Cianobactérias, conhecidas por sua habilidade de sintetizar metabólitos com ação tóxica, podem se tornar dominantes em águas com altas concentrações de nitrogênio e fósforo. Embora a toxicidade do glifosato, o herbicida mais usado no mundo, em alguns organismos aquáticos seja conhecida, poucos estudos abordam o efeito desse composto sobre a produção de metabólitos secundários por cianobactérias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes concentrações de glifosato (produto técnico) sobre o crescimento e produção de cianotoxinas e microgininas pelas cepas brasileiras Microcystis aeruginosa LTPNA 08 e Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii CENA 302. Na presença de 15 mg/L de glifosato, o crescimento e a produção de toxinas pela M. aeruginosa foram reduzidos e de microgininas significativamente aumentada. Já a C. raciborskii, quando exposta à 20 mg/L de glifosato teve seu crescimento e síntese de clorofila-a, carotenoides e saxitoxinas aumentados. Concentrações superiores a 20 e 30 mg/L impediram o crescimento celular das cepas LTPNA 08 e CENA 302, respectivamente. A análise de ácidos graxos mostrou perfis bastante distintos entre as cepas. Na cepa LTPNA 08, enquanto que na presença de 10 mg/L de glifosato ocorreu diminuição do teor do ácido linoleico, o ácido estearidônico foi aumentado. Nenhuma das concentrações testadas promoveu alteração sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos da cepa CENA 302. A toxicidade de 5 produtos formulados a base de glifosato foi comparada ao produto técnico em ambas as linhagens-teste. Observou-se uma resistência distinta entre as cepas e toxicidade também variável entre as formulações comerciais. Sendo assim, diante da elevada resistência das cianobactérias M. aeruginosa e C. raciborskii ao glifosato, e considerando-se a elevada interferência antrópica através das práticas agrícolas, pode-se inferir que o uso excessivo e frequente desse herbicida é capaz de estimular o crescimento e dominância desses organismos, podendo modificar a estrutura e funcionalidade de ecossistemas aquáticos / Cyanobacteria, known for their ability to synthesize toxic metabolites, can become dominant in water bodies with high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Although the toxicity of glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide in the world, in some aquatic organisms is well known, few studies address the effect of this compound on the production of secondary metabolites by cyanobacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different concentrations the herbicide glyphosate (technical grade) on growth and production of cyanotoxins and microginins by Brazilian strains of Microcystis aeruginosa LTPNA 08 and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii CENA 302. In the presence of 15 mg/L of glyphosate, growth and toxin production by M. aeruginosa were reduced and microginins cell quota significantly increased. The C. raciborskii strain, when exposed to 20 mg/L of glyphosate, had the growth, and chlorophyll-a, carotenoids and saxitoxins production increased. Concentrations above 20 and 30 mg/L prevented cell growth of LTPNA 08 and CENA 302 strains, respectively. Fatty acid analysis showed distinct profiles among the strains. When exposed to 10 mg/L of glyphosate, a decrease in the linoleic acid and increase in stearidonic acid content were observed in M. aeruginosa LTPNA 08 strain. None of the tested concentrations of glyphosate promoted change on the fatty acid profile of CENA 302 strain. The toxicity of 5 glyphosate formulated products was compared to technical product to both strains. There was a distinct resistance among strains and also a variable toxicity among formulated products. Thus, given the high glyphosate resistance of M. aeruginosa and C. raciborskii cyanobacteria, and considering the high anthropogenic interference through agri cultural practices, it can be inferred that excessive and frequent use of this herbicide is able to stimulate growth and dominance of these organisms, which may modify the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems

