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The aim of this final thesis is to make it easier for the customer of a new designed house to get a picture of what the house will look like inside before it has been built. A method, which can be applied by any construction company who likes to visualize there buildings, has been designed and tested. One works after a regular design planning which is transformed into a three dimensional model of the house. In a rendering program, materials and surfaces are chosen for the model and then a picture of the finished product is made. The programs used for this work are ADT 2006 and VIZ Render. To evaluate the use of this method I’ve chosen to cooperate with LB-Hus which is a housing company that is specialized in building detached houses. I applied the method on one of their new houses and together with their salesman we evaluated the result. The pictures fills its aim and makes it easier for the customer. The method is something LB-Hus could think of using in the future.

<p>The aim of this final thesis is to make it easier for the customer of a new designed house to get a picture of what the house will look like inside before it has been built.</p><p>A method, which can be applied by any construction company who likes to visualize there buildings, has been designed and tested. One works after a regular design planning which is transformed into a three dimensional model of the house. In a rendering program, materials and surfaces are chosen for the model and then a picture of the finished product is made. The programs used for this work are ADT 2006 and VIZ Render.</p><p>To evaluate the use of this method I’ve chosen to cooperate with LB-Hus which is a housing company that is specialized in building detached houses. I applied the method on one of their new houses and together with their salesman we evaluated the result.</p><p>The pictures fills its aim and makes it easier for the customer. The method is something LB-Hus could think of using in the future.</p>

Teaching of mathematics is one of the most complicated and demanding disciplines in a curriculum. The aim of a teacher is not only to communicate knowledge but also to engage the students, motivate them and involve in active learning process by encouraging them to construct their knowledge and competencies. Dynamic geometry systems based on the principle of constructionist learning enable to effectively involve students into the activity by constructing their mathematical knowledge and competencies. However, teachers of mathematics find it difficult to employ the systems since the technical skills of the teachers are inadequate. The visualization of secondary school geometry by using the systems of dynamic geometry systems, i.e. interactive microworlds, can help to solve the problem. The dissertation has analysed the methods of informatics which are employed to develop learning software, the capacities of dynamic geometry systems and the concepts of constructionist teaching and learning as well as interactive visualization. A model to create interactive microworlds is presented with reference to the implemented technological capacities of dynamic geometry systems and the didactics of constructionist teaching of mathematics. The syntax and semantics of dynamic geometry objects has been formalized through the abstract data types which help to describe scenarios of interactive visualization according to a model. The model has been implemented through the visualization of 9-10... [to full text] / Matematikos mokymas viena iš sudėtingiausių ir daugiausiai dėmesio reikalaujanti disciplina mokykliniame kurse. Mokytojo tikslas ne tik perteikti žinias, bet sudominti, motyvuoti ir įtraukti klasės mokinius į aktyvų mokymosi procesą konstruojant savo žinias ir gebėjimus. Dinaminės geometrijos sistemos grįstos konstrukcionistinio mokymosi principu padeda efektyviai įtraukti mokinius į veiklą konstruojant matematines žinias ir gebėjimus. Tačiau matematikos mokytojui sudėtinga naudoti šias sistemas, nes dažnai mokytojo techniniai gebėjimai yra nepakankami. Šiai problemai išspręsti gali padėti mokyklinės geometrijos vizualizavimas panaudojant dinaminės geometrijos sistemas – sukurti interaktyvūs mikropasauliai. Disertacijoje išnagrinėti informatikos metodai taikomi kuriant skaitmenines priemones mokymuisi, dinaminių geometrijos sistemų galimybės, konstrukcionistinio mokymo(si), interaktyvaus vizualizavimo sąvokos. Pateikiamas modelis interaktyviems mikropasauliams kurti atsižvelgiant į naudojamos dinaminės geometrijos sistemos technologines galimybes ir konstrukcionistinio matematikos mokymo didaktiką. Formalizuota dinaminės geometrijos objektų sintaksė ir semantika abstrakčiaisiais duomenų tipais, kuri padeda aprašyti scenarijus interaktyviam vizualizavimui pagal modelį. Modelis