This study is about people with Asperger syndrome and their difficulties in all kinds of communication in society. Through the language we code objects and events to remember and observe the environment. The aim is to compare research with the actual experiences of people with Asperger syndrome, in relation to their difficulties in society / communication. Three questions have been given extra attention. The first is what similarities and differences there are between people with Asperger syndrome. How do they hemselves experience their communication with others? The second question is how the actual experiences of people with Asperger syndrome seem to equal to the research. The third and final question is if there are any communication problems in the autobiographies that they might not experience themselves. In the analysis qualitative data is collected through autobiographies and research. As method Gadamer's hermeneutik is used during adaptation. The research and the autobiographies often walk hand in hand, but one result of the study is that the genus perspective was lost in the research. The females act differently than males in the autobiographies. Another result is that the research can't keep up with it's time, so when the time changes the research doesn't change with it.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--National-Louis University. / Bibliography: leaves 150-154.

Inaug.-diss.--Freiburg i. Br. / Lebenslauf. "Bibliographie": p. [219]-221.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Sociology." Includes bibliographical references (p.300-331).

This thesis seeks to provide new readings of the autobiographical fictions of l\ larie Cardinal and Annie Leclerc. The study has three central aims. Firstly, to present a comparative overview of Cardinal's Les Mots pour Ie dire and Leclerc's Exercices de memoire; secondly, to explore the significance of the texts in relationship to developments within feminist theory and practice; thirdly, to develop a mode of reading which ackl0wledges the importance of autobiographical intention, social context and critical reception. My study will make a claim for the importance of considering the situated experience of the author and the reader. My methodological approach is informed by autobigraphical and literary theory, feminist theory and reception studies. The thesis explores a number of themes in the writing of Cardinal and Leclerc including the construction of autobiographical identity in relationship to the reader, the social function of the autobiographical sub-genres of confessional and testimonial writing, the impact of theories of the 'death of the author' on experiential writing and its significance for a feminist agenda. The manner in which gender influences the shape and tone of the autobiographical pact and the relationship between gender and critical reception are further themes under consideration. A further concern will be to explore the feminist claim that traditional theories of the genre, authored by male critics, fail to account for the 'difference' of women's writing. It will also be argued that early forays into the genre by Anglo/American feminist critics have tended either to essentialise female identity or to erase the self from the text altogether. Acknowledging the shift of interest- in autobiographical criticism from the 'autos' (self) to the 'graphe' (text), I align myself with those theorists \\ho have argued for the need to reinstate the 'bios' (life) back into autobiographical criticism. While acknowledging the impact of deconstructionist perspectives, this thesis proposes the value of experiential writing as a means of challenging exclusionar: identity politics and raising consciousness among readers. I examine Cardinal's Les J\fo/s pour Ie dire as an exemplary text of the 1970s \\hich illustrates the feminist interest in the communal '1,' and Leclerc's E\crcices de memoire as a more cautious text of the 1990s which nonetheless demonstrates a continuing interest in communal identity, mediated by an awareness of difference. I engage with criticisms of confessional writers for holding naive assumptions about 'agency." 'communal identity,' and the transparency of language. I argue that Cardinal's confessional and Leclerc's testimonial writing demonstrate an awareness of both the constructed nature of identity and the importance of situated experience. Furthermore, both writers avoid 'speaking for other women' by presenting authorial identity in relationship to the Other. I argue that the gaze of the Other plays an essential role in the construction of autobiographical identity whether it be the imagined critical gaze of the literary critic or the sympathetic identification which the author solicits from her readers. I conclude that while there are no essential qualities to women's self-writing there is a need for reading with gender awareness. The identities constructed in Les Mots pour dire and Exercices de memoire are shaped by the social conditions of the time and the constraints of the genre. I argue for situated reading of each women's writing, concluding my discussion with my own personal reading of Les Mots pour le dire.

In the field of literary production, women's autobiographical writing has been one of the most powerful means of artistic expression. Life-writing is a genre of ambiguity and paradox intertwined with some of the most fundamental questions of literary studies. Within the domain of lettres françaises, new canons of female-authored literary works from France and the various regions of the non-Western French-speaking world have emerged during both the colonial and postcolonial periods. This body of published autobiographical texts has worked to re-define the very nature of twentieth and twenty-first century literary canons. In addition to the traditional autobiographical novel, other literary genres such as travel journals, diaries, poetry, confessions, memoirs, and autobiographical fiction provide authors with a wide array of literary alternatives to the classical autobiography. Focused on the autobiographical texts and films of five French-speaking women of the twentieth century, this study examines both canonical and marginal female authors from France, Northern Africa, and the Caribbean. In addition to dealing with issues such as personal freedom, language, social class, the desire to write, family, alterity, and space, this project seeks to analyze how five French-speaking women autobiographers of different generations and social and national origins established a literature of their own through a métissage of autobiographical forms. Since autobiography is a mode that historically has been defined by mostly white, Christian, European men of the upper social echelon, I propose to show the different ways in which the women of this study have in fact been “shooting the autobiographical canon” by taking over, taking aim at, or altering the established domain of male-authored life-narratives as in the case of Simone de Beauvoir, Elisabeth Lacoin and Maryse Condé, or in filming a new canon of autobiographical expression in the case of Assia Djebar’s and Yamina Benguigui’s documentaries.

