Cette recherche est basée sur l’étude de deux niveaux d’endommagements de la connexion implantaire : en premier lieu, l’usure liée aux différents cycles d’insertion/désinsertion nécessaire à l’élaboration d’une prothèse sur des échantillons implantaires ; et d’autre part, les endommagements au cours du temps, réalisés à l’aide d’une étude par fretting-corrosion en salive humaine. Lors des différents cycles de serrage/desserrage, des endommagements sur l’ensemble des composants sont présents. La vis implantaire, qui concentre la majorité des complications thérapeutiques, doit être renouvelée après 20 cycles de serrage maximum. L’utilisation de vis de laboratoire permet ainsi de limiter les dégradations sur cette dernière et d’optimiser la valeur de précontrainte lors du serrage d’usage. Lorsque la prothèse est mise en service, les endommagements sont principalement liés à des usures par tribocorrosion. Ce phénomène est à l’origine d’usure synergique et engendre une modification de la microstructure en regard des surfaces frottée / This research based on the study of two levels of damage focused on the implant connection: firstly, the wear associated with the opening/closing cycle dedicated to the manufacturing process; secondly, the damage over the time, that is a fretting-corrosion study of dental implants in human saliva. During the tightening/loosening cycles, damage to all the components is present. The screws that include the majority of the complications have to be changed after 20 tightening cycles. The use of laboratory screws limits the damage and optimizes the preload value. When the prosthesis and the implant are assemblies, the damage appears thanks to fretting/corrosion (tribocorrosion) behavior. This phenomenon does involve synergistic wear and a modification of the microstructure on the fretting surfaces

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:42:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Christiane Lago Ojaimi.pdf: 6052819 bytes, checksum: 5dbeb59c4d5610d059c81f63f68e3c11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-29 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / The search for a beautiful and harmonious smile has motivated research on ceramic materials for dentistry aiming at the elimination of the metal substructure. Among many dental devices, abutments for implants are one component that has been replaced by ceramic material. The ceramics that exhibit good biocompatibility and mechanical properties are alumina and zirconia, the latter being the material the most widely used ceramic abutments. Both alumina and zirconia as present some restrictions when used only, but the ceramic base of alumina and zirconia compounds can present improved property compared with the isolated materials. Studies exhibit that alumina-zirconia nanocomposites present agreat improvement in some mechanical properties. Since the national production of ceramic abutments is still low compared to international production, and ceramic abutment with alumina and zirconia is not widespread. This work aims studying the sintering in two and three steps process of ceramic alumina nanocomposites with nanometric inclusion of 15% by volume of zirconia, aiming the application as dental abutment. For this purpose, samples were produced by pressing and sintered using different sintering conditions. The characterization of the sintered nanocomposites was made by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and measurements of grain size, and mechanical properties were evaluated from Vickers microhardness and fracture toughness. To evaluate the hydrothermal stability of these nanocomposites, accelerated aging tests were done in an autoclave and the samples were characterized by atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that sintering in steps allowed in the refinement of the microstructure of nanocomposites and that were resistant to hydrothermal degradation. / A busca por um sorriso bonito e harmônico tem motivado pesquisas na área de materiais cerâmicos para odontologia visando à eliminação da subestrutura metálica. Dentre muitos dispositivos odontológicos, os pilares intermediários para implantes são um dos componentes que vem sendo substituído por material cerâmico. As cerâmicas que apresentam boa biocompatibilidade e propriedades mecânicas são a alumina e a zircônia, sendo esta última a mais utilizada em pilares cerâmicos. Tanto a alumina quanto a zircônia apresentam algumas restrições quando utilizadas sozinhas, porém os compostos cerâmicos a base de alumina e zircônia podem apresentar ganhos de propriedade se comparada com os materiais isolados. Estudos mostram ainda que os nanocompósitos de alumina-zircônia apresentam uma grande melhoria em algumas propriedades mecânicas. Porém na produção de materiais cerâmicos geralmente utiliza-se sinterização sem pressão, o que ocasiona grande crescimento de grão, um dos métodos para se refinar a microestrutura de maneira simples é a sinterização em etapas. Uma vez que a produção nacional de pilares cerâmicos ainda é baixa se comparada com a produção estrangeira, e o pilar de cerâmica com alumina e zircônia é pouco difundido. