There is significant worldwide environmental concern related to the transportation of Invasive Aquatic Species (IAS) by ships ballast water into non-native environments. This has given rise to the development of a vast array of technological ballast water treatment systems. The complex environmental challenges and tight operational characteristics of marine vessels limits the scope of the technologies used for Ballast Water Treatment (BWT). As a result few technologies have progressed beyond the research and development stage; however one of the most promising technologies for ship board use is the cyclonic separator, or hydrocyclone. Despite the use of hydrocyclones in a wide variety of engineering applications they have yet to be successfully adapted towards the removal of suspended sediment and marine organisms from large volumes of ballast water. The following primary objectives of this study have been met: • Via critical review identify the technological solutions for treating ballast water best suited to onboard use. • Define the critical flow regimes evident within hydrocyclonic separators. • Establish a series of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, evaluating standard turbulence models in order to determine the capacity for commercial CFD to model hydrocyclonic flow. This study has detailed the operational characteristics of ballast water hydrocyclones with the aim of enabling hydrocyclones to be optimised for individual ship configurations. Flow simulations have been conducted using CFD, and in particular the Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) turbulence model. Finally the DES model is shown to be a legitimate turbulence model for hydrocyclonic flow regimes, validated against empirical and experimental data.

Visando compreender os impactos da visitação pública sobre ecossistemas aquáticos continentais, desenvolveu-se o presente estudo no rio Formoso, Planalto da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Através de um estudo de caso, buscou-se caracterizar os impactos provocados pelas diferentes modalidades de uso público no rio Formoso, considerando o emprego de variáveis físicas e biológicas como indicadoras do impacto da visitação pública em um período de alta temporada, carnaval de 2006. Complementarmente, para melhor compreender a relação entre os impactos impressos no ambiente e o uso predominante na região, foram caracterizados aspectos da relação dos empreendimentos turísticos com os ecossistemas aquáticos no Planalto da Bodoquena, a estrutura dos empreendimentos turísticos abertos ao uso público ao longo do rio Formoso e o perfil e aspectos da percepção ambiental dos visitantes desses empreendimentos. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de pesquisa documental, aplicação de questionários aos visitantes do rio Formoso e coleta em campo de dados relativos às variáveis físicas e biológicas descritoras dos diferentes compartimentos do ecossistema aquático. Os seguintes resultados ficaram evidenciados: 1. Os ambientes aquáticos são os atrativos naturais mais demandados pelos empreendimentos de turismo e visitantes; 2. os balneários exibem os maiores níveis de impacto em todos os compartimentos do ecossistema aquático analisado; 3. a movimentação da água e o pisoteio do fundo são as interferências da visitação pública mais pronunciadas sobre o rio Formoso; 4. as áreas mais impactadas são aquelas que recebem os visitantes com menos exigência ambiental; 5. as variáveis transparência da água, folhedo, riqueza e diversidade taxonômica de macroinvertebrados bentônicos e o índice de alteração da estrutura física de ecossistemas foram selecionadas como os indicadores mais aplicáveis à avaliação e ao monitoramento dos impactos da visitação pública no rio Formoso. / With the aim of understanding the impacts of visits by the public on inland aquatic ecosystems, the present study was developed at the Formoso river, Bodoquena plateau, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Through a case study, it was attempted to characterize the impacts provoked by different modes of public use of the Formoso river, considering the use of physical and chemical variables as indicators of public visitation impacts during the high season, Carnaval of 2006. In conjunction, to better understand the relationships between the impacts on the environment and the predominant use of the region, aspects of the relationship between tourist undertakings and the aquatic ecosystems of the Bodoquena plateau, the structure of the tourist undertakings open to the public along the river, and the profile and aspects of environmental perception of the visitors to these tourist undertakings were characterized. The data were obtained from research of documents, use of questionnaires filled-out by visitors to the river, and collection in the field of physical and biological variables describing different compartments of the aquatic ecosystem. The following results were obtained: 1. The aquatic environments are the most sought-after by the tourist undertakings and visitors; 2. the bathing areas exhibit the highest levels of impact of all the compartments analyzed of the aquatic ecosystem; 3. water movement and trampling of the bottom substrate are the most pronounced interferences of public visitation in the river; 4. the most impacted areas receive the least environmentally demanding visitors; 5. the variables water transparency, leaf litter, richness and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates, and the index of ecosystem physical structure alteration were selected as the most applicable indicators of environmental evaluation and monitoring of public visitation impacts on the Formoso river.