Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Paris XII, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [423]-431).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Heidelberg, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lunds universitet, 1992. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement and English abstract inserted. Summary in German. Includes bibliographical references (p. 443-480).

Examines the state of academic freedom in Africa and the extent to which it is protected. Focuses on how the African Commission can adopt an interpretation of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) to encapsulating protection of the human right to academic freedom / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2006. / A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Patrice Vahard of the Faculaty of Law, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Since 2021, some state legislators have passed laws that limit what public institutions can teach about discrimination. The number of these laws, also called gag orders, is increasing despite a national outcry against racism, homophobia and transphobia, and other forms of discrimination. Many nursing and other professional healthcare organizations have recognized and published statements decrying racism in healthcare and calling for an increased focus on health disparities and advancing health equity. Similarly, national research institutions and private grant funders are funding health disparities research. Nursing and other faculty in higher education, however, are being gagged by laws and executive orders which prevent them from teaching and conducting research about historic and contemporary health disparities. This commentary seeks to highlight the immediate and long-term impact of academic gag orders and to encourage action in opposition of such legislation. Supported by professional codes of ethics and discipline-specific education, we present concrete activities readers can use to address gag order legislation and in doing so, protect patient and community health outcomes.

This study aims to examine the level of awareness of the values for government employees among academic staff at the University of Halmstad. Universities and colleges in Sweden are part of the government sector, meaning that the values for government employees are mandatory. However due to academic freedom, academic organizations have a particular position and management system compared to other governmental agencies. To fulfil the study's aim, a quantitative approach is used, utilizing a survey to collect data from employees at the University of Halmstad. The theoretical framework used to analyze the data is based on Lennart Lundquist's implementation theory. The result indicates that the level of knowledge among employees at the University of Halmstad is adequate, with a substantial amount of knowledge and a positive attitude towards the values for government employees. Nonetheless, staff lack the capacity to implement the values in some areas.

Academic freedom is a much-discussed topic in the literature. However, little empirical research has been performed that describes the faculty perceptions of academic freedom at Christian colleges and universities, a unique segment of institutions within US higher education. Specifically, little recent research has shown how faculty members at Christian colleges and universities define academic freedom, how they describe experiences where they encountered issues of academic freedom, and how they navigate the interaction between academic freedom and institutional religious doctrines (as found in official statements of faith). The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze how faculty members at Christian colleges and university perceive academic freedom. For this qualitative study, I employed the Critical Incident Technique (Flanagan, 1954) to collect data from full-time faculty members of Christian institutions. I present the findings discovered through this study, discuss their ramifications, offer recommendations, and draw conclusions. / Ph. D. / Academic freedom is an important concept for scholars working in higher education. However, little research has been performed that describes how faculty perceive academic freedom at Christian colleges and universities, a unique segment of institutions within US higher education. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze how faculty members at Christian colleges and universities perceive academic freedom. For this qualitative study, I employed the Critical Incident Technique (Flanagan, 1954) to collect data from full-time faculty members of Christian institutions. I present the findings discovered through this study, discuss their ramifications, offer recommendations, and draw conclusions.

Throughout the history of universities, university autonomy and academic freedom have come ~o be regardeci as indispensable if the university has to fulfill its function of generating and disseminating knowledge and information for the benefit of society. Al though these are often conflated, they are distinguishable though interdependent. Autonomy relates to the self-governance of the university without external interference. Academic freedom entails the freedom of an individual academic to hold whatever views, orthodox or unorthodox, without censure or other penalty. critical inquiry. It also entails Although academic autonomy and freedom are critical to the academic function, they are not beyond dispute. There is always a continuous debate on what are the proper boundaries of legitimate academic autonomy and freedom. These boundaries are not fixed and keep on shifting. The shifting is often caused by government intervention into university education by way of subsidising it. As a quid pro quo for subsidizing university education, the government often feels entitled to stipulate conditions for the granting of such subsidies. Various governments follow different ways of doing this. There is a general trend in terms of which the government is defining the degree of academic autonomy. With autonomy it emphasizes accountability and with academic freedom it emphasizes responsibility. These are not mutually in conflict. iii Al though universities cherish their autonomy and academic freedom, these are always subject to threat. These cannot flourish in an authoritarian culture, but can only thrive in a democratic culture where other civil liberties are respected. The reason for this is that human freedom is indivisible and academic freedom cannot survive when other rights ar-e violated. The South African Constitution protects academic freedom. This is not generally done in most constitutions of the world. The reason why the South African Cons ti tut ion expressly protects academic freedom is because academic autonomy and freedom were severely violated in the past. Al though the protection of academic freedom in the Constitution does not provide indefeasible security, it makes the way of a transgressing government difficult. This is important because even a democratic government can violate academic freedom. / Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law / LL.D. (Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law)