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o processo de sinterização em duas e três etapas de nanocompósitos cerâmicos de alumina com 15% em volume de inclusão nanométrica de zircônia, visando a aplicação como pilar odontológico. Para isso, amostras produzidas por prensagem foram sinterizadas utilizando diferentes condições de sinterização. A caracterização dos nanocompósitos sinterizados foi feita por difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e medidas de tamanho de grão, e as propriedades mecânicas foram avaliadas por medidas de dureza Vickers e tenacidade à fratura. Para avaliar a estabilidade desses nanocompósitos foram feitos ensaios de envelhecimento acelerado em autoclave e as amostras foram caracterizadas por microscopia de força atômica e difração de raios X. Os resultados mostraram que a sinterização em etapas permitiu o refinamento da microestrutura dos nanocompósitos e que este apresentou resistência a degradação hidrotermal.

This analysis is an expansion of research done by Rollin Hotchkiss during his Ph.D work. The research uses fluid flow, sediment transport, and perturbation theory to predict where scour will occur in a variable-width channel. The resulting equations also determine equilibrium scour depth based upon the stream bed elevation derived from a dimensionless bed slope equation. Hotchkiss perturbed the width of the channel using a second order Taylor Series perturbation but neglected second order terms. The present work follows the same procedures as Hotchkiss but maintains the second order terms. The primary purpose is to examine how the additional terms impact the final equilibrium scour depth and location results. The results of this research show a slight variation from the previous work. With respect to a hypothetical case, there was not a significant amount of change, thereby verifying that scour migrates downstream with an increase in discharge. Interestingly, the comparison shows a slight increase in sediment discharge through the test reach analyzed. Supplementary to previous research, values of scour depth and location in terms of distance from the start of channel-width perturbation are provided; at the lowest discharge maximum scour occurs 4% of a wavelength upstream of the narrowest portion, and at the highest discharge maximum scour occurs at the narrowest point. Additionally, a one-dimensional HEC-RAS sediment transport model and a two- dimensional SRH flow model were compared to the analytical results. Results show that the model output of the HEC-RAS model and the SRH model adequately approximate the analytical model studied. Specifically, the results verify that maximum scour depth transitions downstream as discharge increases.

The term ???Integral Abutment Bridges??? is used broadly all over the world these days. While the expansion joints used in bridges were once a scientifically proved cure to the problem of natural expansion and contraction, there are the excessive maintenance costs being accumulated annually due to the deterioration of essential functions from deicing chemicals and debris. This drawback triggered the advent of Integral Abutment Bridges. The performance of Integral Abutment Bridges at almost no extra costs in seasonal and daily cyclic contraction and expansion can be assessed as a monumental landmark of civil engineering technologies with respect to the massive budget reductions. However, since Integral Abutment Bridges are destined to expand or contract under the laws of nature, the bridge design became more complicated and sophisticated in order to complement the removal of expansion joints. That is why numerous researchers are attracted to Integral Abutment Bridges with deep interests. Accordingly, in designing the piled abutments of Integral bridges, it is essential to precisely predict the bridge???s behavior in advance. Researchers have been broadly carried out during the last several decades on the behavior of piled bridge abutments. However, most of the studies have been analyzed with focus on structural elements or soils, respectively for the static and dynamic loads such as thermal variations and earthquake loads. This presented research developed 3D numerical models with 3 m, 4 m, 5 m, 6 m, 7 m, and 8 m-tall abutments in the bridge using the finite element analysis software MIDAS CIVIL that simulate the behaviors of Integral Abutment Bridges to study the soil-structure interaction mechanism. In addition, this work evaluated and validated the suitability to the limit of the abutment height in Ontario???s recommendations for Integral Abutment Bridges by a parametric study under the combined static loading conditions. In order to be a balanced research in terms of a multidisciplinary study, this research analyzed key facts and issues related to soil-structure interaction mechanisms with both structural and geotechnical concerns. Moreover, the study established an explanatory diagram on soil-structure interaction mechanisms by cyclic thermal movements in Integral Abutment Bridges.