O aumento da incidência de florações de cianobactérias potencialmente tóxicas nos mananciais de abastecimento, favorecidas pelo elevado aporte de nutrientes nos corpos d\'água, compromete a qualidade da água de consumo e põe em risco a saúde humana e animal, além de elevar os custos do tratamento de água. A pré-cloração, tem se mostrado uma ótima opção tanto na inativação de cianobactérias como na remoção de cianotoxinas dissolvidas. No entanto, sob certas condições, pode causar lise celular e promover a liberação das toxinas no meio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar em escala laboratorial, o efeito da pré-cloração, utilizando como agente oxidante o hipoclorito de sódio, sobre a integridade celular de uma linhagem tóxica de Microcystis aeruginosa (LTPNA 08), por citometria de fluxo, e sobre a subsequente liberação e degradação das microcistinas (LR e RR) por LC-MS/ MS. Diferentes dosagens de cloro (0,05, 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, 2,5, 3, 4 e 8 mg.L-1), tempos de contato (0, 15, 30 e 60 minutos) e densidade celular (1x106 células.mL-1 para os ensaios de jarros e 3,5 x106 células.mL-1 para o ensaio de viabilidade celular) foram utilizadas neste estudo. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios de jarros mostraram remoções de microcistinas acima de 70% após 60 minutos de exposição ao oxidante, com 100% de remoção em doses de 2,5 e 3 mg Cl2.L-1. Valores de CT (concentração x tempo) acima de 40,66 mg.min.L-1 foram necessários para degradar as microcistinas a concentrações abaixo de 1,0 µg.L-1, exigidos pela organização mundial de saúde (WHO) e pela legislação brasileira de potabilidade da água (Portaria MS nº 2914/2011). Não foi possível verificar a lise celular por microscopia óptica, no entanto, na análise por HPLC-DAD verificou-se degradação de mais de 70% da clorofila-a em todas as dosagens testadas, após 60 minutos de exposição, com a completa degradação nas concentrações de 2,5 e 3 mg.L-1 Cl2, indicando dano celular. Nos ensaios por citometria de fluxo, foi verificada a perda da integridade celular com o aumento da dosagem de cloro aplicada, observando-se a permeabilidade celular máxima, sem a desintegração da célula, na concentração de 2,5 mg.L-1 Cl2. Concentrações de 4 e 8 mg.L1 Cl2 promoveram a lise total das células, impossibilitando a permanência do marcador na célula. A perda dos pigmentos clorofila a e ficocianina ocorreram em concentrações de acima de 2,5 e acima de 1,5 mg.L-1 Cl2, respectivamente. O presente trabalho reforçou a eficiência da cloração na degradação das toxinas e os resultados obtidos podem ajudar as autoridades competentes a otimizar as práticas de cloração utilizadas no pré-tratamento da água. / The increased incidence of blooms of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in supply sources, favored by high input of nutrients in water bodies, compromises the quality of drinking water and affect human and animal health, besides increasing water treatment costs. The pre-chlorination, has proved a great choice both in the inactivation of cyanobacterial cells as in removing dissolved cyanotoxins. However, under certain conditions, can cause cell lysis and release toxins. The objective of this study was to evaluate in laboratory scale, the effect of pre-chlorination, using sodium hypochlorite, on cell integrity of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa (LTPNA 08) using flow cytometry, and the subsequent release and degradation of microcystins (LR and RR) by LC-MS / MS. Different chlorine doses (0.05, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4 and 8 mg.L-1), contact times (0, 15, 30 and 60 minutes) and cell density (1x106 células.mL-1 for jar-test and 3.5 x106 células.mL-1 for cell viability assay) were used in this study. The results obtained in the jar- test showed degradations up to 70% after 60 minutes of exposure, with complete degradation at chlorine doses of 2,5 e 3 mg.L-1. Chlorine exposure (CT) values over 40,66 mg.min.L-1 were required for oxidation of microcystin LR and RR to concentrations below the World Health Organization (WHO) and Brazilian legislation for water potability (Portaria MS nº 2914/2011) guideline value of 1µg.L-1. No differences in cell number was observed by microscopy, however, analysis by HPLC-DAD found chlorophyll-a reductions of more than 70% in all dosages tested after 60 minutes exposure, with values below the limit of quantification for concentrations of 2.5 and 3 mg.L-1 Cl2, indicating cell damage. In assays using flow cytometry, loss of cell integrity was observed with increasing chlorine concentration. The maximum cell permeability without cell disintegration was observed at a concentration of 2.5 mg.L-1 Cl2. Concentrations of 4 and 8 mg.L-1 Cl2 lead to complete cell lysis, making impossible the permanence of SYTOX Green in the cell. The loss of pigment chlorophyll a and phycocyanin occurred in concentrations above 2.5 and 1.5 mg.L-1 Cl2, respectively. This study reinforced the efficiency of chlorination in the toxins degradation and the results can help the water authorities to optimize the chlorination practices used in the pretreatment of water.

