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The high rate of accidents recorded in South African industry and the human and economic consequences involved reflect inadequacies in existing safety management policies and practices. The universally accepted right of employees to protection and the demands of social policy make the prevailing situation unacceptable. The complexities of the parameters of the employer's obligation for sound safety management requires practical guidelines for its understanding and application. The aim of this research is therefore to determine these parameters and to provide guidelines for their application. The parameters at issue are regulated by the principles of modern labour law, the developing common law, and statutory law such as MOSA. In order to pursue sound management practices and employment relations, the employer must not only take cognizance of his legal obligations but also various humanitarian, social and economic considerations. To correlate the complex nature of safety management with the demands of social policy, it is necessary to apply an appropriate standard of conduct to which every safety practice must adhere. This standard relates to the employer's general duty to take fair and reasonable precautions to eliminate or minimize occupational hazards. The employer's conduct is measured in terms of the objective standard of the reasonable employer in labour relations. The concept of reasonableness is therefore fundamental to the formulation of the parameters of the employer's obligation. The parameters are shown to centre round the reasonable foresight of the likelihood of harm and the implementation of reasonable precautionary measures to guard against the occurrence of such foreseeable harm. Furthermore, an unforeseeable incident that occurs in spite of preventive measures taken may reflect the need for subsequent preventive and corrective action. There is clearly scope for employers to adopt a more proactive approach in promoting sound safety management practices. Certain statutory, attitudinal and policy changes will be necessary for improved working conditions. These changes will include the formulation and implementation of an objectively-based safety policy that will facilitate the application of the parameters established. The proposed model flow-chart makes it possible to establish whether the parameters have been effectively implemented, and whether the employer or a third party is liable for a particular accident. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1993.

AFRIKAANS: 'n Basiese toets spesifikasie, vir die toets van bak-kappies van ligte kommersieële voertuie word voorgestel. Die toets spesifikasie is 'n eerste stap na die kwalifikasie van die sterkte van bakkie-kappies tydens ongelukke. Die toets is ontwerp spesifiek met die omrol scenario in gedagte. Verskillende toets metodes is geëvalueer vir toepaslikheid, gemak van implementasie en finansiele beperkings gedurende die navorsingsfase. Die massa-, en geometriese-eienskappe van drie verskillende I ton bakkies is eksperimenteel gevind om as basis vir energie berekeninge te dien. Die energie wat elkeen van hierdie voertuie besit net voor dit omrol is bereken en as voorlopige toets kriterium gebruik. 'n Pendulum impak toets-prosedure sowel as 'n Eindige Element Analise (EEA) prosedure is in die voorlopige toets kriterium ingesluit. Die voorlopige toets kriterium is gedurende 'n volskaal impak toets op 'n bakkie-kappie toegepas. 'n Detail eindige element analise van die kappie struktuur is ook volgens die kriterium gedoen. Daar is bewys dat beide hierdie metodes lewensvatbaar is vir implementasie en dat dit gebruik kan word vir die verifieëring van die sterkte van bakkie-kappies. Die resultate gevind gedurende hierdie toetse is gebruik om die voorlopige toets kriterium aan te pas om 'n basiese toets-spesifikasie te verkry waarmee bakkie-kappies deur toets owerhede geevalueer kan word. ENGLISH: In this thesis a basic test specification for a canopy that covers the load¬bed-area of a light commercial vehicle (LCY) is proposed. The test specification is a first step towards the qualification of the strength of a canopy during an accident. The test is designed specifically with the rollover scenario in mind. Different testing methods were evaluated for applicability, ease of use and financial constraints during the research phase. The mass and geometric characteristics of three different 1 ton LCY's were found experimentally in order to set a basis for the energy calculations. The energy each of these vehicles possesses just prior to roll over was calculated and used to create preliminary testing criteria. A pendulum impact testing procedure as well as a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) procedure were incorporated into the preliminary testing criteria. The preliminary testing criteria were applied during a full scale pendulum impact test on a canopy and were also applied during a detailed finite element analysis of the canopy structure. It was shown that both of these test methods are viable and that they can be used as a canopy strength qualifying means. Finally the results found during the tests were used to adjust the preliminary testing criteria to form a basic test specification that can be used by testing and qualification facilities. / Dissertation (M Eng (Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted

The problem in this study was to determine the location, frequency, and type of accidents occurring in one large high school during a six-year period, and to evaluate circumstances which may have contributed to the accident incidence.

