<p>The wish to measure different environmental parameters, in for example office buildings, is getting more and more important in today’s society. Since the sensors should be easily deployed they need to be battery powered and communicate wireless. Furthermore the radio range must be extended because of the limited range on the free frequencies. This is where wireless sensor networks come in and extend the range by relaying the data through other nodes in the network, thereby extending the total range of the network.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis work is to develop a protocol for such a wireless sensor network, capable of delivering and relaying sensor data through the nodes of the network.</p><p>The protocol has been implemented in hardware also designed in this thesis. Tests of the network have been performed and the results have shown that the network works very well and fulfills all of the requirements. Furthermore the power consumption is only 15% of the required value. This thesis has produced a very good platform to use as a base for further development of a commercial product.</p>

<p>Följande rapport beskriver ett projektarbete i att ersätta en automatisk spännings regulator (AVR) till en gammal ASEA dieselgeneratoranläggning. Generatorn är installerad på M/S Calmare Nyckel som tillhör Sjöfartshögskolan i Kalmar. Generatoranläggningen används enbart i utbildningssyfte.</p><p>Den AVR som ska ersättas är en ASEA UTWH310. Det är ett väldigt gammal anläggning och vi uppskattar att den härstammar från 60-talet. Problemet med den gamla regulatorn är att när systemet har körts en stund så är det inte längre möjligt att reglera den reaktiva effekten. Vi blev tillfrågade att ersätta det gamla systemet, därför har vi inte gjort något försök att laga det.</p><p>Regulatorn matar ström till en liten DC generator, mataren, som är ansluten till den större AC generatorn med remdrift. Mataren magnetiserar sedan rotorn i AC generatorn. För att få klarhet i hur systemet fungerade så gjorde vi några testkörningar. Vi tog reda på nödvändiga parametrar för att kunna ersätta den gamla anläggningen.</p><p>Eftersom vi inte hade någon tidigare erfarenhet av den här typen av projekt, så hade vi lite problem att hitta en leverantör av den nya AVR utrustningen. Som tur var kom vi i kontakt med Subtron AB, ett litet företag från Enköping. De var mycket hjälpsamma, och de hade både kunskapen och utrustningen som vi behövde.</p><p>Vi beslutade oss för att beställa Leroy-Somers R 448 AVR. Det är en enkel AVR men fullt kapabel att utföra det vi efterfrågar. Vi beställde också en del kringutrustning till installationen. Efter att ha testkört den nya utrustningen och kommit fram till att den fungerade utmärkt så utfördes installationen sedan på några dagar.</p> / <p>This following report describes a project in replacing the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) in an old ASEA diesel generator system. The generator is installed on M/S Calmare Nyckel which belongs to Kalmar Maritime Academy. The Generator system is solely used for educational purposes.</p><p>The AVR that is being replaced is an ASEA UTWH310. It is a very old system and we assume its from some where around 1960. The problem with the old AVR is that when the system has been running for a while there is no longer possible to control the reactive power. We were asked to replace the old system, so not much effort has been put on trying to repair it.</p><p>The AVR feeds current to a small DC generator, feeder, witch is connected by a strap drive to the larger AC generator. The feeder then excites the rotor in the AC generator. To find out how the system actually worked we made some test runs. We measured necessary variables to be able to replace the old system.</p><p>Because we had no formerly experience in this type of project, we had some troubles in finding a supplier of AVR equipment. Luckily we came in contact with a small company called Subtron AB from Enköping. They were very helpful and had both the equipments and the knowledge that we needed for our project.</p><p>We decided to order Leroy-Somers R 448 AVR. It is a simple but fully capable AVR to preform what we asked for. We also ordered some auxiliary equipment for the installation. After a test run with the new equipment, we found out that it worked very well. The installation process was then made in a few days.</p>

