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The bioavailability of metabolizable organic matter within marine sediments is one of the more important driving mechanisms controlling benthic pelagic communities. Interactions between organic material and mineral surfaces within the sediment, such as adsorption, can cause organic matter to be unavailable for degradation by organisms; therefore for this study we have used the relationship of organic carbon-to-sediment surface area as an indicator of available organic carbon in northern Gulf of Mexico sediments. We have determined that these sediment interactions demonstrate a significant association with benthic fauna abundances; however they are not the most dominant environmental variables. It may be the combination of biogeochemical parameters, such as organic carbon content, sediment surface area, grain size, water depth and other geophysical variables, that is the ultimate control on the bioavailability of metabolizable organic matter in the northern Gulf of Mexico.

The objective of this thesis is to prove the validity of a multi-area state estimator and investigate the advantages it provides over a serial state estimator. This is done utilizing the IEEE 118 Bus Test System as a sample system. This thesis investigates the benefits that stem from utilizing a multi-area state estimator instead of a serial state estimator. These benefits are largely in the form of increased accuracy and decreased processing time. First, the theory behind power system state estimation is explained for a simple serial estimator. Then the thesis shows how conventional measurements and newer, more accurate PMU measurements work within the framework of weighted least squares estimation. Next, the multi-area state estimator is examined closely and the additional measurements provided by PMUs are used to increase accuracy and computational efficiency. Finally, the multi-area state estimator is tested for accuracy, its ability to detect bad data, and computation time.

The IP lookup in internet routers requires implementation of the longest prefix match algorithm. The software or hardware implementations of routing trie based approaches require several memory accesses in order to perform a single memory lookup, which limits the throughput considerably. On the other hand, IP lookup throughput requirements have been continuously increasing. This has led to ternary content addressable memory(TCAM) based IP lookup engines which can perform a single lookup every cycle. TCAM lookup engines are very power hungry due to the large number of entries which need to be simultaneously searched. This has led to two disparate streams of research into power reduction techniques. The first research stream focuses on the routing table compaction using logic minimization techniques. The second stream focuses on routing table partitioning. This work proposes to bridge the gap by employing strategies to combine these two leading state of the art schemes. The existing partitioning algorithms are generally employed on a binary routing trie precluding their application to a compacted routing table. The proposed scheme employs a ternary routing trie to facilitate the representation of the minimized routing table in combination with the ternary trie partitioning algorithm. The combined scheme offers up to 50% reduction in silicon area while maintaining the power economy of the partitioning scheme.

The objective of this project is to design a tool for moderate cross section reduction of bars that are deformed within a channel slider tool that is used for equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). The bars that are deformed via ECAE have an initial square cross section with a nominal value of 1.00 in2 and aspect ratios (length/width) ranging between 4 and 6. A systems engineering design methodology is used to generate a topbottom approach in the development of the tool's design. This includes defining a need statement, which is the "Need for an area reduction extrusion tool to replace the current practices of machining ECAE processed billets". The system functions and requirements are defined next and used to generate three concepts that are compared to select the winning concept for further refinement. Major components of the selected tool are: a container, ram, base plate, punch plate, four die-inserts, four wedges and four flange locks. For materials, such as copper (C10100) and aluminum (Al6061-T6), that can be processed by this tool, the upper bound extrusion pressure, which is derived by limit analysis, is set at 192 ksi. The upper bound extrusion pressure is constrained by the buckling limit of the ram, which is 202 ksi. The maximum wall stress experienced by the container is 113 ksi. For materials with the same cross section and dimensions, fixed end conditions of the Ram support larger bucking loads when compared to other end conditions such as rounded ends or rounded-fixed ends. With the application of the upper bound method, an increase in the extrusion ratio of the tool causes a corresponding rise in the optimal cone angle of the die further translating to a rise in the extrusion pressure.

