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by Wang Wei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-168). / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.v / SUMMARY --- p.vi / PUBLICATIONS --- p.viii / STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY --- p.ix / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.x / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Chromosome --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Chromosome and Human Disease --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Chromosome and Tumour --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4 --- Chromosome in Gynaecologic Tumours --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Cervical tumour --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Uterine corpus tumour --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Ovarian tumour --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5 --- Methodology in cytogenetics --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Materials --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Methods of chromosome preparation --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Karyotype analysis --- p.34 / Chapter 2.6 --- Problems of cytogenetic analysis in solid tumour --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1 --- Chemicals and Solutions --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2 --- Chromosome preparation from solid gynaecologic tumours --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Solid tumour specimens --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Chromosome preparation --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- Chromosome preparation from an established ovarian carcinoma cell line --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Origin of OCC1 cell line --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Characteristics of OCC1 cell line --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Maintaining of OCC1 cell line --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Chromosome preparation --- p.62 / Chapter 3.4 --- Karyotype analysis --- p.65 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULTS --- p.66 / Chapter 4.1 --- Cytogenetic features of gynaecologic solid tumour --- p.67 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Cervical cancer --- p.67 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Uterine corpus cancer --- p.94 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Ovarian cancer --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2 --- Cytogenetic features of OCC1 ovarian carcinoma cell line --- p.114 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- DISCUSSION --- p.123 / Chapter 5.1 --- Methodology of chromosome preparation in solid tumour --- p.124 / Chapter 5.2 --- Chromosome changes in gynaecologic solid tumour --- p.126 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Cervical cancer --- p.126 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Uterine corpus cancer --- p.132 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Ovarian cancer --- p.138 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- In summary --- p.141 / Chapter 5.3 --- Chromosome changes in an OCC1 ovarian carcinoma cell line --- p.143 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.148 / REFERENCES --- p.154

Wavefront-guided (WFG) laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) differs from conventional surgery by applying a refined algorithm for tissue removal, based on information from preoperative wavefront aberration data. Since the introduction of this technology, there have been few investigations comprehensively reporting outcomes, particularly for hyperopic treatments. This thesis aimed to determine the impact of myopic and hyperopic WFG LASIK on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, higher order aberrations and subjective ratings, as well as determine the relationship between these outcome measures. Bilateral WFG LASIK was performed on 324 myopic eyes (162 subjects) and 62 hyperopic eyes (31 subjects). High contrast (HC) and low contrast (LC) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and contrast sensitivity were assessed using ETDRS charts and vertical sinusoidal gratings, respectively. Higher order ocular aberrations were measured using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and analyzed across a 5.0 mm pupil. Subjective ratings were assessed using a closed-ended categorical questionnaire. Assessments were conducted prior to surgery and at three and six months postoperatively. WFG LASIK had minimal impact on BCVA and contrast sensitivity; however there was an impact on the magnitude and profile of higher order aberrations, which differed between the myopic and hyperopic groups. There was a greater increase in higher order aberrations for the hyperopic group, who also had a tendency to have lower visual outcomes and worse subjective ratings. Despite these results, there were no associations between subjective ratings and higher order aberrations, LC BCVA or contrast sensitivity for both groups and a clear understanding of the relationship between these outcome measures was not apparent. Factor analysis revealed a variety of factors that contributed to the outcome measures for this data set, with the three main factors being: subjective ratings, vision and optical quality. In conclusion, WFG LASIK had excellent outcomes in terms of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and subjective ratings, despite an increase in higher order aberrations compared with those found prior to surgery. Hyperopic outcomes were slightly worse than myopic outcomes. Further investigation is required to determine the impact of higher order aberrations on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and subjective ratings, as well as the relationship between these measures.

Wavefront-guided (WFG) laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) differs from conventional surgery by applying a refined algorithm for tissue removal, based on information from preoperative wavefront aberration data. Since the introduction of this technology, there have been few investigations comprehensively reporting outcomes, particularly for hyperopic treatments. This thesis aimed to determine the impact of myopic and hyperopic WFG LASIK on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, higher order aberrations and subjective ratings, as well as determine the relationship between these outcome measures. Bilateral WFG LASIK was performed on 324 myopic eyes (162 subjects) and 62 hyperopic eyes (31 subjects). High contrast (HC) and low contrast (LC) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and contrast sensitivity were assessed using ETDRS charts and vertical sinusoidal gratings, respectively. Higher order ocular aberrations were measured using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and analyzed across a 5.0 mm pupil. Subjective ratings were assessed using a closed-ended categorical questionnaire. Assessments were conducted prior to surgery and at three and six months postoperatively. WFG LASIK had minimal impact on BCVA and contrast sensitivity; however there was an impact on the magnitude and profile of higher order aberrations, which differed between the myopic and hyperopic groups. There was a greater increase in higher order aberrations for the hyperopic group, who also had a tendency to have lower visual outcomes and worse subjective ratings. Despite these results, there were no associations between subjective ratings and higher order aberrations, LC BCVA or contrast sensitivity for both groups and a clear understanding of the relationship between these outcome measures was not apparent. Factor analysis revealed a variety of factors that contributed to the outcome measures for this data set, with the three main factors being: subjective ratings, vision and optical quality. In conclusion, WFG LASIK had excellent outcomes in terms of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and subjective ratings, despite an increase in higher order aberrations compared with those found prior to surgery. Hyperopic outcomes were slightly worse than myopic outcomes. Further investigation is required to determine the impact of higher order aberrations on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and subjective ratings, as well as the relationship between these measures.