Two training procedures (active rehearsal, passive observation) were assessed for relative effectiveness in the acquisition of sequential fire emergency skills, reducing fire-related fears and physiological arousal, and increasing self-efficacy and rationale for fire safety skills. Active subjects imitated videotaped models performing emergency behavior while receiving behavior-contingent feedback. Passive viewers received no practice or feedback. Experimental groups were compared to untrained controls. Active rehearsal was expected to lead to superior skill acquisition, fear-reduction, self-efficacy appraisals, rationale acquisition, and reduction of physiological reactivity (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate). Subjects were 52 third-grade children. Dependent measures were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and five-month follow-up. Significant performance gains were found for both experimental groups, but not for controls. Active training produced significantly greater skill acquisition. Skill gains were not maintained at follow-up. All groups showed significant reductions in fear at post-test, but no differences were found between groups. Active training also produced significantly greater self-efficacy appraisals for one emergency situation. Both experimental groups demonstrated significant gains in rationale acquisition relative to controls. Physiological results were confounded by pre-test differences. Correlations between various measures were examined. A significant relationship was found between self-efficacy appraisals and behavioral performance for one emergency situation. The correlation between self-report of fear and self-efficacy was highly significant across time. The implications of active training strategies in fire safety programs are discussed. / Master of Science / incomplete_metadata

O uso de filtros contra particulados é extremamente comum em ambiente de mineração. As normas nacionais e internacionais, utilizadas para a aprovação destes filtros, definem critérios de testes e aprovação que visam garantir que os filtros continuem eficientes ao longo do tempo. Os fatores como: tipo, tamanho, velocidade, carga da partícula e temperatura, são considerados nos testes de aprovação. O objetivo desta dissertação é verificar o comportamento de filtros para particulados tipo eletreto usados em respiradores, expostos a condições térmicas semelhantes às encontradas em ambiente de mineração, simulando, em laboratório, a temperatura e tempo de exposição a que os mesmos podem estar sujeitos, medindo e comparando os resultados obtidos no sentido de atenderem as recomendações normativas, tanto nacionais como internacionais. Filtros e peças faciais de diferentes fabricantes foram expostos a diferentes temperaturas, sendo mantidos nestas temperaturas por no mínimo 24 horas. Testes de penetração utilizando partículas de NaCl com ajuste da vazão em 85 l/min foram realizados antes e depois de cada período de exposição. O equipamento utilizado foi um gerador de partículas tipo impactador, que gera partículas da ordem de 0,3 a 0,6m, considerados os Tamanhos Mais Penetrantes de Partículas (MPPS). Como esperado, ocorreu um aumento da penetração de partículas de NaCl à medida que o tempo de permanência na temperatura e/ou a própria temperatura aumentaram. O fator temperatura foi predominante, em relação ao tempo de exposição, no decaimento da performance dos filtros. Este efeito variou de fabricante para fabricante, sendo, em alguns casos, inexpressivos. A variação encontrada nos testes de penetração após acondicionamento térmico foi entre 2,53% e 18%. Não se observou um aumento ou diminuição significativa da resistência ao fluxo de ar. Testes repetitivos em amostras sem acondicionamento térmico demonstraram uma diminuição da penetração do aerossol e um aumento da resistência ao fluxo de ar. Acredita-se que o aumento da resistência ao fluxo ocorra devido ao efeito de entupimento por deposição das partículas de NaCl ao longo do tempo em função da repetição dos testes no mesmo filtro. / The use of particle filters is extremely usual in mining environment. The national and international standards used for the approval of these filters define tests and approval criteria which look forward guaranteeing the efficiency of the filters along the time. Facts such as: type, size, speed, particle charge and temperature are considered on approval tests. The objective of this dissertation is to check the behavior of the eletrect filters for particulated used in respirators, when exposed to similar thermal conditions found in mining environment, by simulation, in lab, of the temperature and time of exposition beyond the respirators could be exposed, measuring and comparing the obtained results in order to attend the standards recommendations such National as International ones. Facial filters and pieces of different manufactures were exposed to different temperatures and maintained under these conditions for at least 24-hours. Penetration tests using NaCl particles and adjusted to a flow of 85 l/min were done before and after each period of exposition. The equipment used was a particle generator, impactor type which generates particles of the order of 0.3 to 0.6m, considered the Most Penetrant Particles Size (MPPS). As expected, an increase of NaCl particle penetration occurred as long as time and temperature increased too. The temperature factor was predominating in relation to time of exposition in the decrease of performance of the filters. This effect varied from one manufacture to another and in some cases it was expressionless. The variation found after conditioning at high temperature was from 2.53% to 18%. It wasnt observed a significant increase or decrease in the air flow resistance. Repetitive tests in samples without thermal packing showed a decrease of aerosol penetration and an increase of air flow resistance. Apparently, the increase of flow resistance happens because of the glog for NaCl particles deposition throughout the time, due to the test repetition over the same filter.

