No description available.

No description available.

The primary purpose of this thesis was to understand the relationship between the variation in athlete segment lengths (trunk, thigh, shank) and front squat depth as represented by maximum thigh segment rotation angle within the recommended guidelines. A validated segmental anthropometric model was used to simulate the effects of progressively altering thigh and trunk lengths on front squat depth. Both the thigh and trunk lengths were independently progressed through +/- 3 standard deviations, using the anthropometry collected from 41 athletes. This was done for simulated subjects of short (1.65 m for male and 1.55 m for females), average (1.82 m for male and 1.70 m for female), and tall (2.01 m for male and 1.87 m for females) statures. As thigh length increased, the ability to perform a full front squat (to a thigh depth of 180 degrees relative to the right horizontal) decreased. Conversely, as trunk length decreased, the ability to perform a full front squat decreased. The model was modified to progressively alter the thigh-to-trunk ratio from 0.8 to 1.2 for individuals of short, average and tall statures. Effects were similar for all heights for both males and females. Individuals with a thigh-to-trunk ratio above 1 were simulated to not be able to achieve a full front squat. This effect was greater in tall individuals, followed by average and then short. The ankle flexibility measured from the 41 athletes was run in simulations to determine its effects on front squat depth. For 25 of the athletes, the ankle flexibility did not allow their knees to pass the vertical plane of the toes. Flexibility constraints were removed from the model and the knees were moved to the vertical plane of the toes, 5 cm past, and 10 cm past. When the knees were allowed to move to the vertical projection of the toes, 8 athletes could not achieve a full front squat. When the knees were allowed to move 5 cm past the vertical projection of the toes, all athletes were predicted to be able to achieve a full front squat. When ankle flexibility was factored into the model, the results predicted that 16 athletes could not achieve a full front squat. The effects of ankle flexibility on front squat depth appeared to be influenced by the thigh-to-trunk ratio. Of the eight participants predicted not to be able to achieve a full front squat when the knees were allowed to reach the vertical projection of the toes, five had the largest thigh-to-trunk ratios. Athletes with a thigh-to-trunk ratio of 1 or greater may physically not be able to complete a full front squat according to the NSCA guidelines. It is however, more likely that the thigh-to-trunk ratio, which may limit the ability to achieve a full front squat, is significantly less than 1 when a trunk angle greater than 60 degrees is used. Furthermore, anterior knee translation initiated through rotation of the shank appears to be a strategy to maintain equilibrium at the end ranges of the front squat movement. It appears plausible that horizontal knee motion up to 5 cm past the vertical projection of the toes may allow athletes with large thigh-to-trunk ratios to reach full front squat depth and perhaps reduce loading on the low back. Additionally, ankle inflexibility may limit front squat depth.

No description available.

Purpose: The primary purpose of this research study was to assess the degree of agreement between simple anthropometric measurements (i.e. body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio) and the measures of regional adiposity, with a primary focus on the androidlgynoid ratio, assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This secondary purpose of the study was to identify any significant correlations between the measures of regional adiposity, physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Forty-eight subjects, 19 males (48.7 ± 16.9 years) and 29 females (43.6 ± 16.2 years), volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects underwent laboratory testing compromised of resting blood pressure, blood lipid analysis, waist & hip circumference, total body DXA scan, and a one week physical activity assessment. Results: Significant correlations were observed between body mass index and region body fat % (r = 0.84, 0.79), waist circumference and android fat % (r = 0.79, 0.75), and waist-to-hip ratio and androidlgynoid ratio (r = 0.72, 0.61) for men and women, respectively. Fasting insulin was correlated with region body fat %, android body fat %, trunk body fat %, and the android/gynoid ratio. The android/gynoid ratio was correlated with high density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and fasting glucose. There was a statistically significant negative relationship observed between average steps per day and body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, region body fat %, android body fat %, and trunk body fat %. Conclusions: This study found that there are strong relationships between simple anthropometric measures and regional body fat measures from the DXA. According to the data in the present study, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio provide simple yet sensitive methods for the estimation of regional body fat in Caucasian males and females. In addition, this study found significant correlations between measures of the blood lipid profile, physical activity, and both simple anthropometric and DXA measures of regional body fat. Key words: android fat, body mass index, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, gynoid fat, obesity, waist circumference. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anatomical Sciences and Dental School, 2005. / "July 2005" Bibliography: leaves 263-273. Also available in a print form.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Medical School, Dept. of Anatomical Sciences and Dental School, 2005. / "July 2005" Includes bibliographical references. Also available in a print form.

Thesis (MPhil) -- AUT University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (xviii, 152 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm.) in North Shore Theses Collection (T 599.940993 WEN)

Thesis (MNutr)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.