This dissertation examines the figure of the father in autobiographies published in Spain after the death of the Spanish dictator, Francisco Franco, in 1975. It analyzes how four well-known Spanish authors born in Barcelona, Carlos Barral, Juan Goytisolo, Clara Janés, and Terenci Moix, portray the figure of the father in their memoirs. I consider first and foremost the authors’ depiction of the biological father. Nonetheless, I read this father in relation to the political figurehead of Franco, who was portrayed by many as father to the Spanish nation. The four authors either blame their fathers for being an authoritarian figure in the shadow of the dictator or present him as an absent but alternative model to the singular vision of the patriarchal household promoted by the regime. I argue that these four writers question Franco’s paternity and foster other conceptions of fatherhood in the newly democratic Spain. This dissertation addresses several interrelated questions: To what extent do real fathers collapse and step away from the ever-present figure of the Spanish dictator as a censoring father? How do father figures influence one’s own gender subjectivity and what is the relationship between fathers and the transformation of gender models during the Spanish transition to democracy? In which ways are fathers central in the construction of selfhood in autobiographical writings in general and in post-Franco Spain in particular? The close reading of these four writers illuminates the strong bonds between father figures, autobiographical writing and Oedipal narratives in the literary scene of the Spanish Transition and more broadly in the three decades following Franco’s death. Drawing from psychoanalysis, feminism and theory on autobiography, I analyze how the language, space, body, and death of the father are essential to the construction of an autobiographical self. I also contend that the reading of these authors’ melancholic state after the death of their fathers offers a new way of understanding the politics of mourning in Spain. These authors’ considerations of the figure of the father illustrate divergent attempts to deal with desired and undesired legacies of Franco’s dictatorship and, in this sense, this dissertation establishes a dialogue with current debates about memory, generational replacement, and the politics of inheritance and legacy in Spain.

This dissertation examines the figure of the father in autobiographies published in Spain after the death of the Spanish dictator, Francisco Franco, in 1975. It analyzes how four well-known Spanish authors born in Barcelona, Carlos Barral, Juan Goytisolo, Clara Janés, and Terenci Moix, portray the figure of the father in their memoirs. I consider first and foremost the authors’ depiction of the biological father. Nonetheless, I read this father in relation to the political figurehead of Franco, who was portrayed by many as father to the Spanish nation. The four authors either blame their fathers for being an authoritarian figure in the shadow of the dictator or present him as an absent but alternative model to the singular vision of the patriarchal household promoted by the regime. I argue that these four writers question Franco’s paternity and foster other conceptions of fatherhood in the newly democratic Spain. This dissertation addresses several interrelated questions: To what extent do real fathers collapse and step away from the ever-present figure of the Spanish dictator as a censoring father? How do father figures influence one’s own gender subjectivity and what is the relationship between fathers and the transformation of gender models during the Spanish transition to democracy? In which ways are fathers central in the construction of selfhood in autobiographical writings in general and in post-Franco Spain in particular? The close reading of these four writers illuminates the strong bonds between father figures, autobiographical writing and Oedipal narratives in the literary scene of the Spanish Transition and more broadly in the three decades following Franco’s death. Drawing from psychoanalysis, feminism and theory on autobiography, I analyze how the language, space, body, and death of the father are essential to the construction of an autobiographical self. I also contend that the reading of these authors’ melancholic state after the death of their fathers offers a new way of understanding the politics of mourning in Spain. These authors’ considerations of the figure of the father illustrate divergent attempts to deal with desired and undesired legacies of Franco’s dictatorship and, in this sense, this dissertation establishes a dialogue with current debates about memory, generational replacement, and the politics of inheritance and legacy in Spain.

As I investigate, construct, and tell autobiographic narratives of mothering, of loss, and of hope, both the process of research and the "story fabric" evolve as both written and visual, an interplay of image and text. I involve myself in this investigation as I expect that it is in these places of loss, disability, and dependence that one can find things of great value, perhaps a way of being with each other, of caring, of sharing of self, and of receiving the other that does not depend on growth or achievement or on progress in learning. Ted Aoki writes of "face to face living" (1993, p. 59) of teacher and student. Living, as it were, not at a distance, but face to face and engaged as we open ourselves to the daily struggles and challenges we bring to our work, our teachingAearning, and to our research. Autobiographic narrative offers a way in, extends an invitation to give and to receive.

Background: Fertility problems in women often cause mental stress. Feelings that women describe during the infertility investigation is jealousy, sorrow, guilt, pain, and anxiety. These women need support and encouragement from the nurse during the investigation. Therefore it is important that nurses understand the women's experiences. Previous studies on women's experiences of infertility are based on interviews. Therefore, this study will focus on women's own stories about their experiences during infertility investigation. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe women's experiences of infertility during the time the investigation is in progress. Method: The study was based on narratives, which in this case means an analysis of biographies. Three autobiographies were analyzed according to Dahlborg-Lyckhages (2006) description of analysis of narratives. Results: Four themes and seven subthemes emerged from the analysis. The results show that women's experiences are characterized by being inadequate, feeling guilt, envy, and the nurse's attitudes that can give sense of desperation or hope. The women's experiences affect their everyday lives and their emotions make them isolate themselves. Conclusion: Motherhood is a central part of the woman's life and identity, to be infertile is perceived as to major pressure that may result in mental stress. To reduce the infertile women´s suffering and mental stress it is important that the nurse shows empathy and understanding