Opções terapêuticas para tratar infecções por Pseudomonas aeruginosa são limitadas por seus diversos mecanismos de resistência, que podem ou não ser detectados no laboratório clínico. Um fenótipo observado na rotina laboratorial é o surgimento de subpopulações resistentes a partir de uma população sensível aos antimicrobianos – heteroresistência. Em P. aeruginosa esse fenômeno já foi investigado para carbapenêmicos, porém, em relação à polimixina B, não há dados literários. Objetivamos avaliar a heteroresistência à polimixina B em dois grupos de P. aeruginosa, um sensível e outro resistente aos carbapenêmicos. Cento e vinte e quatro isolados de P. aeruginosa foram obtidos, aleatoriamente, no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre em 2011. O perfil de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos, disco difusão e microdiluição em caldo – CIM (determinação da concentração inibitória mínima) para polimixina B, foi realizada conforme o Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) 2011. Isolados resistentes aos carbapenêmicos foram avaliados para CIM dos carbapenêmicos e cefalosporinas, e para pesquisa fenotípica e genotípica de metalo-β-lactamase (MβL). Um total de 24/124 isolados foi separado em dois grupos, um sensível (grupo S) e outro resistente (grupo R) aos carbapenêmicos (imipenem e/ou meropenem) para investigação da heteroresistência a polimixina B. Realizou-se ensaio de heteroresistência em duplicata através de diluições seriadas, partindo de uma suspensão de 0,5 de MacFarland e inoculadas em Agar Mueller Hinton com concentrações crescentes de polimixina B (0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4 e 8μg/mL). Após 5 dias de passagem em meio sem antibiótico, foi determinada a CIM dos isolados que cresceram na concentração mais alta de polimixina B. O perfil de análise populacional (PAP) foi definido pela razão do número de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC) da placa com maior concentração de polimixina B onde houve crescimento bacteriano, pelo número de UFC da placa sem antibiótico. Foram consideradas heteroresistentes amostras que apresentaram subpopulações com crescimento em concentração de polimixina B ≥ 2 μg/mL. Amostras com subpopulações com crescimento em concentração de polimixina B superiores duas vezes ao CIM original, mas < 2 μg/mL, foram classificadas como heterogêneas. O resultado do disco difusão indicou heterogeneidade de suscetibilidade, sendo que gentamicina e imipenem foram os antibióticos com maior percentual de resistência e aztreonam e ciprofloxacino apresentaram os maiores perfis de sensibilidade. Todos os isolados foram sensíveis à polimixina B, com CIM50 e CIM90 de 1μg/mL e 2μg/mL, respectivamente. Trinta e sete isolados (30%; 37/124) apresentaram resistência aos carbapenêmicos. Quatro amostras foram positivas para MβL no teste fenotípico, sendo que o gene blaIMP foi idenficado nestas amostras. O grupo S não apresentou subpopulação heteroresistente, porém 3 isolados apresentaram subpopulação heterogênea. A freqüência do PAP no grupo S variou entre 2,1x10-4 a 4,0x10-7. O grupo R apresentou uma amostra heteroresistente e 6 isolados apresentaram subpopulação heterogênea, a freqüência do PAP variou entre 2,6x10-4 a 2,0x10-7. Os resultados deste estudo indicam baixa ocorrência de heteroresistência à polimixina B em amostras de P. aeruginosa tanto resistentes quanto sensíveis aos carbapenêmicos. No entanto, diversas amostras apresentaram subpopulações heterogêneas (CIM aumentada para a polimixina B), o que poderia explicar