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Plant Pathology / Eduard Akhunov / The fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) is the causal agent of the wheat stem rust disease. Wheat stem rust has attracted a lot of attention after the emergence of the Ug99 race group, which at the time of its origin was virulent on most of the wheat varieties cultivated around the world. The evolution and spread of the Pgt isolates from the Ug99 race group posed a serious threat to worldwide wheat production. To mitigate the potential impact of new rust epidemics in major wheat production areas, it remains critical to identify new strategies for breeding durable resistance traits. A detailed understanding of the plant-pathogen interaction mechanisms in the wheat-Pgt pathosystem should be the foundation of these strategies. The interaction between the matching pair of resistance (R) and avirulence (Avr) genes, an important element of the plant-pathogen interactions, is described by the broadly documented gene-for-gene model. The cloning of the Sr35 gene, which confers near immunity against all isolates from the Ug99 race group provided a unique opportunity to investigate the molecular mechanisms of resistance to stem rust in wheat. The goals of the present study were: (1) to determine whether the Sr35 gene alone is sufficient for conferring resistance against Ug99, (2) to assess the Sr35 transcript levels during the time course of infection, and (3) to identify and validate the corresponding Avr gene interacting with Sr35. The cloning of Avr genes from the biotrophic fungi represents a substantial challenge due to the variability, redundant nature, the lack of similarity to known proteins, and lack of adequate functional tools to validate them. To overcome these limitations, we performed a comparative genomic analysis using multiple Sr35-avirulent and Sr35-virulent races, including 15 chemically mutagenized Pgt strains that acquired virulence on the Sr35 gene. Whole genome shotgun sequencing of the Pgt mutants identified a single candidate gene, which carried strong effect mutations in each mutant strain. The Avr gene candidate (AvrSr35) was expressed at early stages of infection and had a signal peptide indicating that the gene product is secreted. Comparative microscopic analysis of the infected tissues at different time points after infection indicated that AvrSr35 secretion occurs before haustoria formation. The re-sequencing of the AvrSr35 candidate gene in a panel of Sr35-virulent and Sr35-avirulent isolates including isolates from the Ug99 race group, revealed the presence of a mobile DNA element inserted into the coding sequence of virulent isolates. This insertion resulted in a premature termination codon and explains the origin of Pgt field isolates virulent in the presence of the Sr35 gene. Co-expression of AvrSr35 with the Sr35 in N. benthamiana leaves induced a specific hypersensitive response confirming the avirulence function of the candidate effector gene. Subcellular localization, bi-molecular fluorescence complementation, and co-immunoprecipitation assays in N. benthamiana leaves revealed that the AvrSr35 and Sr35 proteins interact and are likely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. Thus, this study identified and functionally characterized the first matching pair of Avr/R genes for cereal rusts.

The wish to measure different environmental parameters, in for example office buildings, is getting more and more important in today’s society. Since the sensors should be easily deployed they need to be battery powered and communicate wireless. Furthermore the radio range must be extended because of the limited range on the free frequencies. This is where wireless sensor networks come in and extend the range by relaying the data through other nodes in the network, thereby extending the total range of the network. The purpose of this thesis work is to develop a protocol for such a wireless sensor network, capable of delivering and relaying sensor data through the nodes of the network. The protocol has been implemented in hardware also designed in this thesis. Tests of the network have been performed and the results have shown that the network works very well and fulfills all of the requirements. Furthermore the power consumption is only 15% of the required value. This thesis has produced a very good platform to use as a base for further development of a commercial product.

System tracing is a helpful method for engineersand users to know exactly what happens in an operating system,especially in real-time operating systems (RTOS), because forreal-time system, it is normally more difficult to know theperformance of hardware and software than for desktopcomputers. Although this kind of tracing tools already exist forsome commercial RTOS, it is fairly hard to see those tools forsmall or open source RTOS. Moreover, because the structure andimplementation of different RTOS varies, it is rare to find aframework that can easily be ported to those platforms. In thisthesis, a solution is presented to this general tracing problem ondifferent platforms. By using the portable framework, it ispossible to implement tracing component into a real timeoperating system by some simple reconfigurations. This platformportability feature is accomplished by separating the specificplatform logic from the logic of the tracing part. Finally, adeployment of this framwork onto a small open source real-timeoperating system—AtomThreads, running on an AVRATmega1650 – is used as a demonstration of this framework.