在中国，绝大多数煤矿事故主要是由煤矿瓦斯和煤矿突水造成。统计数据显示，目前煤矿水灾引起的直接经济损失已经排在了所有煤矿灾害之前，煤矿水灾已经日益成为最危险的一种煤矿灾害。现阶段在煤矿完全方面主要目标就是尽量减少发生煤矿瓦斯爆炸和水灾的隐患。因此，对于预防和处理煤矿水灾来说，设计一种快速且准确的煤矿水灾的风险评价方法是非常急需的。传统的风险评价方法需要进行大量的广泛的地质调查来寻找地表裂隙等引起煤矿水灾的分险源。这些裂隙主要是因为地面形变造成，这种地面形变在煤矿区一般是由于地下采矿活动或者煤火造成塌陷引起的，或者两者共同作用引起的。一般情况下，煤矿区地处偏远，高海拔，不宜居住的地方，尤其是有煤火的地方，更加不易进行全面地调查。因此，我们认为使用卫星遥感数据对煤矿区大范围周期性的监测，并及时提取与煤矿水灾相关的信息进行风险分析的方法相对与传统方式来说更为便捷，更为及时。经过对乌达煤矿区的野外调查，我们确定了一些会引起乌达煤矿水灾的致灾因素，例如煤火，剥挖坑，渣堆等特有的因素。 / 本论文提出一个利用遥感，地理信息技术以及水文模型相结合的煤矿区水灾分险评估模型。在这个模型中，首先根据地质和水文数据确定了14个引起该地区水灾灾害的主要影响因素。通过野外调查，专家组一致认为降雨，特别是大暴雨，剥挖坑和地表裂隙是乌达煤矿区最重要的几个因素。分析野外调查成果，可以发现煤火和沉降与试验区地表裂隙有着正相关性。因此在这个模型中，引入煤火和沉降信息来代替实际地表裂隙情况。煤火和沉降信息可以通过多种遥感数据获得。在获得所有致灾因素的信息后，结合专家组的意见，通过层次分析法（AHP）来建立致灾因素的层次并通过成对比较矩阵计算各个致灾因素的权重。最后，通过模型计算得到最终的煤矿区风险评估图。本文得到的结果与神华（北京）遥感勘查有限责任公司实地调查后形成的风险评估图进行对比，结果显示风险分布基本相同。本文也探讨了可能造成两者差异的原因。最后，针对某一高风险区进行实地的钻孔和地震探测验证，结果显示该地区的致灾因素特征明显，具备高风险特性。 / 验证结果表明，本文提出的方法是具有可操作性的且准确高效，具有一定的煤矿水灾预测作用。我们希望该方法通过进一步的改进，能够应用到实际的煤矿水灾风险评价预测中去。 / In China, coal mine accidents were mainly caused by gas and water inrush. Recently, the direct economic loss caused by coal mine flood has been ranked the first among all kinds of coal mine disasters. Reducing water inrush accidents become the main direction and aiming of coal mine security control. From the statistics of coal mine disasters, we learned that the coal mine flood disasters have become the most dangerous mine disaster. There is, therefore, an urgent need to design and provide a coal mine flood risk assessment timely and accurately for mine companies to prevent and deal with the coal mine flood. Traditional approaches investigate the geological condition and find out the exactly numbers and width of fissures caused by coal mining or coal fires burnt. However, the shortcomings of these methods are time consuming, difficult to repeat, and costly to apply over large areas, especially, for many coal mine area located in isolated region, high up in the mountains, in dense forests, and other inhospitable terrains. Hence the use of GIS technology and remote sensing data, particularly satellite remote sensing with a capability of repeated observation of the earth surface, was considered as a very effective approach to detect, analyze and monitor information of mine flood in coal mine area over a large areas. / In this research a risk assessment model was proposed to assess the mine flood risk in Wuda coal mine area using RS, GIS techniques and basic hydrological model. First of all, we analyzed the major factors causing coal mine flood in Wuda coal field, based on the geological and hydrological data. According to the investigated material and the experiences from geologists and coal mining experts, four main criteria including water sources, surface condition, water conductors and water containers as well as fourteen factors were selected to participate the assessment, among which, rainfall, stripping digging pits and fissures were considered as the three main factors to cause mine flood in Wuda coal mine area. The rainfall and sinks information were easily to derive. However, the fissures information was difficult to obtain. Based on the analysis of investigation, the positive correlation between fissures and coal fires or subsidence was obtained. Therefore, the coal fire factor and ground subsidence factor were imported to indicate the fissures information. Then, a method for deriving these impact factors was proposed for coal mine flood risk assessment model. After obtaining the all factors related information, the weights of these factors were calculated by pair-wise comparison method, which depend on the specialists’ opinions. A risk assessment analysis approach based on AHP was created for combining these factors and calculating the results. / Finally, based on the result from risk assessment model, a risk assessment indication map was generated using GIS software. By comparing our assessment result with the Wuda coal flood risk map from Shenhua Group, we noticed that the distribution and levels of coal mine flood risk are similar. Some other auxiliary techniques, for instance, the geological drilling and geological radar detection, were used to validate the result of our study. These techniques also proved the final result is reasonable and acceptable. After the investigation and evaluation, some conclusions and suggestions, were proposed for coal mine companies to avoid or reduce the risk from coal mine flood. / The results indicate that the methodology is effective and practical; thus, it has the potential to forecast the ood risk for coal mine ood risk management. Therefore, it can be used as a final risk assessment model for mine flooding in coal fire area. In the future, we will conduct such risk analysis to mitigate the impact from coal mine flood disasters. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Wang, Shengxiao. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-174). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.x / Acknowledgements --- p.xiii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Coal mine disasters in China --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Coal mine flood in China --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Background of Wuda coal mine area --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research objectives --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Structure of the thesis --- p.11 / Chapter 2. --- Background --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1 --- Coal mine flood --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Classification of coal mine flood --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Current rescuing situation of coal mine flood --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Longwall coal mining --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3 --- Coal mining Subsidence --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Subsidence Mechanisms --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Subsidence and Fissures --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Previous investigations --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Coal fire and fissures --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Definition and Classification --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Combustionmechanism --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Production of coal fire - Minerals and Burnt rock --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Ground temperature related to the coal fire --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Fissures caused by Coal fire --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Detecting Coal Fires Using Remote Sensing --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5 --- Assessment methods review --- p.37 / Chapter 3. --- Description of the study areas & data sets --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1 --- Study area --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- Geography --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Geographical position --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Climate --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3 --- Geology --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Geology structure --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- The stratigraphy of coal --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4 --- Hydrology --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Hydrogeological characteristics --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Surface hydrological characteristics --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5 --- Three major coal mine overviews of the assessment area --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Suhaitu coal mine --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Huangbaici coal --- p.51 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Wuhushan coal --- p.53 / Chapter 3.6 --- Data available --- p.55 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Data available for this research --- p.55 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Collection materials and data for reference --- p.55 / Chapter 4. --- Investigation and Analysis of Risk Factors --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1 --- Currentstatus of Wuda Coalfield --- p.57 / Chapter 4.2 --- Water source --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Rain fall --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3 --- Surface Condition --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Flood ditches and surfacerunoff --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Stripping digging pits --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Slag heap --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Water yield of three main coal mine --- p.71 / Chapter 4.4 --- Water conductors investigation --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Faults --- p.73 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Fissures investigation --- p.75 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Investigation and analysis of fissures --- p.81 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Abandoned tunnel and (illegal) private coal mine --- p.83 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Subsurface Detection- Geological radar --- p.84 / Chapter 5. --- Methodology and Information acquisition --- p.87 / Chapter 5.1 --- Evaluation Index System --- p.87 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Methodologies in Establishing the Evaluation Index System --- p.87 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Principles for Establishing Evaluation Index System --- p.88 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Method in Establishing Evaluation Index System --- p.89 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Flow chart --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2 --- Storm Rainfall Design --- p.91 / Chapter 5.3 --- Drainage network and fill sinks extraction --- p.94 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Surfacerunoff model --- p.94 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Fill Sinks (peaks) --- p.96 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Flow Direction --- p.97 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Flow accumulation --- p.98 / Chapter 5.4 --- Traditional methods of derived Fissures area and depth --- p.101 / Chapter 5.5 --- The method of obtaining coal fire information --- p.103 