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-08-26T00:42:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna_Fitarelli_2017.pdf: 1036139 bytes, checksum: 9afee945c38ba8969285caeb05124bdf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-26T00:42:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna_Fitarelli_2017.pdf: 1036139 bytes, checksum: 9afee945c38ba8969285caeb05124bdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Assuming the presumption that the anthropic impacts influence benthic macroinvertebrates, this study aimed to verify, through the analysis of the colonization by benthic macroinvertebrates in the artificial substrate, possible influences of different degrees of impact on the attributes of community, colonization And ecological succession and composition of functional trophic groups. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions: i) will there be changes in community attributes and functional groups at the sampling points and over the exposure period of the artificial substrates? Ii) Does the degree of impact influence the process of colonization and ecological succession and the distribution of functional trophic groups? Samples were collected in the Toledo river (Toledo-PR) between March and May 2016 at three sampling points distributed in the nascent-foz direction (P1 – Nascente, P2 - Meio and P3 – Foz). It was verified the colonization of 2,019 individuals (ind) being the highest occurrence of Chironomidae (1044 ind) followed by Oligochaeta (475 ind) and Glossiphoniidae (347 ind). Although the equitability had lower values temporarily in P3, the community attributes did not have significant influence, both in the points as in the exposure period of the substrate. In relation to the distribution of the taxa temporally and spatially, it was possible to observe a process of ecological succession mainly in the points with the lowest degree of impact and, together with the higher occurrences of tolerant species in P3, indicates an influence of the environmental degradation on the distribution of the taxa . However, the distribution of the functional trophic groups did not show any influence on the time of exposure of the substrate, but in relation to the collection points, the degree of impact may have influenced the occurrences, since it changed the proportion of the occurrence of these groups, due to the increase of Organisms belonging to tolerant groups. / Partindo do pressuposto que os impactos antrópicos exercem influência sobre os macroinvertebrados bentônicos, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar, através da análise da colonização por macroinvertebrados bentônicos em substrato artificial, possíveis influências de diferentes graus de impacto sobre os atributos de comunidade, colonização, sucessão ecológica e na composição dos grupos tróficos funcionais. Especificamente, este estudo buscou responder as seguintes questões: i) haverá alterações nos atributos de comunidade e de grupos funcionais nos pontos de amostragem e ao longo do período de exposição dos substratos artificiais? ii) O grau de impacto influencia no processo de colonização e sucessão ecológica e na distribuição dos grupos tróficos funcionais? As amostragens foram realizadas no rio Toledo (Toledo-PR) entre março e maio 2016 em três pontos amostrais distribuídos no sentido nascente-foz (P1 – Nascente, P2 - Meio e P3 - Foz). Foi verificada a colonização de 2.019 indivíduos (ind) sendo que a maior ocorrência de Chironomidae (1044 ind) seguido de Oligochaeta (475 ind) e Glossiphoniidae (347 ind). Embora a equitabilidade tenha tido menores valores temporalmente no P3, os atributos de comunidade não sofreram influência significativa, tanto nos pontos como no período de exposição do substrato. Em relação à distribuição dos táxons temporal e espacialmente, foi possível observar um processo de sucessão ecológica principalmente nos pontos com menor grau de impacto e, aliado com as maiores ocorrências de espécies tolerantes no P3, indica uma influência da degradação ambiental sobre a distribuição dos táxons. Já a distribuição dos grupos tróficos funcionais não evidenciou influências do tempo de exposição do substrato, porém em relação aos pontos de coleta, o grau de impacto pode ter influenciado, uma vez que alterou a proporção da ocorrência destes grupos, devido ao aumento de organismos raspadores pertencentes a grupos tolerantes.

No description available.