eventuais falhas terapêuticas durante o tratamento. / Therapeutic options to treat infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are limited because of their different resistance mechanisms that can be or don't be detected in the clinical laboratory. A phenotype that has been observed in our laboratory is the emergence of resistant subpopulations from a population sensitive to antibiotics - a phenomenon named heteroresistance. In P. aeruginosa this phenomenon has been investigated for carbapenems, however, in relation to the polymyxin B no data in the literature. We investigate the heteroresistance and polymyxin B into two groups P. aeruginosa, one sensitive and second resistant to carbapenems. One hundred twenty-four strains of P. aeruginosa were obtained randomly at the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre in 2011. The Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (Disk-difusion and the microdiluition broth, with determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for polymyxin B, was performed according the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), 2011. Isolates resistant to carbapenems were evaluated for MIC of carbapenems and cephalosporins, also for phenotypic and genotypic metallo-β-lactamase (MβL). A total of 24/124 strains were separated in two groups, one sensitive (S group) and other resistant (R group) to carbapenems (imipenem and / or meropenem) for investigation of heteroresistance polymyxin B. The assay was performed in duplicate heteroresistance through serial dilutions, starting from a 0.5 MacFarland suspension and inoculated into Mueller Hinton Agar with increasing concentrations of polymyxin B (0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4 e 8μg/mL). After 5 days of passage in medium without antibiotics, was determined the MIC of the isolates that grew at the highest concentration of polymyxin B. The population analysis profile (PAP) was defined as the ratio of the number of colony forming units (CFU) on the card with the highest concentration of polymyxin B in which bacterial growth, the number of CFU plate without antibiotic. We considered heteroresistant samples that showed subpopulations with growth in concentration of polymyxin B ≥ 2 mg / mL. Samples with subpopulations growing at higher concentration of polymyxin B twice CIM original, but <2 mg / mL were classified as heterogeneous. The result of AST indicated heterogeneity of susceptibility, and gentamicin and imipenem were the highest percentage with antibiotic resistance and aztreonam and norfloxacin showed the highest sensitivity profiles. All isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B, with CIM50 and CIM90 of 1μg/mL and 2μg/mL, respectively. Thirty-seven isolates (30%; 37/124) were resistant to carbapenems. Four samples were positive for the phenotypic test to MβL and the blaIMP gene was indentificated in this samples. The S group showed no subpopulation heteroresistente, but 3 isolates showed heterogeneous subpopulation. The frequency of PAP in group S varied between 2,0x10-4 to 4,0x10-7. The group R provided a sample heteroresistant and 6 isolates showed heterogeneous subpopulation, the frequency of PAP varied between 2,6x10- 4 a 2,0x10-7. The results of this study indicate a low occurrence of heteroresistance to polymyxin B in samples of P. aeruginosa so resistant assensitive to carbapenems. However, several samples showed heterogeneous subpopulations (MIC increased to polymyxin B) which could explain possible treatment failure during treatment.