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Remote sensing data --- p.105 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Land use classification --- p.105 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Temperatureretrieval based on TM/ETM+ --- p.107 / Chapter 5.5.4 --- Results of coal fire retrieval --- p.110 / Chapter 5.6 --- The method of obtaining coal mine subsidence area --- p.113 / Chapter 5.7 --- Illegal private coal mine detecting --- p.115 / Chapter 5.8 --- The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) --- p.118 / Chapter 5.8.1 --- Introduction of AHP --- p.118 / Chapter 5.8.2 --- The procedure of AHP --- p.120 / Chapter 6. --- Evaluation and validation --- p.122 / Chapter 6.1 --- Workflow --- p.122 / Chapter 6.2 --- Develop a decision hierarchy structure --- p.122 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Choosing evaluation indicator --- p.123 / Chapter 6.3 --- Weights distribution --- p.124 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Establishment of comparison matrix --- p.125 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Weight Calculation and Consistency Check --- p.127 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Global weight calculation and global consistency check --- p.131 / Chapter 6.4 --- Data Preparation and Classification --- p.133 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Rainfall classification --- p.134 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Classification of surface condition --- p.135 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Classification of conductor --- p.138 / Chapter 6.5 --- Result of Factor weight overlay --- p.140 / Chapter 6.4.1. --- Results --- p.140 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Compare with Risk Map from Shenhua Group --- p.143 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Fieldwork Validation --- p.145 / Chapter 7. --- Conclusions and suggestions --- p.150 / Chapter 7.1 --- Results and conclusions --- p.150 / Chapter 7.2 --- Eliminate potentialdangerous source --- p.152 / Chapter 7.3 --- Flood prevention measures recommended --- p.153 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Mainly measures for flood prevention --- p.154 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- General prevention and control of surface water --- p.155 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- Establish mechanisms and systems to prevent coal mine flood --- p.156 / Chapter 7.3.4 --- Strengthen the basic work to prevent coal mine accidents --- p.158 / Chapter 7.3.5 --- Investigation and remediation work to prevent coal mine accidents --- p.159 / Chapter 7.4 --- Future work --- p.160 / References --- p.162

Falls and fall-induced fractures are very common among the elderly. Hip fractures account for most of the deaths and costs of all the fall-induced fractures. This dissertation presents a novel MEMS based human airbag system used as a hip protector. A Micro Inertial Measurement Unit (muIMU) which is based on MEMS accelerometers and gyro sensors is developed as the motion sensing part of the system. The result using this muIMU based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) training to recognize falling-motions are presented, where we showed that selected eigenvector sets generated from 200 experimental data can be separated into falling and other motions completely. For real-time recognition, the SVM filter should be embedded to a high speed DSP system for fast computation and complex filter analyses. After the simulations for SVM filter and FFT were performed on a computer simulator (TI DSP320 C6713), we used DSK6713 (DSP Starter Kit) as our target board and integrated FFT and SVM filter on the chip. The whole algorithm works well with exist sensor data. Demo shows that our DSP system can successfully classify fall and non-fall states. At the same time, the system can trigger our airbag inflation mechanism when a fall occurs. The system was shown to open the airbag in real-time and protected the experimenter's hip area. / by Shi, Guangyi. / "March 2008." / Adviser: Wen Jung Li. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: B, page: 1855. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-111). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Commercial fishers are employed in one of the most dangerous jobs in Canada. Additionally, they tend both not to report work injuries and to deny and trivialize risks their job entails. This study focuses on fishers' subjective interpretation of their work environment. Its purposes were to examine fishers' attributed causes of accidents and to derive implications for prevention education. The researcher employed a qualitative methodology and interviewed 12 professional fishers who worked on the British Columbia coast. The interviews focused on fishers' descriptions of accidents and their attributed causes. Attribution theory was operationalized to provide a conceptual framework through which to analyze the 12 transcripts. The researcher transcribed the interviews, then highlighted and analyzed excerpts depicting the fishers' attributed causes of accidents. Three strategies were employed to examine the trustworthiness of the researcher's judgements regarding