The aim of this study is to analyze students¡¦ mathematics concepts in solving Pythagorean Theorem problems presented in two different representations (word problems and word problems with diagrams). The investigators employed the mathematics competence indicators in Grade 1-9 Integrated Curriculum in developing such problems. In analyzing data, the investigator used Schoenfeld¡¦s method in depicting their problem-solving processes, with attention to students¡¦ sequence and difference in time consumption. Four eight grade students with good competence in mathematics and expressions from a secondary school were selected as research subjects. Problems related to Pythagorean Theorem were divided into three types: Shape, Area, and Number. Data were collected using thinking aloud method and semi-structured interview, and triangulation was further applied in protocol analysis. The research results revealed 3 findings: (1) For the ¡§Shape¡¨ type problems, students¡¦ problem-solving concepts varied with different problem representation. For the ¡§Area¡¨ and ¡§Number¡¨ types of problems (without diagram), students were required to use their geometric concept when processing word problems. Students¡¨ use of problem-solving concepts would not significantly vary with problem representation types. However, students¡¦ use of problem-solving methods would affect the types and priorities of concepts used. Generally, the types of mathematics concepts could be made up by the frequency of concepts used, and more types of problem-solving concepts would be used for word problems representation than for word problems with diagrams representation. (2) In terms of the time consumed in the first three problem-solving stages of Schoenfeld, the time required to solve word problems was 1.6 times of that required to solve word problems with diagrams. In terms of the total time consumed, the time required to solve word problems was 1.25 times of that required to solve word problems with diagrams. In the problem-solving stages, students needed to explore the problem first when dealing with word problems before they could go on to solve the problem, and such repetition was more frequent when they dealt with word problems. (3) For both type of problem representations, there is a higher number of correctly-answered problems. This finding indicated that a higher frequency of problem-solving concepts and less repetition in the problem-solving stage were required; and vice versa. As to the sequence of Pythagorean Theorem concepts to be taught, the investigator suggest teachers to start with the concept of area filling in the ¡§Shape¡¨ type of problems to derive Pythagorean Theorem, and further apply the formula to - III - solving ¡§Number¡¨ problems. After students have acquired basic competency in ¡§Shape¡¨ and ¡§Number¡¨ Pythagorean Theorem problems, teachers could explain and introduce this theorem from the perspective of ¡§Area¡¨. Finally, in problem posing, teachers were also advised to apply various contexts; covering all kinds of representations of problems that enhance students¡¦ utilization of mathematics concepts; and to cater for various needs of students.

Under the well developed economy and the medical, aged population brings up the related medical service demands. In the future, the service quality is a key to determines the life of long-term-care institutes. The purpose of this study to address the relationships among the product factors by which people make a decision. Besides, the construction of what degrees of people emphasis on them is also explored as well. Based on the above, ten nights were used to collect 1097 effective samples by making phone calls. After analysis by statistics software, the conclusions are as below, 1. Men pay more attention to opinions of medical professionals than women. In the inspections of reference group, opinions of relatives & friends (46%) hardly differ from them of medical professionals (47%). However, It was found that man intends to refer more of medical professionals than women, and women put more emphasis on them relatives and friends than men in the cross analysis of gender-reference group. 2. The better educated people put more emphasis on quality of institutes. We can expect the better educated people earn more incomes, and they usually can accept the more expenses which are set as 25 thousands for each month. And this also highlights they concern the service quality than other groups even they¡¦re charged more. 3. It determines the service quality whether an institute has medical professionals or not. This highlights the expectations and trust of people to an institute with medical professionals. Under the trends of diseases changes of the older, the daily care of them is not only included, but also long term tracing or inspection on diseases is necessary. 4. In the past affections on filial piety of China, people thought that distances between the institute and home will be a key factor to choose for visit and take over the older easier. However, People do not care how far from home, when an institute with good service quality can also provide better prices. Key words: Kaohsiung Area, Long Term Care Institute

