. In this work, a route for the incorporation of controlled amounts of phosphorus during the synthesis stage has been studied. This has allowed to control the adsorption and acid properties in small pores zeolites, which cannot be achieved by post-synthesis methodologies. / I wish to firstly acknowledge the Spanish Government for the necessary funding for the FPI pre-doctoral fellowship (BES-2013-062999). Also, this thesis would not have been possible without the infrastructures provided by the UPV and the CSIC staff, fused into the ITQ. Furthermore, I want to acknowledge the Microscopy Service of the UPV for their support in sample microscopy characterization / Simancas Coloma, J. (2021). Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolitic Materials Using Phosphorous Organic Structure Directing Agents [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171267 / TESIS

Electronic Legal Transaction: Comparative analysis with emphasis on the use of electronic signature under the EU law and laws of the Czech Republic and Germany Abstract (English) Objectives. This thesis provides a comparative analysis of electronic legal transactions under the EU law and laws of the Czech Republic and Germany, while emphasising the utilisation of higher versions of electronic signature, especially of a qualified electronic signature, which has legal effects of a handwritten signature in legal transactions performed by electronic means (Chapters 6 to 10). At the same time, increased attention is also paid to entirely novel concepts of advanced and qualified electronic seal, which are intended exclusively for use by juristic persons. The laws under scrutiny are based especially on recently adopted Regulation (EU) No 910/2014, known as eIDAS. To provide a general background, the comparative analysis is preceded by a theoretical part (Chapters 2 to 4, partially Chapter 5), dealing with the concept of legal transactions (also termed "legal acts" or "legal action") in general, while also focusing on the traditional handwritten signature and its functions, especially in view of the German and Czech legal doctrines and with occasional references to common law, as well as to requirements ensuing...

Electronic Legal Transaction: Comparative analysis with emphasis on the use of electronic signature under the EU law and laws of the Czech Republic and Germany Abstract (English) Objectives. This thesis provides a comparative analysis of electronic legal transactions under the EU law and laws of the Czech Republic and Germany, while emphasising the utilisation of higher versions of electronic signature, especially of a qualified electronic signature, which has legal effects of a handwritten signature in legal transactions performed by electronic means (Chapters 6 to 10). At the same time, increased attention is also paid to entirely novel concepts of advanced and qualified electronic seal, which are intended exclusively for use by juristic persons. The laws under scrutiny are based especially on recently adopted Regulation (EU) No 910/2014, known as eIDAS. To provide a general background, the comparative analysis is preceded by a theoretical part (Chapters 2 to 4, partially Chapter 5), dealing with the concept of legal transactions (also termed "legal acts" or "legal action") in general, while also focusing on the traditional handwritten signature and its functions, especially in view of the German and Czech legal doctrines and with occasional references to common law, as well as to requirements ensuing...