L'utilisation de virus de bactéries ou bactériophages pourrait être un complément efficace à l’antibiothérapie. Mon travail a porté sur la caractérisation de bactériophages dirigés contre l’espèce Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pathogène opportuniste responsable d'infections des voies respiratoires des patients atteints de mucoviscidose.J'ai tout d'abord déterminé la sensibilité des souches mucoviscidosiques au Pyophage (un cocktail de phages thérapeutiques Géorgien) et identifié six phages lytiques de quatre genres différents. Environ 15% des souches sont résistantes au Pyophage. Ensuite, en utilisant les souches cliniques multi-résistantes aux phages comme bactérie d’enrichissement, 32 phages ont été obtenus à partir des eaux usées de France et Côte d’Ivoire. Tous les phages analysés sont caudés et distribués au sein de dix genres parmi lesquels six exclusivement lytiques. J'ai identifié des souches bactériennes qui demeurent insensibles à tous les phages. J'ai montré que le système CRISPRs-Cas n'est pas associé à la résistance des souches aux phages lytiques. / The use of viruses of bacteria commonly called bacteriophages could constitute an efficient complement to antibiotics. During my PhD, I have characterized phages infecting the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas. aeruginosa, responsible for lung infections in cystic fribrosis patients. Firstly, I investigated the efficiency of Pyophage (a cocktail of phages therapeutic Georgian) on clinical P. aeruginosa strains and recovered six lytic phages from four different genus. The Pyophage appears to be unactive on approximately 15% of clinical strains. Secondly, and using multi-phages resistant strains as enrichment bacteria, 32 phages were isolated from waste water of France and Côte d’Ivoire. All phages are tailed and distributed within ten different genus including six exclusively lytic. I identified bacterial strains which remain insensitive to all phages. I also demonstrated that the CRISPRs-cas system plays no role in the resistance of strains to lytic phages.

Soutenue par le renouveau de la phagothérapie, la découverte de nouveaux bactériophages (phages) nous a permis de définir deux nouveaux genres de virus dénommés Kpp10virus et Pakpunavirus dont les mécanismes infectieux sont inconnus. Il est admis que le succès d’un cycle infectieux est notamment assuré par une réappropriation efficace des ressources de la cellule hôte, conduisant à sa transformation en « virocellule », c’est-à-dire, un organisme cellulaire exclusivement dédié à la production de particules virales. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d’apporter une vision globale des stratégies moléculaires utilisées par les virus appartenant aux genres Kpp10virus et Pakpunavirus (respectivement représentés par les phages PAK_P3 et PAK_P4) pour infecter le pathogène opportuniste Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dans un premier temps, nous avons évalué leurs propriétés intrinsèques en analysant le contenu de leurs génomes, leurs spectres d’hôtes, leurs paramètres de croissance ainsi qu’en identifiant leur récepteur bactérien. Dans un second temps, une combinaison d’approches transcriptomiques et métabolomiques a permis de montrer que ces deux virus ont des programmes transcriptionnels similaires, incluant notamment une régulation temporelle de leur expression génétique et la production de transcrits antisens. De plus, ils provoquent tous deux la dégradation rapide de 90% des ARNm de l’hôte, qui sont alors remplacés par des ARNm viraux. Malgré cette dégradation, nous avons constaté que ces deux phages redirigent les voies de biosynthèse bactériennes plutôt que de provoquer une extinction totale du métabolisme cellulaire, en utilisant cependant des mécanismes différents. De plus, nous avons détecté l’activation, par l’hôte, d’une réponse commune en réponse à une infection par PAK_P3 ou PAK_P4 et avons émis l’hypothèse qu’il s’agit d’une tentative de réparation des importants dommages ARN induits par l’infection virale. Enfin, nous avons étudié les fonctions d’une protéine virale (Gp92), largement conservée chez les virus appartenant à ces deux genres et qui est produite au stade précoce du cycle infectieux. Lorsqu’elle est produite seule chez l’hôte, cette protéine altère la morphologie cellulaire et interagit avec un complexe de régulation bactérien de type sigma/anti-sigma impliqué dans la réponse au stress (appelé AlgU-MucA). Notre étude suggère un rôle potentiel de Gp92 dans l’atténuation du stress provoqué par l’infection virale. Ce manuscrit fournit un modèle de transformation d’une cellule de P. aeruginosa en « virocellule » au cours de l’infection par PAK_P3 ou PAK_P4. De plus, la comparaison des stratégies de ces deux virus, vraisemblablement issus d’un ancêtre commun, nous a permis de discuter l’évolution des mécanismes infectieux chez les phages virulents / Previous investigations in the field of phage therapy led to the discovery of two new genera of bacteriophages (phages), namely Kpp10virus and Pakpunavirus whose infection mechanisms are unknown. It is acknowledged that a successful infection is notably ensured by an effective takeover of host cell resources, leading to its transformation into a virocell, a cellular organism exclusively dedicated to the production of progeny phages.This PhD work aims to provide a comprehensive view of molecular strategies set up by Kpp10virus