Mask Projection Microstereolithography (MPSLA) is an additive manufacturing process capable for fabricating true three-dimensional microparts and hence, holds promise as a potential micro-fabrication process for micro-machine components. With only a few MPSLA systems developed and studied so far, the research in this field is inchoate and experimental in nature. The process of curing a micropart using an MPSLA system has not been analytically modeled and no literature on process planning for MPSLA is available. In order to employ the MPSLA technology for microfabrication, it is necessary to model its part building process and formulate a process planning method to cure dimensionally accurate microparts. As a part of this thesis, an MPSLA system is designed and assembled. The process of curing a single layer using this system is analytically modeled as the Layer cure model. The Layer cure model is formulated in two steps. First, the irradiance received by the resin surface is modeled as a function of the system parameters (Irradiance model). Then, the resin used in the system is characterized to experimentally determine its working curve. The Irradiance model and the resin characterization enable us to compute the dimensions of any layer cured using our MPSLA system in terms of the process parameters. The Layer cure model has been validated by curing test layers on our system. Finally, the Layer cure model has been inverted to formulate a process planning method to cure layers of the required dimensions. Using this process planning method, it is possible to cure layers within a dimensional error of 3%.

When designing a lens, cost and manufacturing concerns are extremely challenging, especially with radical optical designs. The tolerance process is the bridge between design and manufacturing. Three techniques which improve the interaction between lens design and engineers are successfully shown in this thesis along with implementation of these techniques. First, a method to accurately model optomechanical components within lens design is developed and implemented. Yield improvements are shown to increase by approximately 3% by modeling optomechanical components. Second, a method utilizing aberration theory is applied to discover potential tolerance sensitivity of an optical system through the design process. The use of aberration theory gives an engineer ways to compensate for errors. Third, a method using tolerance grade mapping is applied to error values of an optical system. This mapping creates a simplified comparison method between individual tolerances and lens designs.

Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in Danish. Bibliography: p. [88]-97.

Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in Danish. Bibliography: p. [88]-97.

