Dezoito galinhas de uma população experimental utilizada em um cruzamento recíproco entre as linhagens de frangos de corte (TT) e de postura (CC) foram sequenciadas pela tecnologia de nova geração na plataforma Illumina com uma cobertura média de 10X. A descoberta de variantes genéticas foi realizada em uma região de locos de característica quantitativa (Quantitative Trait Locus, QTL), associado anteriormente com peso e percentagem de gordura abdominal no cromossomo 3 da galinha (GGA3), entre os marcadores microssatélites LEI0161 e ADL0371 (33,595,706-42,632,651 pb). O programa SAMtools foi utilizado na identificação de 136.054 SNPs únicos e 15.496 INDELs únicas nos 18 animais sequenciados e após a filtragem das mutações, 92.518 SNPs únicos e 9.298 INDELs únicas foram mantidas. Uma lista de 77 genes foi analisada buscando genes relacionados ao metabolismo de lipídios. Variantes localizadas na região codificante (386 SNPs e 15 INDELs) foram identificadas e associadas com vias metabólicas importantes. Variantes nos genes LOC771163, EGLN1, GNPAT, FAM120B, THBS2 e GGPS1 foram identificadas e podem ser responsáveis pela associação do QTL com a deposição de gordura na carcaça em galinhas. / Eighteen chickens from a parental generation used in a reciprocal cross with broiler and layer lines were sequenced by new generation technology with an average of 10-fold coverage. The DNA sequencing was performed by Illumina next generation platform. The genetic variants discovery was performed in a quantitative trait loci (QTL) region which was previously associated with abdominal fat weight and percentage in chicken chromosome 3 (GGA3) between the microsatellite markers LEI0161 and ADL0371 (33,595,706-42,632,651 bp). SAMtools software was used to detect 136,054 unique SNPs and 15,496 unique INDELs for the 18 chickens, and after quality filtration 92,518 unique SNPs and 9,298 unique INDELs were retained. One list of 77 genes was analised and genes related to lipid metabolism were searched. Variants located in coding region (386 SNPs and 15 INDELs) were identified and associated with important metabolic pathways. Loss of functional variants in the genes LOC771163, EGLN1, GNPAT, FAM120B, THBS2 and GGPS1 may be responsible for the QTL associated with fat deposition in chicken.

Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2017-05-26T12:52:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 edivandrabuzato_dissert.pdf: 917604 bytes, checksum: b9e88e30b29c674ac928aaff474acc7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-26T12:52:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 edivandrabuzato_dissert.pdf: 917604 bytes, checksum: b9e88e30b29c674ac928aaff474acc7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-13 / Introduction: Breast cancer is currently the most common cancer of women worldwide. Historically, one of the most feared complications after the treatment of breast cancer is lymphedema. However, one problem often observed in patients is obesity with abdominal fat being a cardiovascular risk factor. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of abdominal fat in patients with clinical diagnosis of breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema. Patients and Method: Forty-five female patients with clinical diagnosis of lymphedema after breast cancer treatment were evaluated in a randomized controlled case study in the Clinica Godoy in 2012. A control group of 38womenwithout breast cancer, who attended the clinic for other reasons, were matched for age and body mass index (BMI). Both groups were evaluated by bioimpedance using the InBody®S10 device; age, abdominal fat and BMI were the main variables considered. The unpaired t-test, and Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis with an alpha error of 5% being considered acceptable. Results: There was no significant difference in the BMI between groups (unpaired t-test: p-value=0.23; 95% CI=-2.68-0.66: Standard deviation of study and control groups were 4.03 and 3.53, respectively). However there was a significant difference between the two groups in respect to abdominal fat (unpaired t-test: p-value<0.0001; 95% CI=86.71-116.77 and Mann-Whitney test: mean =100.75; 95% CI =83.7-112.5). Conclusions: Using bioimpedance, this study found that women with arm lymphedema after breast cancer treatment have higher levels of abdominal fat compared to women who had not suffered from breast cancer. Bioimpedance is efficient to evaluate abdominal fat as a low cost option in these patients and not invisibility. / Introdução: O câncer de mama atualmente é o mais comum dos cânceres em mulheres no mundo. Uma das complicações mais temida no pós-tratamento do câncer de mama relatado historicamente é o linfedema. Entretanto, um dos problemas observados nestas mulheres é a obesidade, sendo que a gordura abdominal constitui risco cardiovascular. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o aumenta na distribuição da gordura abdominal em mulheres pós-tratamento de câncer de mama com linfedema de membros superiores. Casuística e Método: Foram avaliadas, em estudo caso controle randomizado, 45 pacientes do sexo feminino com linfedema, diagnóstico clínico pós-tratamento de câncer de mama, acompanhadas na Clínica Godoy, em 2012; e comparadas com 38 mulheres sem câncer de mama, do grupo controle, que frequentam a clínica por outras causas, as quais foram pareadas por idade e Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC). Ambos os grupos foram submetidos à avaliação pela bioimpedância, aparelho InBody® S 10, sendo enfatizada a idade, gordura abdominal e Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC). Para a análise estatística foram utilizados Teste t não pareado, Teste de Mann-Whitney e Teste exato de Fisher, considerando erro alfa de 5%. Resultados: Relação do IMC do grupo controle com o grupo de estudo apresentado no Teste t não pareado: P = 0,23; IC 95% = -2,68 - 0,66. Desvio padrão do grupo de estudo (4,03) e desvio padrão do grupo controle (3,53). Em relação à gordura abdominal do grupo controle com o grupo de estudo apresentado no teste t não pareado: P < 0,0001; IC 95% = 86,71- 116,77. Teste Mann-whitney para análise da gordura abdominal entre o grupo de estudo e o grupo controle: média= 100,75; IC = 83,7 - 112,5. Conclusões: 1- O presente estudo concluiu que mulheres no pós-tratamento de câncer de mama com linfedema de membros superiores, apresentaram aumento no valor da gordura abdominal em relação a mulheres que não tiveram câncer de mama, avaliadas pela Bioimpedância. 2- A bioimpedância pode ser indicada para rastreamento da gordura abdominal nessas pacientes como uma opção de exame de baixo custo e viável.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2005. / Embargoed. Vita. Bibliography: 149-156.

