Six adult males of similar body composition and aerobic capacity were tested to study the effects of changes in plasma volume (PV), osmolality (OSM) and sodium (Na+) on core temperature (Tc) under three exercise-thermoregulatory stress conditions. The protocol consisted of 120 min of upright stationary cycling at 50% V02max under neutral (24° C, 50% RH) - euhydrated (NE), hot (35°C, 50% RH) - euhydrated (HE), and hot-hypohydrated (HH) environmental conditions. Venous blood samples were obtained at -30 min, 0 min and at 15 min intervals through a 30 min recovery and were analyzed for blood hematocrit and hemoglobin, and for plasma osmolality and sodium. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were used to calculate relative changes in plasma volume. Tc showed qualitatively similar linear increases in the first 45 min of each trial. At 60 min, Tc in the NE trial plateaued at 37.9°C. In the HE trial, Tc continued to show a slight further increase after 45 min while in NE it became significantly (p<0.05) lower at 45 min as compared to HE and HH; at 60 min of exercise, the core temperature of all three trials differed significantly (p<0.05), with HH being the highest (38.3°C). Percent change in plasma volume was not different between trials, but did show the greatest decrease in all trials from O to 15 min of the exercise phase with at least -4.3%. Osmolality was significantly different (p<0.05) between the NE (X = 283.3 m0smol/kg) and the HH (X = 292.5 m0smo1/kg). Plasma sodium was significantly (p<0.05) higher for all intervals of HH (X = 137.9 meq/L) as compared to the NE (X = 135.1 meq/L) and HE (X = 134.8 meq/L). These data suggest that core temperature (Tc) increase in moderate intensity endurance exercise is less related to a decreased circulating plasma volume, but is more strongly associated with rising osmolality, specifically the increase in the Na+ electrolyte, which occur with progressive hypohydration. / Master of Science

The major objectives of this study were to identify critical safety hazards, safety precautions practiced by older adults, and the factors that would assist older adults in preventing accidents in their residential environment and to examine the relationship between these safety practices and selected demographic characteristics of older adults. A personal interview schedule was developed and administered to a random sample of 50 members of the Virginia Cooperative Extension Homemaker's Council, over age 70, in Giles, Montgomery, and Pulaski Counties and the city of Radford. Means, frequencies, and correlations were used to examine the data. The findings revealed that older adults evaluate their home as moderately or extremely safe and they perceive that it is not likely to somewhat likely that hazards exist in their home that could cause an accident. Older adults currently practice an average of 15 out of a possible 20 safety precautions in their home. They are most likely to seek assistance in preventing accidents in their home from family members in the form of routine cleaning. If given the money and assistance to make improvements in the safety of their home, older adults would be interested in installing a secure grab bar in the bathtub or shower, painting or taping the edge of steps in order to see them better, attaching handrails on the stairway, and installing a telephone close to the bed. No significant relationship was found between the older adult's safety hazard perception score, safety precaution score, or factors that would assist older adults in preventing accidents in their residential environment and their health status, accident history, income, or mastery level. / Master of Science

M.S.

Introdução - Para minimizar mortes e lesões entre crianças passageiras de automóveis existem os Assentos de Segurança Infantil (ASI), que são pouco utilizados ou utilizados erroneamente. Recente lei brasileira normatiza o uso de ASI e ressalta a necessidade de informações estatísticas, donde surgiu a intenção de estudar erros utilização de ASI com base em recente dissertação de mestrado que apontou uso de ASI por 36,1 por cento das crianças matriculadas em creches em Maringá. Não há dados brasileiros publicados quanto a erros de utilização de ASI. Objetivo - Analisar erros de utilização de ASI por crianças matriculadas usuários de creches em Maringá e fatores relacionados. Métodos - Estudo observacional transversal de coleta de dados prospectiva e eixo analítico retrospectivo. Resultados 42,7 por cento das crianças apresentavam erros de utilização. O modelo de regressão logística evidenciou maiores chances de erros na presença de duas ou mais crianças no veículo (OR = 5,10 com p = 0,007) e com menores níveis de escolaridade e renda dos pais (média renda e escolaridade OR = 7,00 com p = 0,003 e baixa renda e escolaridade OR = 3,40 com p = 0,03). Discussão Os dados são coerentes com publicações internacionais. Há expectativa dos efeitos da recente lei brasileira sobre uso de ASI, porém sabe-se que além da lei, há necessidade de estratégias educativas e facilitadoras de acesso aos ASI / Introduction - Minimize deaths and injuries among children who are passengers of vehicles with Child Safety Seat (CSS) which are not usually or wrongly used. A current Brazilian law regulates the use of CSS and enhances the need for information statistics, from which came the intention of studying errors in the use of CSS, based on a recent Master degree dissertation that pointed out that it is used in 36.1 per cent of the cases of children enrolled in day care centers in Maringá, Brazil. There is no data in Brazil published about the misuse of CSS. Objective - Analyze errors of CSS use by children who attend day care centers in Maringá and related factors. Methods - Observational and cross-sectional study of prospective data collection and retrospective and analytical axis. Results - 42.7 per cent of children demonstrated errors of use. The logistics regression model determined greater possibilities of errors in case of presence of two or more children in the vehicle (OR = 5.10, p = 0.007) and lower levels of parents´ education and income (average income and education OR = 7.00, p = 0.003 and low income and education OR = 3.40, p = 0.03). Discussion - The data is consistent to the international publications. There is an expectation about the effects of the current Brazilian law on the use of CSS, but it is known that besides the law, educational and facilitating strategies to the access to the CSS are necessary

