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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-164). Also available in print.

Postoperative adhesions form as the body's natural response to injury in an effort to temporarily protect and supply nutrients to these tissues. However, adhesions can remain permanent, and fail otherwise successful surgeries by tethering tissues together that are normally separated. An ideal anti-adhesive device reduces unwanted adhesions and leaves the patient in a state most similar to before surgery. This dissertation introduces a novel, robust hydrogel film consisting of two hydrophilic polydisaccharides, hyaluronic acid (HA) and alginate. To address the challenge of retaining HA in alginate-rich hydrogels, we methacrylated the HA (GMHA), creating hydrophobic moieties. These hydrophobic interactions shift the percolation threshold, allowing for greater concentrations of GMHA to be retained in resulting films. UV crosslinking retains GMHA beyond the percolation threshold and widens the possibilities of usable films. To enhance the mechanical properties of these alginate/GMHA films, we employed a previously developed method for creating thin, branched, interconnected fibers using urea crystal templating. Templated films are softer and, yet, tougher than films that have not been templated. This toughness is a result of increased density of polymer in the fibers. These films were selected as most conformable and most robust by surgeons in a blinded handling study. In a rat peritoneal abrasion model for adhesion formation, the films successfully prevented adhesions with statistical equivalence to the leading anti-adhesion device commercially available. Finally, future recommendations are suggested for the development of a bilayer construct with a collagen/alginate blend bound to an alginate/HA layer for an anti-adhesive and regenerative strategy. This construct addresses the need for opposing strategies in the dynamic environment of wound healing. Further research is needed to develop the usefulness of this bilayer system, as preventing unwanted adhesions is merely a first step in achieving a blemish-free healed wound. / text

Kollberg, S. Torbjörnsson, E. (2012). The lived experience in patients with screening-diagnosed abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).     ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the patients’ experiences of living with the knowledge of having an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) that was found during screening. Eleven patients from two different screening centers, with initially measured aneurysms of 40-46 mm, were invited to participate in the interview study. Three of the men declined to participate, so in total eight men were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis.  Four categories were identified: the informant’s reasons for taking part in the screening program for abdominal aortic aneurysm, the experience of the screening, the experience of living with their abdominal aortic aneurysm and the thoughts on the present screening program. The result showed that the men joined the screening program (SCP) with very little knowledge of both aneurysms and the purpose of the screening. In connection with the ultrasound the men became upset over the information about them having an AAA. After they had received information about the diagnose from the vascular surgeon , all of the men felt soothed and understood that despite of their aneurysm, they could continue to live their life as they used to do. The men didn’t believe that the AAA affected their lives, though most of them had made changes in their way of living.   The result of this interview study shows that the men experience a lack of information between the ultrasound and the appointment with the physician. It could be of interest to investigate if an aortic nurse with the same function as the breast nurse in the mammography screening could be the solution of this problem.   Keywords: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, screening, information / Kollberg, S. Torbjörnsson, E. (2012). The lived experience in patients with screening-diagnosed abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).   SAMMANFATTNING Syftet med den här studien var att beskriva patienternas upplevelse av att leva med kunskapen av att ha en förstorad kroppspulsåder som är hittat via screening. Elva patienter från två olika screeningcenter, med en ursprunglig diameter på sin aorta uppmätt till 40 – 46 mm, bjöds in för deltagande i studien. Tre avböjde att delta, så totalt utfördes åtta intervjuer. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Fyra kategorier identifierades: Informanternas anledning till att delta i screeningprogrammet, upplevelsen av screeningen, upplevelsen av att leva med AAA och patienternas tankar om det nuvarande screeningprogrammet. Resultatet visade att männen deltog i screeningsprogrammet (SCP) med en begränsad kunskap både om vad aneurysm är och vad syftet med screeningen är. I samband med ultraljudsundersökningen blev männen upprörda över beskedet att de har ett förstorat aneurysm, men efter besöket hos en kärlkirurg som gav information om diagnosen blev de lugnade och förstod att det går bra att fortsätta leva som vanligt trots deras diagnos. Männen i studien tyckte inte att diagnosen påverkade de i deras dagliga liv, trots att många av dem hade genomfört förändringar. Resultatet av den här studien visar att männen upplever en brist i informationen mellan ultraljudsundersökningen och besöket hos läkaren. Det skulle vara intressant att se om en aortasjuksköterska, med samma funktion som en bröstsjuksköterska inom mammografiscreeningen har, skulle kunna vara en lösning på problemet.   Nyckelord: Abdominellt aorta aneurysm, screening, information   Abstraktet är justerat efter instruktioner i Journal of Vascular Nursing