Throughout the history of universities, university autonomy and academic freedom have come ~o be regardeci as indispensable if the university has to fulfill its function of generating and disseminating knowledge and information for the benefit of society. Al though these are often conflated, they are distinguishable though interdependent. Autonomy relates to the self-governance of the university without external interference. Academic freedom entails the freedom of an individual academic to hold whatever views, orthodox or unorthodox, without censure or other penalty. critical inquiry. It also entails Although academic autonomy and freedom are critical to the academic function, they are not beyond dispute. There is always a continuous debate on what are the proper boundaries of legitimate academic autonomy and freedom. These boundaries are not fixed and keep on shifting. The shifting is often caused by government intervention into university education by way of subsidising it. As a quid pro quo for subsidizing university education, the government often feels entitled to stipulate conditions for the granting of such subsidies. Various governments follow different ways of doing this. There is a general trend in terms of which the government is defining the degree of academic autonomy. With autonomy it emphasizes accountability and with academic freedom it emphasizes responsibility. These are not mutually in conflict. iii Al though universities cherish their autonomy and academic freedom, these are always subject to threat. These cannot flourish in an authoritarian culture, but can only thrive in a democratic culture where other civil liberties are respected. The reason for this is that human freedom is indivisible and academic freedom cannot survive when other rights ar-e violated. The South African Constitution protects academic freedom. This is not generally done in most constitutions of the world. The reason why the South African Cons ti tut ion expressly protects academic freedom is because academic autonomy and freedom were severely violated in the past. Al though the protection of academic freedom in the Constitution does not provide indefeasible security, it makes the way of a transgressing government difficult. This is important because even a democratic government can violate academic freedom. / Constitutional, International and Indigenous Law / LL.D. (Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law)

Cette thèse est destinée à examiner les débats sociaux et philosophiques en leur liaison avec l'actualisation de la « question de l’Université » dans la politique interne de la Russie dans les XIXe et XXe siècles. L'idée de l'Université a été transférée en Russie d'abord de l'Allemagne, puis de la France, tout comme la philosophie russe a été un produit intellectuel passionnant mais emprunté, né de la rationalité occidentale. Cependant l'appareil philosophique occidental n’avait en Russie qu’un caractère instrumental et il a été utilisé en priorité pour la solution de problèmes non philosophiques mais plutôt sociaux, religieux et culturels. L'analyse comparative des politiques universitaires russe et française sous le prisme des discours philosophiques propres à ces deux traditions intellectuelles, permet d'éclaircir l'originalité des modèles d'enseignement général et surtout des modèles universitaires dans leur liaison avec les finalités politiques de ces deux pays. / This thesis examines socio-philosophical discussions related to actualization of « University » as part of Russian public policy in XIX - XX centuries. The University as an idea was brought to Russia from the outside just as Russian philosophy was engendered by Western European rationality. Although a product of the western thought, Russian philosophy was mostly applied focusing on social, religious and cultural problems of the Russian society. Comparative analysis of Russian and French public policy seen through the prism of their respective philosophical discourse reveals unique characteristics of educational and university models and their connection to the policy goals.- Key words: university, nationalism, multiculturalism, academic freedom, autonomy, academic ethics, tolerance