Introdução - Para minimizar mortes e lesões entre crianças passageiras de automóveis existem os Assentos de Segurança Infantil (ASI), que são pouco utilizados ou utilizados erroneamente. Recente lei brasileira normatiza o uso de ASI e ressalta a necessidade de informações estatísticas, donde surgiu a intenção de estudar erros utilização de ASI com base em recente dissertação de mestrado que apontou uso de ASI por 36,1 por cento das crianças matriculadas em creches em Maringá. Não há dados brasileiros publicados quanto a erros de utilização de ASI. Objetivo - Analisar erros de utilização de ASI por crianças matriculadas usuários de creches em Maringá e fatores relacionados. Métodos - Estudo observacional transversal de coleta de dados prospectiva e eixo analítico retrospectivo. Resultados 42,7 por cento das crianças apresentavam erros de utilização. O modelo de regressão logística evidenciou maiores chances de erros na presença de duas ou mais crianças no veículo (OR = 5,10 com p = 0,007) e com menores níveis de escolaridade e renda dos pais (média renda e escolaridade OR = 7,00 com p = 0,003 e baixa renda e escolaridade OR = 3,40 com p = 0,03). Discussão Os dados são coerentes com publicações internacionais. Há expectativa dos efeitos da recente lei brasileira sobre uso de ASI, porém sabe-se que além da lei, há necessidade de estratégias educativas e facilitadoras de acesso aos ASI / Introduction - Minimize deaths and injuries among children who are passengers of vehicles with Child Safety Seat (CSS) which are not usually or wrongly used. A current Brazilian law regulates the use of CSS and enhances the need for information statistics, from which came the intention of studying errors in the use of CSS, based on a recent Master degree dissertation that pointed out that it is used in 36.1 per cent of the cases of children enrolled in day care centers in Maringá, Brazil. There is no data in Brazil published about the misuse of CSS. Objective - Analyze errors of CSS use by children who attend day care centers in Maringá and related factors. Methods - Observational and cross-sectional study of prospective data collection and retrospective and analytical axis. Results - 42.7 per cent of children demonstrated errors of use. The logistics regression model determined greater possibilities of errors in case of presence of two or more children in the vehicle (OR = 5.10, p = 0.007) and lower levels of parents´ education and income (average income and education OR = 7.00, p = 0.003 and low income and education OR = 3.40, p = 0.03). Discussion - The data is consistent to the international publications. There is an expectation about the effects of the current Brazilian law on the use of CSS, but it is known that besides the law, educational and facilitating strategies to the access to the CSS are necessary