and Pakpunavirus (represented by phages PAK_P3 and PAK_P4, respectively) to infect the opportunist pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.First, we assessed phage intrinsic properties by analyzing their genomic content, evaluating their host range and growth parameters and identifying their bacterial receptor.Then, by coupling transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches, we found that both viruses have similar transcriptional programs, with a temporal regulation of their gene expression and production of antisense transcripts. They both strikingly prompt a rapid degradation of 90% of host mRNAs, which are eventually replaced by viral RNAs. Despite this extensive degradation, we found that both phages do not shutoff host metabolism but redirect biosynthesis pathways, however through different mechanisms. In addition, we found that a common host response is elicited upon both PAK_P3 and PAK_P4 infections and hypothesized it represents an attempt of the host to repair extensive RNA damage.Finally, we investigated the functions of an early produced phage protein (Gp92), broadly conserved in both phage genera, in order to identify particular mechanisms of host subversion used by these phages. When expressed alone in the host, Gp92 alters cell morphology and interacts with the bacterial regulatory complex sigma/anti-sigma involved in stress response (namely AlgU- MucA). Our study suggests a potential role of Gp92 in alleviating the stress caused by phage infection.This manuscript provides a model of virocell transformation upon infection of P. aeruginosa by PAK_P3 or PAK_P4. In addition, by comparing their reproductive strategies, it addresses the evolution of infection mechanisms in virulent phages deriving from a common ancestor

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Physiologie, Biologie des organismes, populations, interactions : Lille 2 : 2008. / Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. f. 143-175.

The Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious opportunistic pathogen of individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). Pseudomonas aeruginosa establishes a chronic infection within the CF lung, where the sputum accumulation characteristic of CF provides a complex and copious growth substrate. P. aeruginosa can grow to high densities in vivo (>10⁹ cells/ml lung sputum), and exacerbations associated with P. aeruginosa high density in vivo growth are primary contributors to CF morbidity and mortality. Surprisingly little is known about the catabolic processes that underlie P. aeruginosa in vivo growth. Unfortunately, nutritional modeling of the CF lung environment in animal models is difficult, as current animal models fail to mimic the sputum accumulation characteristic of CF. In this dissertation, I describe the use of expectorated CF sputum as a P. aeruginosa in vitro growth medium. Using global expression analysis, I show that P. aeruginosa up-regulates genes important for amino acid and lactate metabolism during growth in CF sputum as compared to a laboratory medium. P. aeruginosa also demonstrates enhanced production of the cell-cell communication signal 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (the Pseudomonas quinolone signal, PQS), a critical regulator of virulence factor production, during growth in CF sputum. Further, I use chemical analyses of CF sputum samples to develop a defined, synthetic medium that can be used to nutritionally model in vivo conditions. Using this medium, I show that PQS biosynthesis and aromatic amino acid metabolism are intimately linked and that cell-cell communication mediated by PQS is strikingly dependent upon the growth environment of P. aeruginosa. In addition, I demonstrate that P. aeruginosa preferentially consumes specific carbon sources present in the CF sputum milieu during rapid growth. I also describe the use of in vivo-relevant nutrient concentrations to evaluate the potential for P. aeruginosa anaerobic growth in CF sputum. Finally, I describe the purification and characterization of the aromatic amino acid-responsive transcriptional regulator PhhR and discuss its potential role in regulation of P. aeruginosa in vivo carbon substrate preference. / text

This work was undertaken with the objective of isolating and characterising the bdh gene of P. aeruginosa PAOI. Isolation of the bdh gene was initially attempted by PCR amplification and then by heterologous complementation of E. coli (LS5218) and S. meliloti (Rm11107) strains unable to catabolise 3-hydroxybutyrate. Three classes of plasmids were isolated. Class I comprised two plasmids, p5218-02 and p5218-07, isolated via complementation of LS5218, which were capable of complementing both LS5218 and Rm11107 for growth on 3-hydroxybutyrate. 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) activity was not detected in an extract of LS5218 (p5218-02). The sole 3.6-kb EcoRI fist was partially sequenced and found to have three putative open reading frames (ORF). ORF 1 is homologous to the fusE gene of E. coli. We hypothesised that p5218-02 encodes an enzyme capable of degrading 3 hydroxybutyrate, but does not encode the bdh gene. Plasmids of class II (p30065) and class III (p30066) were isolated via complementation of Rm11107. Significant BDH activity was detected in an extract of Rm11107 (p30066), but not in Rm11107, leading to the hypothesis that p30066 carries the bdh gene.