N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) is intermediary metabolite in cellular choline to glycine metabolism, it is formed in the mitochondria of the liver by removing the group from betaine metil. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary DMG in order to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Santa Maria Brazil. A total of 1920 1-day-old broiler (Cobb-500) were raised until 42 days of age. Birds were randomly assigned in three treatments with ten replicate pens of 64 birds each. It was used diets with two levels (0 or 1,000mg DMG/kg feed) and a diet with growth promoter (AGP). Diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal. At 42days of age birds fed with diet with antibiotic had higher body weight broilers fed with control diet (P=0.0117), but the body weight of the birds and the BWG of antibiotic supplemented group did not differ. Feed intake at the end of the experimental period was lower in the birds of DMG supplemented than birds of antibiotic supplemented group. The study of carcass demonstrated effect of treatments. Birds fed with N,N-dimethylglycine had better carcass yield (74.98%) than birds without DMG (73.58%) in their diets (P=0.0195). Also this product increased the percentage of breast (P=0.0034) in 1.16% in relation birds fed without DMG and decreased the percentage of abdominal fat (P=0.0427) in 0.27% in relation to birds fed with AGP. Results of this studies suggest that the N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) had positive effect on carcass characteristics of broilers. / N, N-dimetilglicina (DMG) é um metabólito intermediário da colina no metabolismo celular da glicina, é formado nas mitocôndrias do fígado através da remoção do grupo de metil da betaína. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de DMG na alimentação de frangos de corte, a fim de avaliar as características de desempenho e de carcaça. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - Brasil. Foram utilizados 1.920 frangos de corte de 1 dia de idade, da linhagem Cobb-500 criados até os 42 dias de idade. As aves foram divididas aleatoriamente em três tratamentos com dez repetições de 64 aves cada. Foram utilizadas dietas com dois níveis de DMG (0 ou 1000mg de DMG/kg de dieta) e uma dieta com promotor de crescimento (AGP). As dietas foram formuladas a base de milho e farelo de soja. Aos 42 dias de idade as aves alimentadas com dieta com antibiótico tiveram maior peso corporal que as aves que receberam dieta controle (P=0,0117), mas o peso corporal e o ganho de peso das aves do grupo suplementado com antibióticos não diferiram das aves suplementadas com DMG. O consumo de ração no final do período experimental foi menor nas aves suplementadas com DMG em comparação as aves do grupo suplementado com AGP. O estudo das carcaças apresentou diferenças entre os tratamentos. Aves alimentadas com DMG tiveram melhor rendimento de carcaça (74,98%) do que as aves sem DMG (73,58%), (P=0,0195). O rendimento de peito em relação à carcaça foi 1,16% maior no grupo suplementado com DMG em relação às aves do grupo controle (P=0,0034). O percentual de gordura abdominal foi reduzido em 0,27 % nas aves do grupo DMG em relação às alimentadas com AGP (P=0,0427). Os resultados deste estudo mostram que N, N-dimetilglicina (DMG) teve efeito positivo sobre as características da carcaça de frangos de corte.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:29:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao mestrado Denise Macedo.pdf: 1343530 bytes, checksum: cb925207654f5ac7bd284cd975185480 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-07 / Physical exercise seems to reduce abdominal fat, however new researches comparing different kind of exercises are needed to define efficient training programs. The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of the aerobic training and the resistance training on abdominal fat loss. Participants were 31 overweight women (mean age 44,5 ± 8,6 years) with high level of abdominal fat that do not practice regular physical exercise. The training program of the aerobic group (AG), 19 women, consisted of walking and running while the resistance group (RG), 12 participants, consisted of weight lifting exercises. During 10 weeks, participants of both groups (AG and RG) were required to attend three sessions of physical exercise per week. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), seven skinfold thickness were assessed and body max index (BMI) and body composition were calculated at baseline and after the exercise intervention. Reduces in WC, total body fat (%BF) and abdominal skinfold thickness (AbST) were statistically significant (p < 0.01) in both groups, despite no significant changes in body weight and BMI. RG showed a higher reduction in %BF (AG = 2.3%; RG = 3.1%), WC (AG= 1.9%; RG = 2.5%) and AbST (AG = 6.6%; RG = 6.8%), however there were no significantly differences between the values of the two training groups. In conclusion, the results of the study demonstrate that 150 to 210 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise or progressive resistance training produces abdominal fat and total body fat losses among overweight and obese women / O exercício físico parece promover diminuição da obesidade abdominal, entretanto, pesquisas comparativas com diferentes tipos e intensidades de treinamento são necessárias para se definir as prescrições mais eficientes. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito dos exercícios aeróbico e resistido sobre a gordura abdominal. A amostra incluiu 31 indivíduos do sexo feminino (44,5 ± 8,6 anos de idade) com excesso de peso, alto índice de gordura abdominal e não praticantes de exercício físico regular. O treinamento do grupo aeróbico (GA), 19 mulheres, incluiu caminhada e corrida e do grupo resistido (GR), 12 sujeitos, exercícios com pesos. Os grupos realizaram de 50 a 70 minutos de exercícios, três vezes por semana, durante 10 semanas. Mediuse peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura (CC), dobras cutâneas e calculouse o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a composição corporal no pré e pós treinamento. Em ambos os grupos ocorreram diminuições significativas (p<0,01) na CC, no percentual total de gordura corporal (%GC) e dobra cutânea do abdome (DOCabd), entretanto o peso corporal e o IMC não alteraram significativamente. Apesar do GR apresentar maiores reduções no %GC (2,3% GA e 3,1% GR) e na gordura abdominal avaliada por meio da CC (1,9% GA e 2,5% GR) e da DOCabd (6,6% GA e 6,8% GR), não houve diferença estatística entre os valores. Concluiuse que tanto o exercício aeróbico como o resistido, realizados com intensidade moderada por 150 a 210 minutos semanais promovem ajustes positivos na composição corporal e diminuição da obesidade abdominal de mulheres com excesso de peso

Dezoito galinhas de uma população experimental utilizada em um cruzamento recíproco entre as linhagens de frangos de corte (TT) e de postura (CC) foram sequenciadas pela tecnologia de nova geração na plataforma Illumina com uma cobertura média de 10X. A descoberta de variantes genéticas foi realizada em uma região de locos de característica quantitativa (Quantitative Trait Locus, QTL), associado anteriormente com peso e percentagem de gordura abdominal no cromossomo 3 da galinha (GGA3), entre os marcadores microssatélites LEI0161 e ADL0371 (33,595,706-42,632,651 pb). O programa SAMtools foi utilizado na identificação de 136.054 SNPs únicos e 15.496 INDELs únicas nos 18 animais sequenciados e após a filtragem das mutações, 92.518 SNPs únicos e 9.298 INDELs únicas foram mantidas. Uma lista de 77 genes foi analisada buscando genes relacionados ao metabolismo de lipídios. Variantes localizadas na região codificante (386 SNPs e 15 INDELs) foram identificadas e associadas com vias metabólicas importantes. Variantes nos genes LOC771163, EGLN1, GNPAT, FAM120B, THBS2 e GGPS1 foram identificadas e podem ser responsáveis pela associação do QTL com a deposição de gordura na carcaça em galinhas. / Eighteen chickens from a parental generation used in a reciprocal cross with broiler and layer lines were sequenced by new generation technology with an average of 10-fold coverage. The DNA sequencing was performed by Illumina next generation platform. The genetic variants discovery was performed in a quantitative trait loci (QTL) region which was previously associated with abdominal fat weight and percentage in chicken chromosome 3 (GGA3) between the microsatellite markers LEI0161 and ADL0371 (33,595,706-42,632,651 bp). SAMtools software was used to detect 136,054 unique SNPs and 15,496 unique INDELs for the 18 chickens, and after quality filtration 92,518 unique SNPs and 9,298 unique INDELs were retained. One list of 77 genes was analised and genes related to lipid metabolism were searched. Variants located in coding region (386 SNPs and 15 INDELs) were identified and associated with important metabolic pathways. Loss of functional variants in the genes LOC771163, EGLN1, GNPAT, FAM120B, THBS2 and GGPS1 may be responsible for the QTL associated with fat deposition in chicken.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18646号 / 医博第3945号 / 新制||医||1006(附属図書館) / 31560 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 川上 浩司, 教授 横出 正之, 教授 千葉 勉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Objective: To investigate the extent to which changes in physical activity predict changes in abdominal fat in women over an 18-month period, while statistically controlling the effects of possible confounders, such as age, total body fat percent, and energy intake. Design: A prospective cohort design over 18 months. There was no intervention or treatment. Changes in objectively-measured physical activity were used to predict changes in abdominal fat over the study period. Subjects: 110 healthy, middle-aged women (mean: 41.3±3.3 yrs), primarily Caucasian, educated, and married. Measurements: An objective measure of physical activity (ACT) using CSA accelerometers, worn continuously for 7 consecutive days at baseline and again at follow-up. Total