O sucesso da terapia reabilitadora com implantes requer um equilíbrio entre fatores biológicos e mecânicos. Os fatores biológicos são inúmeros, já os mecânicos associam-se à instabilidade da interface implante-intermediário protético. Com base nestas informações, este estudo busca criar um aparelho com o qual será possível avaliar e comparar a resistência e a estabilidade da interface implante-intermediário protético em implantes de diferentes tipos de sistema de conexão e componentes protéticos, após a aplicação de carga simulada, que será realizada por meio de um ensaio dinâmico de fadiga rotacional, também conhecido como flexão rotativa. Para a criação deste aparelho, vários procedimentos com base em princípios de usinagem CNC (Controle Numérico Computadorizado), engenharia elétrica e física foram utilizados. Os futuros testes e resultados, utilizando-se esse aparelho para realizar o ensaio de fadiga, serão publicados em trabalhos futuros. Para o desenvolvimento dos modelos de corpos de prova a serem analisados na máquina de ensaio, foram utilizados implantes do tipo hexágono externo (Neodent) de 3,75mm de diâmetro x 11.5mm de comprimento. Ao término do desenvolvimento, obteve-se um aparelho confiável, resistente e extremamente versátil; podendo-se facilmente variar a carga exercida e a frequência de rotação, sendo assim possível executar inúmeras combinações de ensaios de fadiga. Esse estudo demonstrou a possibilidade e viabilidade de desenvolver um aparelho adequado para realizar um ensaio de fadiga, de pequena dimensão (portátil) e a um custo significativamente inferior do que comprar um aparelho próprio para tal fim. / The success of a rehabilitation therapy with implant fixtures requires a balance between biological and mechanical factors. The biological factors are innumerable, however the mechanics associate it whit instability of the implant-abutment interface. On the basis of these information, the aim of this study is to create a device which it will be possible to evaluate and to compare the resistance and the stability of the implant-abutment interface whith implants of different connection system and abutments, after the simulated load application, that will be carried through a dynamic assay of rotational fatigue load, also known as rotary bending. For the creation of this device, some procedures on the basis of principles of milling CNC (Computerized Numerical control), electric and physical engineering had been used. The future tests and results, using this device to carry through the fatigue assay, will be published in future works. For the development of the body test to be analyzed in the assay machine, implant fixtures of external hexagon type (Neodent) of 3,75mm of diameter x 11mm of length had been used. In the ending of the development, a trustworthy, resistant and extremely versatile device was gotten; being able itself easily to vary the exerted load and the frequency of rotation, being been thus possible to execute innumerable combinations of fatigue assays. This study demonstrated the possibility and viability of it developing an adequate device to carry through an assay of fatigue, of small dimension (portable) and the significantly inferior cost of what if to buy a proper device for such end.