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Les changements de forme et les mouvements des cellules constituant les tissus relèvent de la morphogenèse épithéliale. Dans les tissus segmentés les compartiments antérieurs et postérieurs représentent des domaines morphogénétiques indépendants constitués de lignées cellulaires distinctes et séparées par des barrières biophysiques. Le laboratoire a montré que lors de la fermeture dorsale de l’embryon de drosophile, certaines cellules des segments centraux de l’ectoderme, appelées « Cellules Mixer » (CMs), sont reprogrammées pour traverser la frontière segmentale dans un phénomène qui prend le nom de « mixing ». La reprogrammation des CMs est JNK dépendante induisant l’expression de novo du gène engrailed (en). La mise au point de nouveaux outils génétiques a permis de révéler le rôle de deux familles de gènes impliqués dans les mécanismes de reprogrammation et de mixing : le gène Polycomb (Pc) et les gènes Hox. La technique de DNA-FISH, qui analyse l’interaction entre Pc et le PRE d’en, a ainsi montré que la voie JNK induit l’expression de novo d’en par dé-répression de l’activité Pc dans les CMs. De manière intéressante l’analyse approfondie des mutants Pc a dévoilé que les gènes Hox abdominal-A (abdA) et Abdominal-B (AbdB) contrôlent le domaine du mixing. Des expériences de gain et perte de fonction ont par la suite confirmé le rôle positif d’abdA et le rôle négatif d’AbdB dans le mixing. En conclusion, l’ensemble des résultats obtenus ont permis de dévoiler la présence d’un réseau génétique composé de par JNK, en, Pc et les gènes Hox contrôlant les mécanismes de reprogrammation cellulaire et de remodelage des frontières segmentales au cours du développement normal. / Tissue morphogenesis relies on patterned cell shape changes and movements taking place in specific morphogenetic domains. In segmented tissues, anterior and posterior compartments represent independent morphogenetic domains which are made of distinct lineages separated by boundaries. We previously reported on a rare event leading to the exchange of specific ‘Mixer Cells’ (MCs) between compartments of the ectoderm. During dorsal closure, MCs, which are of anterior origin, cross the boundary to integrate the adjacent posterior compartment through de novo expression of the posterior determinant Engrailed (En). This reprograming process is dependent on JNK signalling and is restricted to the central abdominal region. Here, we show that JNK signalling represses Polycomb (Pc) expression and that loss of Pc leads to an absence of MCs reprogramming. FISH-DNA coupled to immunostaining further shows that MCs fate transition is accompanied by a release of the en promoter from the repressing Pc bodies. Interestingly, our genetic data reveal that spatial control of MCs reprograming depends on the activity of the Hox genes abdominal-A (abdA) and Abdominal-B (AbdB). In their respective domains, abd-A promotes mixing while abd-B behaves as a strong repressor, thus restricting cell mixing to the central abdominal region. Together, these results provide new insights into the mechanisms of developmental reprogramming, showing that segment boundary plasticity relies on regional control of cell remodelling involving a gene regulatory network composed of JNK, en, Pc, and Hox activities.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-24 / Introdução: A homocisteína (Hcy) e cisteína são aminoácidos intermediários no metabolismo da metionina. A literatura tem mostrado que fatores dietéticos, como deficiências vitamínicas, são alguns dos fatores que podem alterar os níveis de Hcy e cisteína. Estudos recentes, particularmente em adultos, relatam que a elevação dos níveis destes aminoácidos está no rol de fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). Objetivos: Avaliar os níveis plasmáticos de Hcy e cisteína em uma amostra de escolares do Município de Santo André e relacioná-los com: níveis das vitaminas (ácido fólico e B12) e com variáveis antropométricas (peso, estatura e circunferência abdominal). Resultados: Foram avaliadas 708 crianças, pré-púberes, matriculadas em escola pública do município de Santo André. Adotaram-se como inadequados valores acima do percentil 90 (aumentados) para Hcy e cisteína, que corresponderam a 7,33μmol/L e 445,0μmol/L, respectivamente. Para o ácido fólico e vitamina B12 adotou-se valores inferiores ao percentil 10 como inadequados (baixos), sendo estes 9,1ng/dL e 346pg/dL, respectivamente. Na análise multivariada para a Hcy observamos que crianças com circunferência abdominal aumentada têm 2,34 vezes mais chance de apresentar níveis aumentados de Hcy. Verificou-se que crianças com circunferência abdominal aumentada, mesmo as eutróficas, têm chance 2,34 vezes mais elevada de apresentar níveis altos de Hcy. Em relação à cisteína, observou-se que crianças com circunferência abdominal elevada tiveram chance 2 vezes maior de ter cisteína inadequada, e que a cada ano de idade das crianças aumenta em 41% a chance de ter cisteína inadequada. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou pela primeira vez na literatura, associação entre o aumento da circunferência abdominal e níveis elevados de homocisteína e cisteína, em crianças muito jovens, independentemente da condição nutricional. Contudo, não observamos correlação dos níveis de Hcy e cisteína com possíveis deficiências de ácido fólico e vitamina B12. / Introduction: Homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine amino acids are intermediates in the metabolism of methionine. The literature has shown that dietary factors, such as vitamin deficiencies, are some of the factors that can alter the levels of homocysteine and cysteine. Recent studies, particularly in adults, report that rising levels of these amino acids is on the list of factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objectives: To evaluate plasma levels of homocysteine and cysteine in a sample of schoolchildren from the city of Santo André, Brazil and relate them to: levels of vitamins (folic acid and B12) and anthropometric variables (weight, height and waist circumference). Results: We evaluated 708 children, pre-pubertal children enrolled in public school in the municipality of Santo André. Were adopted as inadequate values above the 90th percentile (increased) for Hcy and cysteine, corresponding to 7.33 mmol / L and 445.0 mmol / L, respectively. For folic acid and vitamin B12 was adopted below the 10th percentile as inadequate (low), which were 9.1 ng / dL and 346pg/dL, respectively. In multivariate analysis for Hcy observed that children with increased waist circumference, are 2,34 times more likely to have increased levels of Hcy. It was found that children with increased waist circumference, even the well-nourished, have 2,34 times more likely to produce high levels of Hcy. With respect to cysteine, it was observed that children with high waist circumference had 2 times greater chance of having cysteine inadequate, and that for each year of age of children increases by 41% the chance of having inadequate cysteine. Conclusion: This study showed for the first time in literature, the association between abdominal obesity and elevated levels of homocysteine and cysteine, in very young children, regardless of nutritional status. However, no significant correlation between Hcy and cysteine with possible deficiencies of folic acid and vitamin B12. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição. Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. / Submitted by Maurílio Figueiredo (maurilioafigueiredo@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-07-17T21:24:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_ExcessoPesoObesidade.pdf: 1217438 bytes, checksum: f3ce67e7adbf040028d1af940c5aa43c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gracilene Carvalho (gracilene@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2014-07-18T17:57:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_ExcessoPesoObesidade.pdf: 1217438 bytes, checksum: f3ce67e7adbf040028d1af940c5aa43c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-18T17:57:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_ExcessoPesoObesidade.pdf: 1217438 bytes, checksum: f3ce67e7adbf040028d1af940c5aa43c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Introdução: A ocorrência, cada vez mais frequente, de excesso de peso e de obesidade abdominal na população economicamente ativa evidencia a necessidade de se conhecer e monitorar seus fatores associados, principalmente em trabalhadores do setor de reflorestamento, uma vez que, estudos sobre essa população são raros na literatura científica. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de excesso de peso e de obesidade abdominal e identificar seus fatores associados a trabalhadores do setor de reflorestamento em Minas Gerais. Metodologia: Estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado com 699 homens adultos, trabalhadores de uma empresa de reflorestamento, por meio da utilização do banco de dados do projeto denominado “Avaliação das condições de vida, saúde, de nutrição e de trabalho de trabalhadores florestais - Fase I”. O processo de regressão logística multinomial foi utilizado para estimar os valores de razões de chances e respectivos intervalos de 95 % de confiança considerando as categorias: excesso de peso corporal sem obesidade abdominal e obesidade abdominal. O processo de modelagem foi fundamentado em duas