Baltic archipelago areas have high nature values despite being polluted from various antrophogenic activities within the Baltic Sea catchment area and from long-range transport of airborne substances. The discovery of environmental problems in the Baltic Sea in the 1960s led to countermeasures that gradually gave results in reducing the toxic pollution, e.g. from PCBs. Today, much of the environmental management is focused on reducing the effects of eutrophication. There is a demand from society on science to develop strategies that can direct remedial actions so that the cost-effectiveness is maximised. This work focuses on how mass-balance models can be used to understand how coastal ecosystems are controlled by abiotic processes and to predict the response to changes in loading of different substances. Advection, sedimentation and burial are examples of general transport processes that are regulated by morphometrical characteristics, e.g. size, form, effective fetch and topographical openness. This is why different coastal areas have different sensitivity to loading of pollutants. A comparison of six phosphorus and chlorophyll models of different complexity showed that the model performance was not improved with more state variables of total phosphorus (TP) than two water and two sediment compartments. Modelling chlorophyll as a separate state variable did not improve the results for individual values compared to a simple regression against total phosphorus in surface water. Field investigations of the phosphorus content in accumulation sediments along the coast of Svealand showed a distribution pattern that probably is related to differences in the redox status. The average content of mobile phosphorus was much higher than previously found in offshore Baltic sediments indicating that sediments may play an important role for the phosphorus turnover in Baltic archipelago areas. A one-year field study to measure the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in water, sediments and fish during different seasons was carried out in Kallrigafjärden Bay. The collected data set was used to test a mass-balance model for PCCD/F-turnover. It was possible to reproduce the concentrations of different PCDD/F-congeners with high accuracy using a general model approach, including one water compartment and two sediment compartments, indicating that the applied model has the necessary qualifications for successful predictions of PCDD/F-turnover in Baltic coastal areas. / Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 736

Thesis (M.S.); Submitted to Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (US); 19 Dec 2004. / Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "IS-T 2488" Tugba Kalem. US Department of Energy 12/19/2004. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:54:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCLP_DISSERT_pagina 1_a_8.pdf: 8605712 bytes, checksum: a23b0324901ca6ee088750e19d1a57c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Density and biomass of bacterioplankton in parts of the Marechal Dutra reservoir were studied in periods of dry and rainy season. The averages of the total bacterial densities oscillated in the order of 107 organisms/ mL of sample. The cocci cells were numerically predominant, influencing considerably the total abundance of the bacterioplankton. The total bacterial biomass, was considered raised and varied from 2.431,82 to 2.739,01 ?gC.L-1, in function of the high values of biovolume of the filaments forms, and showed no marked spacial fluctuation. These high values of density and biomass alert for the necessity of a frequent monitoring of aquatic ecosystems of semi-arid region, where the quality of the water is affected by the occurrence of extensive dry periods, influencing considerably the quality of life of its population / Foram estudadas a densidade e a biomassa do bacteriopl?ncton nos per?odos seco e chuvoso em dois pontos do A?ude Marechal Dutra. As m?dias das densidades bacterianas totais oscilaram na ordem de 107 organismos por mL de amostra. As c?lulas em forma de cocos foram numericamente predominantes, influenciando consideravelmente a abund?ncia total do bacteriopl?ncton. A biomassa bacteriana total foi considerada elevada, variando de 2.431,82 a 2.739,01 ?gC.L-1 , em fun??o dos altos valores de biovolume dos filamentos. N?o foram encontradas varia??es espaciais nem sazonais marcantes. Os altos valores de densidade e biomassa encontrados alertam para a necessidade de um freq?ente monitoramento dos ecossistemas aqu?ticos de regi?o semi-?rida onde a qualidade da ?gua ? afetada pela ocorr?ncia de extensos per?odos de estiagem que influenciam a qualidade de vida de sua popula??o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Le cadre réglementaire défini par la Directive Cadre sur l’Eau impose le développement de méthodologies fiables d’évaluation et/ou de caractérisation de l’état de santé des écosystèmes aquatiques. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’identifier les rôles relatifs des paramètres des milieux aquatiques (température, cycle saisonnier, minéralisation), des caractéristiques des populations et des pressions anthropiques sur les réponses des biomarqueurs chez un organisme aquatique modèle, la moule zébrée (Dreissena polymorpha). Une espèce sœur, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, arrivée plus récemment dans nos cours d’eau, a été suivie en parallèle et son potentiel en tant que biomoniteur a également été évalué. Pour cela, une batterie d’une douzaine de biomarqueurs sub-cellulaires a été mesurée dans différentes populations des deux espèces vivant dans des milieux contrastés, à différentes périodes de l’année, mais aussi lors de stress standardisés en laboratoire. Les biomarqueurs choisis correspondaient à différentes fonctions physiologiques et/ou antitoxiques, et des réponses à fortes pertinence écologiques, telles que la consommation d’oxygène ou l’activité de filtration, ont ponctuellement été suivies. Ces différents paramètres ont permis d’interroger les notions de sensibilité et de vulnérabilité des populations et de mieux comprendre les facteurs déterminant les réponses des biomarqueurs. Les différences inter-populationnelles montrent que l’accumulation des contaminants par les organismes et leurs réponses biologiques sont bien dépendantes de la qualité du biotope propre à chaque population, mais aussi de la saison, un facteur confondant qui doit donc être pris en compte lors de campagnes de biosurveillance. De fortes différences de réponse des biomarqueurs entre les deux espèces ont aussi été observées, aussi bien in situ que lors des expositions en laboratoire, soulignant la nécessité de bien différencier ces deux espèces, pourtant très proches. La nouvelle arrivée, D. r. bugensis, présente des réponses plus plastiques in situ, mais semble moins capable de gérer des stress aigus lors d’expositions en laboratoire. A l’inverse, D. polymorpha, arrivée il a 200 ans en France, semble mieux adaptée, avec une variabilité de réponse moins marquée et une meilleure tolérance aux contaminants. Ces travaux de thèse s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la convention BIOMICS, réalisée en collaboration avec l’ONEMA. Ils montrent que ces deux espèces sont aptes à nous renseigner sur l’état de contamination du milieu dans lequel elles vivent, même si les grilles d’interprétation peuvent être différentes de l’une à l’autre. Les variations des réponses des biomarqueurs au niveau sub-cellulaire témoignent de façon précoce de modifications de la qualité du milieu. Certains biomarqueurs semblent toutefois plus informatifs que d’autres, la batterie mesurée pourrait donc être réduite. A l’avenir, ces travaux permettront une meilleure lecture et interprétation des biomarqueurs mesurés dans des populations autochtones ou transplantées, et attestent de l’intérêt des biomarqueurs en tant qu’outils d’évaluation de la qualité des milieux aquatiques / The regulatory framework defined by the Water Framework Directive requires the development of reliable methodologies for assessing and / or characterizing the health status of aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this thesis was to identify the relative roles of environmental parameters (temperature, seasonal cycle, mineralization), population characteristics and anthropic pressures on biomarker responses in a model aquatic organism, the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). A sister species, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, which invaded more recently our waterways, has been used in parallel and its potential as a biomonitor has also been evaluated. For this purpose, a battery of a dozen sub-cellular biomarkers was measured in different populations of the two species living in contrasting environments, at different times of the year, but also under laboratory stresses. The selected biomarkers corresponded to different physiological and / or antitoxic functions, and responses with high ecological relevance, such as oxygen consumption or filtration activity, were occasionally followed. These various parameters allowed to question the concepts of sensitivity and vulnerability of the populations and to understand the factors determining biomarker responses. Inter-population differences showed that the accumulation of contaminants by organisms and their biomarker responses depend on environmental quality at the originating site of each population, but also on the season, a confounding factor which must therefore be taken into account during biomonitoring programs. Strong differences in biomarker responses between the two species were also observed, both in situ and during laboratory experiments, emphasizing the need to differentiate the two species, so close they are. The recent invader, D. r. bugensis, presents more plastic responses in situ, but appears less able to manage acute stress in laboratory. Conversely, D. polymorpha, which is about 200 years old in France, appears to be better adapted, with less response variability and a better tolerance to contaminants. This thesis work is part of the BIOMICS convention, carried out in collaboration with ONEMA. It shows that these two species are able to inform about the contamination status of their environment. Variations in biomarker responses at the sub-cellular level indicate early changes in environmental quality. Some biomarkers, however, seem more informative than others do, so the measured battery could be reduced. In the future, this work will allow a better reading and interpretation of biomarkers measured in autochthonous or transplanted populations, and attest the value of biomarkers as tools for assessing aquatic environment quality