Objetivo. Avaliar a capacidade de selamento e a adaptação de intermediários UCLA, com ou sem uma cinta de cobalto-cromo (CoCr), em um sistema de implante de hexágono externo. Materiais e métodos. 120 implantes hexágono externo (Sistema de Implante Nacional - SIN, SP, Brazil) foram dividos em dois grupos (n=60) para receber intermediários UCLA de 6 fabricantes (n=10), com ou sem cinta pré-fabricada de CoCr (n=60). Os intermediários foram fundidos e subdivididos em 12 grupos da seguinte forma: M (Microplant), I (Impladen), S (SIN), Sv (Signo Vinces), T (TitaniumFix), and B (Bionnovation). A capacidade de selamento foi determinada pela colocação de 0.7 &#x3BC;L de azul de toluidina, 0.1% (TB) no espaço interno dos implantes antes do torque nos intermediários. Os espécimes implante-intemediários foram colocados dentro de tubos de 2.0 mL, contendo 0.7 mL de água destilada, a fim de manter a interface implante-intemediário submersa. Amostras de 100 &#x3BC;l foram coletadas após 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 144 horas de incubação para medição da absorbância em um espectofotômetro e devolvidos para medidas subsequentes. Para análise estatística, foram empregados o teste ANOVA a dois critérios (p < 0.05) e o teste de Tukey. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foi usado para visualização da adaptação da interface implante-intermediário. Resultados. Os grupos M, Sv, e T sem cinta CoCr apresentaram completa liberação de corante (TB) em 1 h, enquanto que nos grupos I, S, e B, a liberação do corante ocorreu em 3, 24 e 96 h, respectivamente. Para os intermediários com cinta préfabricada, a completa liberação de corante ocorreu em 6 h para o grupo S, em 24 h para os grupos Sv, T e B, e em 72 h para os grupos M e I. Foram observados desajustes na interface implante/intermediário em todos os grupos. Os desajustes mais evidentes foram observados para os grupos M e T, sem cinta de CoCr. Conclusões. A completa liberação de corante foi observada em diferentes períodos de tempo para todos intermediários UCLA, independentemente, da presença ou não da cinta CoCr. Foram observados espaços ou desajustes na interface implante/intermediário em todos os grupos. / To evaluate the effect of the presence of a prefabricated cobalt-chromium (CoCr) margin in a universal castable long abutment (UCLA) in the sealing capability and fit of the implant-abutment mating zone. Materials andmethods. One-hundred and twenty external hexagon implants (SIN, SP, Brazil) were divided in two groups (n=60 each) to receive UCLA abutments from 6 manufacturers (n=10 each) either with or without a CoCr margin (n=60 each). Abutments were cast and 12 groups were formed and named as: M (Microplant), I (Impladen), S (SIN), Sv (Signo Vinces), T (TitaniumFix), and B (Bionnovation). Sealing was determined by placing 0.7 &#x3BC;L of 0.1% toluidine blue (TB) in the implant wells before abutment torquing. Implant-abutment samples were placed into 2.0 mL vials containing 0.7 mL of distilled water to maintain the implant-abutment interface submerged. Aliquots of 100 &#x3BC;l of water were retrieved at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 144 hours incubation times for absorbance measurement in a spectrophotometer, and returned for repeated measurements. Two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) and Tukey\'s test were used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for observation of the implant-abutment fit. Results. Groups M, Sv, and T without the CoCr margin resulted in complete release of TB at 1 h, whereas I, S, and B did at 3, 24 and 96 h, respectively. Complete leakage in abutments with the prefabricated marginoccurredat 6 h for S, 24 h for Sv, T and B, and 72 h for M and I. Implant/abutment gaps were observed in all groups. A poorer fit was depicted for groups M and T without the CoCr margin. Conclusions. Complete leakage was observed for all UCLA abutments regardless of the presence of the CoCrmargin. Implant-abutment gaps was observed for all groups.