įgyvendintas vizualizuojant 9-10 klasės matematikos kursą. Sukurta apie 400 interaktyvių mikropasaulių. Atliktas įvertinimas parodė, kad modelis gali būti įgyvendintas įvairiose dinaminės geometrijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Teaching of mathematics is one of the most complicated and demanding disciplines in a curriculum. The aim of a teacher is not only to communicate knowledge but also to engage the students, motivate them and involve in active learning process by encouraging them to construct their knowledge and competencies. Dynamic geometry systems based on the principle of constructionist learning enable to effectively involve students into the activity by constructing their mathematical knowledge and competencies. However, teachers of mathematics find it difficult to employ the systems since the technical skills of the teachers are inadequate. The visualization of secondary school geometry by using the systems of dynamic geometry systems, i.e. interactive microworlds, can help to solve the problem. The dissertation has analysed the methods of informatics which are employed to develop learning software, the capacities of dynamic geometry systems and the concepts of constructionist teaching and learning as well as interactive visualization. A model to create interactive microworlds is presented with reference to the implemented technological capacities of dynamic geometry systems and the didactics of constructionist teaching of mathematics. The syntax and semantics of dynamic geometry objects has been formalized through the abstract data types which help to describe scenarios of interactive visualization according to a model. The model has been implemented through the visualization of 9-10... [to full text] / Matematikos mokymas viena iš sudėtingiausių ir daugiausiai dėmesio reikalaujanti disciplina mokykliniame kurse. Mokytojo tikslas ne tik perteikti žinias, bet sudominti, motyvuoti ir įtraukti klasės mokinius į aktyvų mokymosi procesą konstruojant savo žinias ir gebėjimus. Dinaminės geometrijos sistemos grįstos konstrukcionistinio mokymosi principu padeda efektyviai įtraukti mokinius į veiklą konstruojant matematines žinias ir gebėjimus. Tačiau matematikos mokytojui sudėtinga naudoti šias sistemas, nes dažnai mokytojo techniniai gebėjimai yra nepakankami. Šiai problemai išspręsti gali padėti mokyklinės geometrijos vizualizavimas panaudojant dinaminės geometrijos sistemas – sukurti interaktyvūs mikropasauliai. Disertacijoje išnagrinėti informatikos metodai taikomi kuriant skaitmenines priemones mokymuisi, dinaminių geometrijos sistemų galimybės, konstrukcionistinio mokymo(si), interaktyvaus vizualizavimo sąvokos. Pateikiamas modelis interaktyviems mikropasauliams kurti atsižvelgiant į naudojamos dinaminės geometrijos sistemos technologines galimybes ir konstrukcionistinio matematikos mokymo didaktiką. Formalizuota dinaminės geometrijos objektų sintaksė ir semantika abstrakčiaisiais duomenų tipais, kuri padeda aprašyti scenarijus interaktyviam vizualizavimui pagal modelį. Modelis įgyvendintas vizualizuojant 9-10 klasės matematikos kursą. Sukurta apie 400 interaktyvių mikropasaulių. Atliktas įvertinimas parodė, kad modelis gali būti įgyvendintas įvairiose dinaminės geometrijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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This thesis is made up of three parts on the computation of scattering properties of nonspherical particles in the atmosphere. In the first part, a new crystal type-droxtal-is introduced to make a better representation of the shape of small ice crystals in the uppermost portions of midlatitude and tropical cirrus clouds. Scattering properties of droxtal ice crystals are investigated by using the Improved-Geometric Optic (IGO) method. At the visible wavelength, due to the presence of the hexagonal structure, all elements of the phase matrix of droxtal ice crystals share some common features with hexagonal ice crystals, such as 220 and 460 halos. In the second part of this thesis, the possibility of enhancing the performance of current Anomalous Diffraction Theory (ADT) is investigated. In conventional ADT models, integrations are usually carried out in the domain of the particle projection. By transforming the integration domain to the domain of scaled projectile length, the algorithm of conventional ADT models is enhanced. Because the distribution of scaled projectile length is independent of the particle's physical size as long as the shape remains the same, the new algorithm is especially efficient for the calculation of a large number of particles with the same shape but different sizes. Finally, in the third part, the backscattering properties of nonspherical ice crystals at the 94GHz frequency are studied by employing the Finite-Difference Time- Domain (FDTD) method. The most important factor that controls the backscattering cross section is found to be the ratio of the volume-equal radius to the maximum dimension of the ice crystal. Substantial differences in backscattering cross sections are found between horizontal orientated and randomly oriented ice crystals. An analytical formula is derived for the relationship between the ice water (IWC) content and the radar reflectivity ( e Z ). It is shown that a change to the concentration of ice crystals without any changes on the size distribution or particle habits leads only to a linear e Z IWC - relationship. The famous power law e Z IWC - relationship is the result of the shift of the peak of particle size distribution.