La presente investigación se titula: “El Programa Nacional de Formación y Capacitación Permanente y el nivel de satisfacción de los docentes en Lima Metropolitana, 2008 – II”, efectuada durante el año del 2009 a una muestra probabilística de 323, elegida al 95% de confianza y un margen de error del 0.05% de una población de 2000 docentes que han sido capacitados por el PRONAFCAP en virtud a un convenio con las universidades Nacional mayor de San Marcos, Cayetano Heredia, Pontificia Católica del Perú y el Instituto Superior Pedagógico Monterrico. Es una investigación que corresponde al tipo de estudio básico en razón que sus resultados enriquecen el conocimiento científico en educación. Es de nivel descriptivo y asume el diseño correlacional, en razón que establece una relación lineal entre las variables: Formación y capacitación docente, y el nivel de satisfacción de los docentes, respecto a la calidad de capacitación que han recibido como parte del mejoramiento continuo de la calidad de la educación básica mediante la profesionalización de sus docentes. Se aplicó la técnica de la encuesta para observar ambas variables y los instrumentos han sido sometidos a una prueba piloto con 12 docentes para determinar la confiabilidad mediante el alfa de Cronbach, cuyo resultado arroja un coeficiente de 0,979 para el primer instrumento (Formación y capacitación docente) y de 0,974 para el segundo instrumento (Nivel de satisfacción de los docentes). Las tablas de frecuencias se han elaborado con el programa Excell y analizados descriptivamente; en tanto, la prueba de hipótesis se efectuó con el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r). Los resultados de la investigación demuestran una relación estadísticamente significativa de r = 0.877 (donde p: menor de 0,01) y a una probabilidad de certeza del 99%, entre la formación y capacitación por el Programa Nacional de Formación y Capacitación (PRONAFCAP) y la satisfacción sobre la capacitación de los docentes durante el año 2009. Palabras clave: Formación y capacitación docente, satisfacción docente, metodología, técnicas de enseñanza, materiales didácticos. / This research is entitled "The National Training and Continuing Education and the satisfaction level of teachers in Metropolitan Lima, 2008 - II", made during the year 2009 at a probability sample of 323, chosen at 95% confidence and a margin of error of 0.05% of a population of 2000 teachers have been trained by the PRONAFCAP under an agreement with the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Cayetano Heredia, Pontificia Catolica del Peru and the Pedagogical Institute Monterrico. It is an investigation that is the type of basic study because its results enrich scientific knowledge in education. It bears the descriptive level and correlational design, because it establishes a linear relationship between variables: training and teacher training, and the satisfaction level of teachers regarding the quality of training they have received as part of continuous improvement quality basic education through the professionalization of the teachers. Technique was used to observe both the survey variables and the instruments were pilot-tested with 12 teachers to ascertain the reliability by Cronbach's alpha, which results yield a coefficient of 0.979 for the first instrument (Training and Teacher Training ) and 0.974 for the second instrument (Level of satisfaction of teachers). The frequency tables were drawn up with the Excel program and analyzed descriptively, meanwhile, hypothesis testing was performed with the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The research results show a statistically significant relationship of r = 0.877 (where p less than 0.01) and a probability of 99% certainty, between the education and training by the National Program of Education and Training (PRONAFCAP) and satisfaction on the training of teachers in 2009. Keywords: Education and teacher training, teacher satisfaction, methodology, teaching techniques, teaching materials.

<p>Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka om och hur elever uppfattar begreppen omkrets</p><p>och area. Då vi båda studerar till matematiklärare anser vi att detta arbete kan stärka oss i vår</p><p>lärarroll samt utveckla oss inom arbetsområdet geometri.</p><p>Vi började med att göra en diagnos med ca 40 elever. Genom att djupintervjua tre av eleverna</p><p>fick vi en bättre förståelse för varför eleverna svarade som de gjorde på diagnosen.</p><p>Genom att göra en läromedelsgranskning av de aktuella läroböckerna ville vi se om dessa kan</p><p>spela roll när det gäller elevernas kunskap inom detta område.</p><p>Resultatet visar att de flesta eleverna klarade att räkna uppgifter inom området omkrets eller</p><p>area och använda sig av dessa begrepp när uppgiften var ”given”, på så sätt att eleverna får veta</p><p>vad som ska räknas ut (area eller omkrets). Problemen dyker upp när eleverna får svårare</p><p>uppgifter som är konstruerade på ett sådant sätt att de inte får en given metod att lösa uppgiften,</p><p>det vill säga när det är oklart hur eleverna ska angripa uppgiften.</p>

Thesis (M. Engin.)--Flinders University, School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics. / Typescript bound. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-133). Also available online.