Disertacijos tema: Potencialių hospitalinės pneumonijos sukėlėjų Pseudomonas aeruginosa ir Klebsiella pneumoniae patogeniškumo veiksniai bei jų įtaka ligos eigai Darbo tikslas -ištirti Pseudomonas aeruginosa ir Klebsiella pneumoniae padermių, kolonizavusių apatinius kvėpavimo takus ar sukėlusių hospitalinę pneumoniją, patogeniškumo veiksnius ir jų įtaką hospitalinės pneumonijos eigai. Uždaviniai: • Ištirti hospitalinę pneumoniją sukėlusių ar apatinius kvėpavimo takus kolonizavusių Pseudomonas aeruginosa padermių patogeniškumo veiksnius - atsparumą serumo baktericidiniam poveikiui, gebėjimą įsiskverbti į kvėpavimo takų epitelio ląsteles, atsparumą antibiotikams ir O serogrupinę priklausomybę. • Įvertinti Pseudomonas aeruginosa padermių patogeniškumo veiksnių tarpusavio sąsajas. • Ištirti Klebsiella pneumoniae padermių, sukėlusių hospitalinę pneumoniją ar kolonizavusių apatinius kvėpavimo takus, gebėjimą gaminti plataus spektro beta laktamazes bei atsparumą antibiotikams. • Įvertinti Pseudomonas aeruginosa ir Klebsiella pneumoniae padermių patogeniškumo veiksnių įtaką hospitalinės pneumonijos eigai. Darbas yra pirmas Lietuvoje, kurio metu ne tik nustatytas Pseudomonas aeruginosa patogeniškumo veiksnys – atsparumas serumo baktericidiniam poveikiui, bet ir įvertinta galima šį patogeniškumo veiksnį įgijusių Pseudomonas aeruginosa padermių įtaka hospitalinės pneumonijos vystytis bei ligos eigai. Pirmą kartą apskritai vertintas Pseudomonas aeruginosa padermių gebėjimas įsiskverbti į... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study: To examine pathogenicity factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, colonizing lower respiratory tract or causing hospital-acquired pneumonia, and to evaluate their influence on the course of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Objectives of the sudy: 1. To examine pathogenicity factors – resistance to serum bactericidal activity, ability to penetrate epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, dependence of O serogroup, and resistance to antibiotics – of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, colonizing lower respiratory tract or causing hospital-acquired pneumonia. 2. To evaluate the relationship between pathogenicity factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. 3. To examine the ability of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, colonizing lower respiratory tract or causing hospital-acquired pneumonia, to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and resistance of these pathogen to antibiotics. 4. To evaluate the influence of pathogenicity factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains on the course of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Such work is first in Lithuania, because we determined not only pathogenicity factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa – i.e., resistance to bactericidal activity of serum, but also evaluated possible influence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, having this pathogenicity factor, on hospital-acquired pneumonia development and outcome. Therefore, the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to invasive into... [to full text]

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.