This thesis deals with car remote keyless systems, analysis of these systems and most common attacks on these systems. It also deals with design and realisation of secure car remote keyless system, which should be resistant to said attacks, and with design and realisation of attack against existing car remote keyless system.

The purpose of this thesis is to design FSK modem for Packet communication. In accordance with accessible literature was constructed functioning circuit schema and subsequently there was constructed a motherboard which is mainly assembled from SMD technology. It makes this modem mobile and very easy usable in terrain. Modem communicates with PC via USB bus. Also this bus is used as power source for this device. Communication between modem and PC is realized by KISS protocol and connection with tranciever is realized by AX.25 protocol.

he main purpose of this semestral thesis is to get to know programming of Atmel AVR microcontroller, working with SD/MMC cards, working with ethernet (TCP/IP) to create a standalone programmer of AVR microcontroller with ethernet connectivity. The first part deals with the questions of programming theory of memories inside microcontrollers and description of programming algorithm. The most used programming method is called „In System Programming“ - ISP. This method provides easy and fast manipulaton. Concept of this programmer is designed for this ISP method. In this thesis is too explain how to work SD/MMC card and file systém FAT16. This knowledges are necesary to store binary program inside standalone programmer. In final part and in attachments there is hardware design, electrical scheme, bill of materials, printed circuit board.

The aim of this work is to design a safety module for promotional robot FEEC BUT robot, which is based on evaluation kit RDK-IDM-SBC. The security module allows authorized persons control different parts of the robot (monitors, computers and subsystems included in the robot).

La pyriculariose provoquée par le champignon Magnaporthe oryzae constitue l’une des principales maladies du riz, avec des épidémies récurrentes et très destructrices qui touchent toutes les régions rizicoles. Outre les enjeux économiques et humanitaires liés à cette maladie, le statut de céréale modèle du riz et de champignon parasite modèle de M. oryzae font de l’interaction entre ces deux partenaires un modèle privilégié pour l’étude du contrôle génétique et moléculaire des relations hôte-pathogène. Les protéines effectrices, Avr, de M. oryzae sont sécrétées au cours de l’infection de la plante par ce champignon. Chez certaines variétés de riz ces effecteurs agissent comme des protéines d’avirulence. Elles sont reconnues par les protéines de résistance, R, et induisent une forte réponse de défense dont une mort cellulaire programmée appelée HR (hypersensitive response) à l’origine de la résistance de la plante. L’objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer les structures des protéines Avr, et R et celles des complexes Avr-R. L'analyse structure-fonction permettra d’identifier les domaines et les acides aminés importants pour l'activité des effecteurs et des protéines de résistance. Pour la réalisation de cette thèse, une large gamme de techniques de biologie moléculaire (PCR, clonage moléculaire), de biophysique (Fluorescence) et de biologie structurale (RMN, cristallographie aux RX) disponibles au laboratoire seront utilisées. Du point de vue fonctionnel, ces études devraient apporter de nouveaux éléments sur les fonctions végétales qui sont modulées au cours de l’infection et permettent ainsi à la maladie de s'établir en créant des conditions favorables à la mise en place du processus infectieux. / MAGNAPORTHE oryzae causes a devastating disease of rice known as rice blast, affecting all regions cultivating rice. In addition to the economic and humanitarian issues associated with the disease, rice and M. oryzae are widely accepted as models of cereal and fungus for studying genetic control and host-pathogen molecular interactions. The effector proteins, Avr of M. oryzae, are secreted during plant infection by the fungus. In some of the rice cultivation these effectors act as avirulence proteins. They are recognized by resistance proteins R, and induce a strong host response, including programmed cell death known as HR (hypersensitive response) leading to plant resistance. The purpose of the thesis is to elucidate the atomic structures of the proteins Avr, R and Avr-R complexes. Subsequent structure-function analysis will identify domains and important amino acids needed for the activity of the effector and resistance proteins. To carry out this thesis, a wide range of molecular biology techniques (pcr, molecular cloning), biophysics (fluorescence) and structural biology (NMR, X-ray crystallography) will be used. From the functional point of view, these studies will provide insight into mechanisms affecting host functions that are modulated during infection, thus creating favorable conditions for the infection process.