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-06-25T18:49:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Fabíola Nascimento Ramos.pdf: 751579 bytes, checksum: ac3c7ece94f7647842bf2be1f57c97bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T18:49:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Fabíola Nascimento Ramos.pdf: 751579 bytes, checksum: ac3c7ece94f7647842bf2be1f57c97bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-06 / Loosening implant connections is related to the gaps of the implant-abutment (IA) connections. The objective of this study was to analyze the IA connection frictional as well as the union force of this connection when activation is increased cementation. An in vitro laboratory experiment was performed by one operator, two groups of IA mounts were evaluated means by obtaining images with a stereoscopic loupe. Nine implants were divided into two groups: Group I (GI), in which received conventionally activated attachment ball (Kopp®) prostheses and Group II (G II), in wich dual resin cement (Variolink II®) was added prior to the activation of the abutment. For the analysis of gaps and tensile strength test, Shapiro-Wilk test and F test were used, followed by t test (p <0.05).There was difference between the groups in relation to the gaps; even though the dimensional increase of the gaps, the resist the traction was superior. The cementation suggested to have influenced the increase of the union strengh between the implant-abutment connection, even with the increase of the gaps. / O mecanismo de retenção do intermediário protético ao implante influencia no sucesso clínico da restauração, do ponto de vista biomecânico e histofisiológico dos tecidos perrimplantares. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a linha de união entre o intermediário protético e o implante friccional, bem como a força de união desta conexão quando realizada a sua ativação com o bate-conexão-prótese (BCP) e quando a ativação é acrescida de cimentação. Realizou-se um experimento laboratorial, in vitro, onde dois grupos de conjuntos implante/intermediário(I/I), foram avaliados por meio de imagens obtidas com uma lupa estereoscópica. Um grupo de implantes (Grupo I) recebeu intermediários protéticos do tipo attachment bola (Kopp®), ativados convencionalmente. No outro grupo (Grupo II), adicionou-se uma porção de cimento resinoso dual (Variolink II®) previamente à ativação do intermediário.Para a análise estatística dos dados obtidos a partir da leitura dos gaps e do teste de resistência à tração, foram utilizados o teste Shapiro-Wilk e o teste F, seguido pelo teste t (p <0,05). Houve diferença entre os grupos em relação aos gaps; mesmo com o aumento dimensional dos gaps, a resistência à tração foi superior. A cimentação sugeriu ter influenciado o aumento da força de união entre a conexão implante-intermediário.

Foi analisada a variação da pré-carga de parafusos durante os cinco primeiros minutos depois de cada uma de cinco seqüências aperto e desaperto de parafusos de implantes dentários com diferentes sistemas de retenção pilar/implante. Extensômetros foram colados no terço cervical de implantes com interface de hexágono externo, hexágono interno e cone Morse. Um procedimento controlado de aperto e desaperto dos parafusos permitiu o arquivo dos valores de torque reverso, em relação ao aperto, e o campo de tensões gerado sobre o terço cervical dos implantes resultante da pré-carga do parafuso para cada uma das seqüências. Foram estudadas 30 amostras de implantes/pilares, dividas em oito grupos: implantes de hexágono externo com intermediário Munhão Universal e parafusos de titânio (Neodent, Curitiba, Brasil) apertados a 32 N.cm (EH.Ti.32); hexágono externo, Munhão Universal, parafuso de titânio recoberto por DLC, 32 N.cm (EH.dlc.32); hexágono interno, Munhão Universal, parafuso de titânio, 20 N.cm (IH.Ti.20); cone Morse, Munhão Universal peça única, 20 N.cm (MT.OP.20); cone Morse, Munhão Universal peça única, 32 N.cm (MT.OP.32); Cone Morse, Munhão Universal parafuso passante, 10 N.cm (MT.TS.10); no sétimo grupo foram usados as mesmas amostras do grupo MT.TS.10 a 10 N.cm, porém o desaperto foi realizado pelo intermediário (MT.TS.10.A); para o último grupo foram usados as mesmas amostras do grupo MT.TS.10 e MT.TS.10.A, porém o aperto dos parafusos foi de 15 N.cm e o desaperto também se deu pelo o intermediário (MT.TS.15.A). Os valores médios e desvio padrão (dp) de pré-carga encontrados para todas as seqüências de cada grupo foram de: EH.Ti.32 (27,75; dp 7,70); EH.dlc.32 (40,17; dp 10,16); IH.Ti.20 (219,61; dp 75,47); MT.OP.20 (129,19; dp 116,71); MT.OP.32 (137,97; dp 47,53); MT.TS.10 (39,55; dp 13,96); MT.TS.10.A (126,72; dp 44,05); MT.TS.15.A (194,41; 68,48). Entre os diferentes sistemas de retenção pilar/implante estudados, pode-se concluir que: existem relações únicas entre o valor de torque aplicado no parafuso e a pré-carga gerada sobre o terço cervical do implante, essas são diretamente influenciados pelo desenho da interface pilar/implante, tipo de parafuso de retenção e valor de torque aplicado; não foi observada perda de pré-carga dos parafusos de pilares, nem perda de resistência à torção no sentido anti-rotacional dos parafusos depois de esperados 5 minutos em 5 seqüências de aperto/desaperto. / The preload screw variation for the first five minutes after each one of five torque/untorque sequences from different implant/abutment retention systems was evaluated. Strain gauges were attached over the cervical third of external hex, internal hex and Morse taper implants. A controlled torque/untorque procedure allowed the record from the preload and untorque values of the samples in each one of the sequences. Thirty implant/abutment samples, divided in eight groups were studied: external hex implants with Universal post and titanium screws (Neodent, Curitiba, Brazil) screwed to 32 N.cm (EH.Ti.32); external hex, Universal post, DLC covered screw, 32 N.cm (EH.dlc.32); internal hex, Universal post, titanium screw, 20 N.cm (IH.Ti.20); Morse taper, single piece Universal post, 20 N.cm (MT.OP.20); Morse taper, single piece Universal post, 32 N.cm (MT.OP.32); Morse taper, Universal post trespassing screw, 10 N.cm (MT.TS.10); the same samples from the MT.TS.10 group were used for the seventh group, screwed to 10 N.cm, but the untorque was performed by the abutment (MT.TS.10.A); the same samples used with the MT.TS.10 and the MT.TS.10.A were used for the last group, but the screws were tightened to 15 N.cm and the untorque remained by the abutment (MT.TS.15.A). The mean and the stardad deviation (DP) found for the preloss in all the five sequences were of: EH.Ti.32 (27.75; SD 7.70); EH.dlc.32 (40.17; SD 10.16); IH.Ti.20 (219.61; SD 75.47); MT.OP.20 (129.19; SD 116.71); MT.OP.32 (137.97; SD 47.53); MT.TS.10 (39.55; SD 13.96); MT.TS.10.A (126.72; SD 44.05); MT.TS.15.A (194.41; SD 68.48). For the retention systems studied, it could be concluded that: there are single relations between screw untorque and preload over the implant cervical third, these are directely influenced by the implant/abutment interface design, screw type and torque value; there were not found post screw preload loss, neither torque resistance at the anti-rotational direction from the screws after the first five minutes in five torque/untorque sequences.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-05T13:56:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gabrielpinheirolacerda.pdf: 1840814 bytes, checksum: 711c6aedc66cee4634cf4c1d2a8d1317 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-07T15:38:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gabrielpinheirolacerda.pdf: 1840814 bytes, checksum: 711c6aedc66cee4634cf4c1d2a8d1317 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T15:38:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gabrielpinheirolacerda.pdf: 1840814 bytes, checksum: 711c6aedc66cee4634cf4c1d2a8d1317 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-27 / O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro, a resistência de união entre os constituintes dos pilares híbridos de zircônia, comparando diferentes tipos de cimentos resinosos. Para a realização do presente estudo foram confeccionadas trinta peças de zircônia com formato anatômico de primeiro molar inferior direito. Estas foram divididas em três grupos de acordo com os cimentos resinosos a serem utilizados para cimentá-las sobre bases metálicas de titânio: Grupo A- cimento auto adesivo de dupla ativação, Grupo B- cimento de dupla ativação convencional e Grupo C- cimento quimicamente ativado. Posteriormente ao processo de cimentação, os 30 corpos de prova foram armazenados em água destilada por 24 horas em temperatura ambiente e em seguida, foram submetidos à ciclagem térmica em equipamento específico sendo submetidos a banhos em 5o C e 55o C, com 30 segundos de permanência em cada banho, tempo de deslocamento de 2 segundos, totalizando 6.000 ciclos. Os testes de ciclagem mecânica foram realizados com os corpos de prova imersos em água destilada a 37o C, com carga de 100N, frequência de 2Hz e 200.000 