the transcripts and final interpretation of the data. The strategies were: use of a research partner (consistency), conducting a participant review (credibility), and comparison with another study (triangulation). The participants of this study attributed multiple causes to a given accident and their explanations were complex. The study found 22 categories of causes of accidents. The attributed causes from 9 of the 12 participants were distributed in all quadrants of attributions on the orienting framework (external/stable, external/unstable, internal/stable and internal/unstable). Five or more participants attributed the following as causes in their accidents: Economic Pressures, Luck or Fate, Weather Conditions Expected, Fatigue, and Stress. This study's results suggest that the techno-rational approach of existing traditional training programs, that concentrate on causes located mainly in the external/stable quadrant, does not concur with fishers' attributed causes of accidents. The study indicates that prevention education program content should be broadened to address the full spectrum of fishers' attributed causes of accidents. Through the utilization of fishers' attributed causes of accidents, prevention education programs could assist fishers to focus on their perceptions of occupational hazards and risks, and address questions of past risk taking and future risk assessment. From these insights fishers can review what can be done to control or eliminate a particular risk.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:02:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pondacogonsales_t_dr_mar.pdf: 1865980 bytes, checksum: 01e3ac82982d9b86d4b6a981a2435355 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A prevenção de acidentes infantis é tema preconizado para o ensino fundamental, porém, estudos que preparem sistematicamente os profissionais da educação para atuar com esta temática na escola não são frequentemente encontrados. Esta pesquisa investiga o envolvimento de professores com o tema acidente infantil, elabora, aplica e avalia atividade de formação para professores para a inserção curricular do tema acidente infantil. Participam duas professoras (P1 e P2) do quarto ano da rede municipal de Ensino Fundamental da cidade de Marília (SP), de duas escolas diferentes. Utilizam-se impressos pré-elaborados e equipamentos. Investiga-se o envolvimento das professoras por meio de entrevista, análise de seus semanários e observação de suas aulas. A atividade de formação é elaborada a partir do estudo do envolvimento das professoras e da literatura com o objetivo de que as professoras elaborem ações, descrevendo-as no semanário ou em outro material adequado, relacionadas diretamente à prevenção dos acidentes infantis, com enfoque teórico, para serem realizadas com seus alunos em sala de aula. A aplicação é realizada na própria escola e em horário de trabalho. A avaliação da atividade de formação é realizada por meio da observação da aula da professora que aborda a prevenção dos acidentes, nova entrevista e análise do semanário. Como resultados, verifica-se que as docentes têm informação sobre o tema, envolvendo primeiros socorros, e é considerada insuficiente. A abordagem do tema nas suas aulas não é frequente e acontece de forma indireta. É elaborada atividade de formação incluindo uma Folha de Instruções e um Caderno de Estudos, divido em sete fichas, com pequenos textos e notícias. Ao final... / The prevention of child injury is a subject recommended for elementary school, however, studies that systematically prepare education professionals to work with this subject in school are not frequently found. This study investigates the involvement of teachers with the subject of child injury, develops, implements and evaluates activities to educate teachers to a curricular implementation of child injury subject. Two fourth grade teachers of two different municipal elementary schools of the city of Marilia (SP) (P1 and P2) participated in the survey. It was used pre-designed forms and equipments. The involvement of teachers was investigated through interviews, analysis of their dairies and observation of their classes. The training activity was drawn based on the study of the involvement of teachers and in the literature. It has the objective of having the teachers preparing actions directly related to the prevention of child injuries, with a theoretic approach, to be conducted with students in the classroom, describing them in the dairy or other suitable material. The application is performed in the school and within the work schedule. The evaluation of the training activities is performed by observing the teacher's classes that address the prevention of accidents, new interviews and analysis of their dairies. As a result, it was found that teachers have information on the subject involving first aid, and it is considered insufficient. This theme is not frequent and it has an indirect approach. Educational activities were developed including an Instruction Sheet and a Study Book, divided into seven sheets with short texts and news. At the end of each sheet there is a Study Guide and an Opinion Survey. During the implementation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)