etapas. Inicialmente, as variáveis que apresentaram um p-valor < 0,25 na análise univariada foram selecionadas. Posteriormente, realizou-se a análise múltipla da regressão logística multinomial e foram mantidas no modelo as variáveis que apresentaram níveis de significância estatística menor do que 5 %. Todas as análises foram realizadas utilizando o software estatístico STATA versão 11.0. Resultados: Foi encontrada uma prevalência de 23,3 % de excesso de peso e uma prevalência de obesidade abdominal de 15,7 %. A idade variou entre 18 a 65 anos. A maioria dos trabalhadores (69 %) relatou viver com o companheiro. Em relação à renda, observou-se que 65 % dos trabalhadores ganhavam menos que dois salários mínimos. Em relação à renda utilizada na compra de alimentos, verificou-se que o gasto mediano era de R$ 200,00, e que 60 % dos trabalhadores despendiam um valor igual ou superior a esse. Em relação aos aspectos comportamentais, 20 % dos trabalhadores declararam consumir bebidas alcoólicas e 29,5 % deles declararam fazer uso do cigarro. Considerando os macronutrientes, maiores frequências de consumo dentro do recomendado foram observadas para proteínas. Observou-se que a maioria dos indivíduos realizava entre três e quatro refeições por dia. Quanto à investigação dos grupos de alimentos, destacou-se o grupo de leite e derivados, o qual apresentou uma frequência de 99 % de trabalhadores com consumo dentro do recomendado. Após a realização da regressão logística multinomial múltipla, foi encontrado que a idade superior a 32 anos associou-se ao excesso de peso (odds ratio ajustada: 2,58; IC95 % 1,68; 3,95). Trabalhadores que vivem com o companheiro apresentaram uma chance 2,48 vezes maior de desenvolver obesidade abdominal, comparados com os trabalhadores que vivem sem companheiro (IC95 % 1,33; 4,65). A não ingestão de lanche mostrou-se associada à obesidade abdominal (odds ratio ajustada: 1,77 IC95 % 1,03; 3,04). Conclusão: Futuros estudos devem ser desenvolvidos sobre o papel da dieta e de outros fatores associados na identificação do excesso de peso e da obesidade abdominal em trabalhadores do setor de reflorestamento. __________________________________________________________________________________________ / ABSTRACT: Introduction: The increasingly frequent occurrence of overweight and abdominal obesity in economically active population highlights the need to understand and monitor their associated factors, especially among workers in the forestry sector, since studies of this population are rare in the literature science. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity and identify associated factors among workers in the forestry sector in Minas Gerais. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, conducted with 699 adult male workers of a reforestation company, by using the database of a project entitled "Evaluation of living conditions, health, nutrition and forestry workers work - Phase I". A multinomial logistic regression process was used to estimate the values of the odds ratios and corresponding 95 % confidence considering two categories as outcome: excess body weight without abdominal obesity and abdominal obesity. The modeling process is based on two steps. Initially, we selected variables that had a p-value < 0,25 in the univariate analysis. Subsequently, we performed multiple analyzes of multinomial logistic regression and were kept in the model variables that showed statistical significance levels less than 5 %. All analyzes were performed using STATA statistical software version 11.0. Results: It was found a prevalence of 23,3 % of overweight and 15,7 % to abdominal obesity. Ages ranged from 18 to 65 years. Most workers (69 %) reported living with a partner. Concerning income, it was observed that 65 % of workers earned less than two minimum wages. Analyzing the income used to purchase food, it was found that the median value was 90,96 US$, and that 60 % of workers would spend an amount equal to or greater than this, in the acquisition of food. Regarding behavioral, 20 % of workers reported consuming alcohol and 29,5 % of them reported being smokers. Considering the macronutrients, higher frequencies of consumption within the recommended were observed for proteins. It was observed that the majority of subjects performed between three and four meals per day. Regarding the investigation of food groups, the group of milk and dairy products, which had a frequency of 99 % for workers with consumption within the recommended stood out. Upon completion of the multiple multinomial logistic regression, we found that age over 32 years was associated with overweight (adjusted odds ratio: 2,58; 95 % CI 1,68; 3,95). Workers living with partners were 2,48 times more likely to develop abdominal obesity compared with workers living without a partner (95%CI 1,33; 4,65). Failure snack intake was associated with abdominal obesity (adjusted odds ratio: 1,77 95 % CI 1,03; 3,04). Conclusion: Future studies should be conducted on the role of diet and other factors associated with the identification of overweight and abdominal obesity among workers in the forestry sector.