ciclos. Após os testes termomecânicos, os espécimes foram submetidos a testes de tração na máquina de ensaio universal EMIC DL 2000. Os valores de resistência de união foram obtidos em Quilograma Força (Kgf) para cada espécime. Os dados obtidos pelo ensaio de tração foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA, com nível de significância de 5%. Anterior a realização deste teste, os dados foram verificados quanto a sua normalidade e homocedasticidade pelos testes de Shapiro-Wilk e Bartlett, respectivamente. Por meio de um estereomicroscópio verificou-se que o modo de falha de cimentação do tipo adesiva, entre cimento resinoso e superfície de zircônia, ocorreu em todos os corpos de provas. Conclui-se que os diferentes tipos de cimentos resinosos testados neste estudo se comportaram de maneira eficiente na cimentação das duas peças dos pilares híbridos de zircônia. / Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro by means of tensile test, the bond strength of the constituents of zirconia abutments of two pieces in unit restorations on implants with prosthetic connections cone morse type, comparing three different types of cements resinous. Materials and Methods: Thirty zirconia pieces with the mandibular first molar format were divided into three groups according to the cement to be used to cement them on metal titanium bases: Group A- Relyx U200, Group B- Panavia F 2.0 and Group C- Multilink. Subsequently the process of cementing, the 30 specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at room temperature and then were submited to thermal cycling in specific equipment undergoing baths in 5°C and 55°C, with 30 seconds remaining in each bath, 2 seconds travel time, totaling 6.000 cycles. The mechanical cycling tests were performed with the samples immersed in distilled water at 37°C, with 100N load, frequency of 2Hz and 200.000 cycles. After the thermomechanical tests, the specimens were subjected to tensile tests in a universal testing machine EMIC DL 2000. The bond strength values were supplied by the computer of the testing machine, and obtained in kilogram force (Kgf) individually for each specimen. The data obtained hair tensile test were submitted when ANOVA test, with significance level of 5 %. Previous conducting this test, the were data are checked for normality and homocedasticity those testicles - Wilk Shapiro and Bartlett, respectivamente. By means of hum stereomicroscope has been found that the adhesive cementation failure mode to type, resin cement and surface zirconia occurred in all the evidence of bodies. It is concluded that the three types of resin cements tested in this study behaved way efficient cementation of two parts of hybrid pillars of zirconia.

Accounting for seismic forces and thermal expansion in bridge design requires an accurate passive force-deflection relationship for the abutment wall. Current design codes make no allowance for skew effects on passive force; however, large scale field tests indicate that there is a substantial reduction in peak passive force as skew angle increases. A reduction in passive force also reduces the transverse shear resistance on the abutment. The purpose of this study is to validate three-dimensional model using PLAXIS 3D, against large scale test results performed at Brigham Young University and to develop a set of calibrated finite element models. The model set could be used to evaluate the variation in passive resistance with skew angle for various abutment geometries and backfill types. Initially, the finite element model was calibrated using the results from a suite of field tests where the backfill material consisted of dense compacted sand. Results were available for skew angles of 0, 15, 30 and 45°. Numerical model results were compared with measured passive force-deflection curves, ground surface heave and displacement contours, longitudinal displacements, and failure plane geometry. Soil properties were defined by laboratory testing and in-situ direct shear tests on the compacted fill. Soil properties and mesh geometries were primarily calibrated based on the zero skew test results. The results were particularly sensitive to the soil friction angle, wall friction angle, angle of dilatancy, soil stiffness and lateral restraint of the abutment backwall movement. Reasonable agreement between measured and computed response was obtained in all cases confirming numerically that passive force decreases as skew angle increases Additional analyses were then performed for abutments with different soil boundaries.