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is heterogeneous containing phenotypically diverse cells. It is unclear whether these phenotypically different PCa cells are functionally distinct and possess divergent tumorigenic potential. Androgen signaling plays important roles in differentiation and survival of malignant PCa cells, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) as one of the androgen signaling target genes is used as a biomarker of AR signaling to assess tumor progression and evaluate therapeutic efficiency in clinic. Here we present evidence for discordant AR and PSA expression resulting in AR⁺/PSA⁺, AR⁺/PSA⁻, AR⁻/PSA⁻, and AR⁻/PSA⁺ PCa cells in human tumors. We also show that prostate tumor PSA mRNA levels inversely correlate with poor clinical outcomes and patient survival. By employing a lentiviral reporter system, we have fractionated bulk PCa cells into PSA⁺ and PSA⁻[superscript '/lo'] cell populations, with the former being AR⁺/PSA⁺ and the latter containing both AR⁺/PSA⁻ and AR⁻/PSA⁻ cells. The PSA⁺ and PSA⁻[superscript '/lo'] PCa cells demonstrate distinct molecular, cellular, and tumor-propagating properties. PSA⁻[superscript '/lo'] PCa cells are quiescent and refractory to stresses including androgen deprivation, exhibit high clonogenic potential, and possess long-term tumor-propagating capacity. They preferentially express stem cell genes and can undergo asymmetric cell division to generate PSA⁺ cells. Of great clinical interest, PSA⁻[superscript '/lo'] PCa cells can initiate robust tumor development and resist androgen ablation in castrated hosts, and they harbor highly tumorigenic castration resistant PCa cells. In contrast, PSA⁺ PCa cells possess more limited tumor-propagating capacity, undergo symmetric division, and are sensitive to castration. Systemic androgen levels dynamically regulate the relative abundance of PSA⁺/PSA⁻[superscript '/lo'] PCa cells in the tumors, which in turn impact the kinetics of tumor growth. Further studies reveal that the PSA⁻[superscript '/lo'] PCa cell population harbors several overlapping but nonidentical tumorigenic subsets including ALDH⁺, CD44⁺, and [alpha]2[beta]1⁺ cells and ALDH⁺CD44⁺[alpha]2[beta]1⁺ can further enrich castration resistant PCa cells. These observations together suggest that heterogeneous PCa cells are organized as a tumorigenic hierarchy. Our results have important implications in understanding how different subpopulations of PCa cells manifest differential responses to current androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). / text

In this dissertation it is shown that abstract data types (ADTs) can be specified by the Classified Model (CM) specification language - a first-order Horn language with equality and sort "classification" assertations. It is shown how these sort assertations generalize the traditional syntactic signatures of ADT specifications, resulting in all of the specification capability of traditional equational specifications, but with the improved expressibility of the Horn-with-equality language and additional theorem proving applications such as program synthesis. This work extends corresponding results from Many Sorted Algebra (MSA), Order Sorted Algebra (OSA) and Order Sorted Model (OSM) specification techniques by promoting their syntactic signatures to assertions in the Classified Model Specification language, yet retaining sorted quantification. It is shown how this solves MSA problems such as error values, polymorphism and subtypes in a way different from the OSA and OSM solutions. However, the CM technique retains the MSA and order sorted approach to parameterization. The CS generalization also suggests the use of CM specifications to axiomatize modules as a generalization of variables within Hoare Logic, with application to a restricted, but safe, use of procedures as state changing operations and functions as value returning operations of a module. CM proof theory and semantics are developed, including theorems for soundness, completeness and the existence of a free model.

ANU Library Australian Digital Thesis Program.