Orientador: Carmem Silvia Fontanetti Christofoletti / Banca: Tatiana da Silva Souza / Banca: Ana Cristina Mielli / Resumo: O lodo de esgoto pode conter substâncias tóxicas, estar contaminado com metais pesados e até mesmo por compostos químicos persistentes, sendo assim, a disposição inadequada desse resíduo pode fazer tais poluentes retornarem ao ambiente e, eventualmente, entrar na cadeia alimentar, caso sejam absorvidos pelas plantas. O conhecimento dos agentes químicos presentes no lodo permite avaliar o risco de contaminação alimentar e ambiental decorrente da utilização de lodos como fertilizantes agrícolas, também chamados de biossólidos. Logo, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial genotóxico, citotóxico e mutagênico do lodo gerado por uma Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE), por meio dos sistemas-teste Allium cepa e Tradescantia pallida. As coletas foram realizadas em abril de 2009 e maio de 2010 e os organismos foram expostos ao lodo bruto e seu solubilizado. Quando comparados os resultados obtidos nos bioensaios com as análises físico-químicas, não é possível estabelecer relação de causa e efeito com nenhum composto em específico, uma vez que todos os parâmetros avaliados se encontram dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA 375; no entanto, em ambos os organismos, o lodo apresentou-se genotóxico e mutagênico, alertando sobre a necessidade de cuidado na disponibilização deste tipo de resíduo em solos. Dessa forma é possível concluir que os ensaios de toxicidade genética são capazes de identificar os efeitos diretos do lodo de esgoto e poderiam ser contemplados pela legislação como ferramenta complementar à bateria de testes já estabelecida devido à simplicidade dos testes e custo relativamente reduzido. O trabalho traz ainda uma revisão de literatura sobre a utilização da espécie Tradescantia, suas bases e aplicações das técnicas do pêlo estaminal (Trad-SHM) e teste o do micronúcleo (Trad- MCN), apontando suas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Sewage sludge can contain toxic substances, may be contaminated with heavy metals and persistent chemicals, so the improper disposal of this waste can return such pollutants to the environment and possibly return to the food chain if absorbed by plants. The knowledge of chemical agents present in the sludge can assess the risk of food contamination and environmental arising from the use of sludge as agricultural fertilizer, also called biosolids. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential genotoxic, cytotoxic and mutagenic of sludge generated from a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) by the Allium cepa and Tradescantia pallida tests-systems. Samples were collected in April 2009 and May 2010 and the organisms were exposed to raw sludge and its solublilizated samples. Comparing the results obtained in bioassays with the physico-chemical properties, its cannot establish cause and effect relationship with any compound in particular, since all parameters are within limits set by CONAMA Resolution 375, however, in both organisms, the sludge showed genotoxic and mutagenic, and warns about caution in providing this type of waste in soils. Thus, we conclude that the genetic toxicity tests are able to identify the direct effects of sewage sludge and could be provided by the law as a complementary tool to the battery of tests previously established, due to the simplicity of the tests and relatively low cost. The work also contains a review on the use of Tradescantia species, their bases and applications of the techniques of stamen hair (Trad-SHM) and the micronucleus test (Trad-MCN), pointing out its advantages as a tool for monitoring of environmental health / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:49:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 maziviero_gt_me_rcla.pdf: 2136084 bytes, checksum: f88fe503bcf92cfda47c9034c3c0d9c5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O lodo de esgoto pode conter substâncias tóxicas, estar contaminado com metais pesados e até mesmo por compostos químicos persistentes, sendo assim, a disposição inadequada desse resíduo pode fazer tais poluentes retornarem ao ambiente e, eventualmente, entrar na cadeia alimentar, caso sejam absorvidos pelas plantas. O conhecimento dos agentes químicos presentes no lodo permite avaliar o risco de contaminação alimentar e ambiental decorrente da utilização de lodos como fertilizantes agrícolas, também chamados de biossólidos. Logo, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial genotóxico, citotóxico e mutagênico do lodo gerado por uma Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE), por meio dos sistemas-teste Allium cepa e Tradescantia pallida. As coletas foram realizadas em abril de 2009 e maio de 2010 e os organismos foram expostos ao lodo bruto e seu solubilizado. Quando comparados os resultados obtidos nos bioensaios com as análises físico-químicas, não é possível estabelecer relação de causa e efeito com nenhum composto em específico, uma vez que todos os parâmetros avaliados se encontram dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA 375; no entanto, em ambos os organismos, o lodo apresentou-se genotóxico e mutagênico, alertando sobre a necessidade de cuidado na disponibilização deste tipo de resíduo em solos. Dessa forma é possível concluir que os ensaios de toxicidade genética são capazes de identificar os efeitos diretos do lodo de esgoto e poderiam ser contemplados pela legislação como ferramenta complementar à bateria de testes já estabelecida devido à simplicidade dos testes e custo relativamente reduzido. O trabalho traz ainda uma revisão de literatura sobre a utilização da espécie Tradescantia, suas bases e aplicações das técnicas do pêlo estaminal (Trad-SHM) e teste o do micronúcleo (Trad- MCN), apontando suas... / Sewage sludge can contain toxic substances, may be contaminated with heavy metals and persistent chemicals, so the improper disposal of this waste can return such pollutants to the environment and possibly return to the food chain if absorbed by plants. The knowledge of chemical agents present in the sludge can assess the risk of food contamination and environmental arising from the use of sludge as agricultural fertilizer, also called biosolids. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential genotoxic, cytotoxic and mutagenic of sludge generated from a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) by the Allium cepa and Tradescantia pallida tests-systems. Samples were collected in April 2009 and May 2010 and the organisms were exposed to raw sludge and its solublilizated samples. Comparing the results obtained in bioassays with the physico-chemical properties, its cannot establish cause and effect relationship with any compound in particular, since all parameters are within limits set by CONAMA Resolution 375, however, in both organisms, the sludge showed genotoxic and mutagenic, and warns about caution in providing this type of waste in soils. Thus, we conclude that the genetic toxicity tests are able to identify the direct effects of sewage sludge and could be provided by the law as a complementary tool to the battery of tests previously established, due to the simplicity of the tests and relatively low cost. The work also contains a review on the use of Tradescantia species, their bases and applications of the techniques of stamen hair (Trad-SHM) and the micronucleus test (Trad-MCN), pointing out its advantages as a tool for monitoring of environmental health