body fat and abdominal fat percent were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Energy intake was estimated using 7-day, weighed food records for the days in which subjects wore accelerometers. Results: No significant change between baseline and follow-up means for abdominal fat, physical activity, or energy intake over the study period. Moreover, change in physical activity was not a significant predictor of change in abdominal fat, with or without statistical control of confounders. Change in energy intake was a predictor of abdominal fat (P=0.0688), and this association was strengthened after adjusting for age, baseline total body fat, and changes in physical activity. Conclusions: Apparently, when measured using accelerometers, changes in physical activity are not predictive of changes in abdominal fat over an 18-month period. However, changes in energy intake seem to predict changes in abdominal fat. Evidently, increases and decreases in abdominal fat are more a function of energy intake than physical activity in middle-aged women.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), a chronic respiratory disorder affecting as many as 1 in 5 adults, is associated with repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep and results in fragmented sleep and intermittent periods of hypoxia and hypercapnia. If left untreated, OSAS increases the risk for hypertension, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a manner that is independent of obesity in mid-adulthood. However, it is still unknown if evidence of these relationships is apparent in young adults with OSAS who are otherwise healthy and free of other chronic comorbidities. Objectives: To determine if functional and biochemical evidence of insulin resistance, MetS, and vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) exists in young, overweight men with OSAS and if the combined effects of obesity and OSAS augments the evidence of chronic disease pathogenesis beyond the effects of obesity alone. Subjects: Subjects were 12 overweight men with OSAS (age = 22.8 ± 0.8; BMI = 32.4 ± 1.0; apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) = 25.4 ± 5.4), 17 overweight men without OSAS (age = 22.5 ± 0.7; BMI = 31.6 ± 1.1; AHI = 2.2 ± 0.3), and 18 normal weight men without OSAS (age = 21.1 ± 0.5; BMI = 22.4 ± 0.4; AHI = 1.9 ± 0.3). Methods: Subjects were evaluated for OSAS using an unsupervised, portable polysomnography test. Total fat and central abdominal fat (CAF) were assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Fasting blood samples were used to quantify biochemical markers for insulin resistance (glucose, insulin, adiponectin, IL-6, and TNF-á) and endothelial dysfunction (CRP, VEGF, and VEGFR2) using ELISA, RIA, and flow cytometry. MetS was defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) clinical standards. Triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and glucose were measured using a commercial lipid panel. Resting blood pressure was obtained manually via auscultation. VED was measured via strain gauge plethysmography, with endothelium-dependent vasodilatation being assessed from forearm reactive hyperemia after a 5-minute period of upper arm occlusion. Statistics: One-way ANOVA was used to determine group differences in variables. Two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate group x time interactions during the 2-minute recovery period following upper arm occlusion. Pearson partial correlation was used to assess relationships between continuous variables, with analyses being controlled for CAF or OSAS severity. Spearman correlation was used to assess relationships between number of MetS components present and both indices of adiposity and OSAS severity. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine significant predictors of OSAS severity, insulin resistance, components of the MetS, and endothelial dysfunction. Results: Overweight subjects with OSAS had more CAF, higher fasting triglycerides, and lower serum adiponectin concentrations than both overweight and normal weight non-apneic controls. Furthermore, fasting triglycerides were directly correlated to OSAS severity, even after the influence of central abdominal fat was removed. OSAS severity was an independent predictor of triglyceride levels, and vice versa. Insulin resistance, leptin, insulin, and CRP were all higher in overweight subjects than controls, but no further differences were attributable to severity of OSAS. No differences in IL-6, TNF-á, ADMA, and expression of VEGFR2 were noted between any groups. No group or group x time interaction differences existed in regards to postocclusive reactive hyperemia responses. Conclusions: Young men with OSAS exhibit several unique anthropometric and biochemical abnormalities that may indicate early pathogenesis of or increased risk for future development for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Identification and treatment of OSAS at this age may be critical to prevent the onset and progression of these chronic disorders. / Ph. D.