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-02-17T20:18:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosWFM_DISSERT.pdf: 2074387 bytes, checksum: d15d040743afcab33bb24b0c294d916d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-21T14:44:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosWFM_DISSERT.pdf: 2074387 bytes, checksum: d15d040743afcab33bb24b0c294d916d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-21T14:49:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosWFM_DISSERT.pdf: 2074387 bytes, checksum: d15d040743afcab33bb24b0c294d916d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T15:05:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosWFM_DISSERT.pdf: 2074387 bytes, checksum: d15d040743afcab33bb24b0c294d916d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / Alien species are causing various environmental impact on aquatic ecosystems throughout the world. As an example, alien fish introductions piscivorous habit have been associated with dramatic reductions in local diversity of native fish assemblages. To predict these impacts is necessary to understand environmental factors related to predation and selectivity of alien piscivorous fish, and some factors that may limit the invasive potential and the establishment of these non-native species due to reduction in the capture of prey, such as turbidity and complexity habitat as the presence of weeds for shelter. Thus, this study seeks to understand the Cichla kelberi species that has evaluated experimentally in a completely randomized design. The experiment was conducted in aquaculture center UFERSA, in plastic tanks containing approximately 500L of water, each with the presence of only predator, which was subjected to environments where the turbidity had 3 different levels (0, 60 and 120 NTU); 2 of macrophytes (presence or absence) and the selectivity of prey was evaluated by Chesson index, is offering 2- different prey sizes (the smallest with 2.87 ± 0.25 cm and the largest with 3.91 ± 0, 11 cm). The results of this study revealed that high levels of turbidity (120 NTU) consumption of prey has been reduced significantly; the presence of aquatic weeds did not affect the predator consumption and there was a preference for smaller prey of Oreochromis niloticus. In conclusion, this study showed behavioral information about the alien C. kelberi and factors that may limit their predation and providing empirical support for greater understanding of the species. Combined, these results support the hypothesis of the study and suggest that the impact of risk is reduced predation on aquatic ecosystems high turbidity and the presence of larger prey / Espécies alienígenas são causadoras de diversos impactos ecológicos em ecossistemas aquáticos em todo o mundo. A exemplo disso, introduções de peixes alienígenas de hábito piscívoro têm sido associadas a drásticas reduções na diversidade local de assembleias de peixes nativos. Para prever esses impactos é necessário compreender fatores ambientais relacionados à predação e seletividade de peixes piscívoros alienígenas, sendo que alguns fatores que podem limitar o potencial invasivo e o estabelecimento dessas espécies não nativas devido a redução da captura de presas, tais como turbidez e complexidade de hábitat como a presença de macrófitas como abrigo. Diante disso, este estudo busca compreender a espécie Cichla kelberi, que foi avaliada experimentalmente em um delineamento inteiramente casualisado. . O experimento foi realizado no centro de aquicultura da UFERSA, em tanques plásticos, contendo aproximadamente 500L de água, cada um com a presença de único predador, que foi submetido a ambientes onde a turbidez apresentava 3 níveis distintos (0, 60 e 120 NTU); 2 de macrófitas (presença e ausência) e a seletividade de presas foi avaliado pelo índice de Chesson, ofertando-se 2 tamanhos de presas diferentes (a menor com 2,87 ± 0,25 cm e a maior com 3,91 ± 0,11 cm). Os resultados desse estudo revelaram que em níveis elevados de turbidez (120 NTU) o consumo de presas foi reduzido significativamente; a presença de macrófitas aquáticas não interferiu no consumo do predador e observou-se preferência por presas de menor tamanho de Oreochromis niloticus. Concluindo, o presente estudo apresentou informações comportamentais sobre o alienígena C. kelberi e fatores que podem limitar sua predação e fornecendo suporte empírico para maior compreensão da espécie. Combinados, estes resultados suportam a hipótese do estudo e sugerem que o impacto do risco predação será reduzida em ecossistemas aquáticos de alta turbidez e na presença de presas maiores / 2017-02-17