Orientador: Waldir Antonio Bizzo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T10:13:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rigoletto_IvandePaula_D.pdf: 7217856 bytes, checksum: 1744acabd370078e28aa405b6be14fbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O conceito de preservação e sustentabilidade ambiental tem evoluído e vem sendo disseminado em diversos setores da sociedade, incluindo o mundo corporativo das empresas e negócios. Um dos resultados é a utilização de programas voluntários de boas práticas de gestão, aplicados por entidades setoriais da economia. No setor de tintas, o programa Coatings Care tem sido aplicado no Brasil. A análise das estratégias e alternativas de implementação deste programa no Brasil, bem como a proposição e execução de uma sequência metodológica inédita para este tipo de aplicação, englobando as etapas planejamento e implementação e que pode ser aplicada a qualquer programa voluntário de gestão é aqui apresentada. Foram utilizadas na etapa de planejamento as metodologias das Cinco Forças de Porter, SWOT e Cadeia de Valor de Porter, todas adaptadas e modificadas em função de serem aplicadas, nesta tese, em um problema para o qual não foram desenvolvidas originalmente. Para a implementação, foram adotadas as metodologias PMBOK e PSII, cujo conjunto se mostrou uma alternativa viável para situações similares à analisada. Os resultados obtidos em relação à participação das empresas no programa indicam a evolução das práticas de gestão ambiental e ocupacional no setor de tintas, bem como o crescente nível de maturidade apresentado pelo programa desde 2004. A análise dos resultados brasileiros, comparados aos obtidos em outros países, permite identificar as ações a serem tomadas para a melhoria e evolução do programa. / Abstract: The concept of environmental protection and sustainability is present in several segments of the society, including the corporate environment. One of the results is the adoption of voluntary programs related to good management practices, sponsored by several entities representing business sectors. On coatings sector, Coatings Care program was adopted in Brazil. The analysis of strategies and alternatives for implementation in Brasil, as well as the proposition and deployment of a unique methodological sequence for planning and program implementation that can be applied to the implementation of any other voluntary program is presented on this study. The methodologies of Porter's Five Forces, SWOT and Porter's Chain of Value, all adapted and modified according to this purpose, were used. For implementation, PMBOK and PSII methodologies were applied. This set of tools resulted in a viable alternative for the case evaluated, as well as for similar situations. The results related to the level of implementation indicate evolution on the environmental, health and safety practices on coatings sector, as well as the increase, since 2004, of the program maturity. The analysis of Brazilian results, compared to the results obtained in other countries, drives the identification of actions for program improvement and evolution. / Doutorado / Termica e Fluidos / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: Aparecida Mari Iguti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:00:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gregorio_LygiaMariaMarianoQuaglio_M.pdf: 13001184 bytes, checksum: 746f7b0d2982dd6e1fc17bb934c98f9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo dos acidentes no processo de produção e transporte de produtos químicos, ocorridos no Estado de São Paulo, no período de 1990 a 2000. A amplitude dos acidentes químicos é demonstrada através da descrição de alguns acidentes de grande repercussão, situando o estudo no contexto nacional e internacional quanto aos seus impactos sobre a saúde humana, a análise de riscos, a prevenção e as ações mitigadoras. Ademais, são considerados na análise dos acidentes a fonte geradora, o local da ocorrência e o produto envolvido. Foram utilizados dados fornecidos pela Divisão de Operações de Emergência da Companhia Estadual de Tecnologia e Engenharia em Saneamento Básico-Cetesb. Foram analisados 1.685 registros de ocorrências, envolvendo produtos químicos no processo de produção e transporte. A análise dos dados constata que no processo de produção ocorreram 12,6% dos casos e que 87,4% ocorreram nas atividades de transporte, sendo que 69,7%, no transporte rodoviário. Os produtos mais freqüentemente envolvidos foram os líquidos inflamáveis (classe 3) com 40%, os corrosivos (classe 8) com 20% e os gases (classe 2) com 16,4% / Abstract: A descriptive study was conducted to analyze accidents during the production and transportation of chemical substances that occurred in the State of São Paulo from 1990 to 2000. The chemical accidents magnitude is demonstrated in descriptions of few accidents of great repercussions to place the study in the national and international context regarding their impact on human health, risk analysis, prevention and mitigating actions. In addition, accident sources, the site of occurrence and the products involved are considered in the analysis of accidents. Data gathered in reports of a state owned company for technology on basic sanitation that is also responsible for emergency operations-Cetesb were used. Production process and transportation occurrences numbered 1685. Data analysis verifies that 12.6% of the cases occurred in the production process and 87.4% occurred during transportation, 69.7% of them occurring on highway transportation. The most frequently products were flammable liquids (class 3) with 40%, corrosives (class 8) with 20% and gases (class 2) with 16.4% / Mestrado / Saude Coletiva / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

PhD (Sociology) / Department of Sociology

Accidents are a complex process involving many contributory factors. The understanding of the accident process has often been sought by the use of accident data. Although accident data provide a direct relationship to estimating accident risk, there are many drawbacks associated with the use of these data. The major drawback with the use of accident data is the very fact that traffic engineers have to wait for accidents to occur before any interventions can be made. This alone is significant as the time span required to collect a sample size is often a three-year period. The many deficiencies with accident data have led to alternative measures such as traffic conflict techniques (TCT's) to estimate accident risk.In this investigation. traffic conflict techniques were used to estimate accident risk. There are four basic traffic conflict concepts and the development of these techniques was based on the accident process. The aim of this investigation was to highlight the differences between these concepts and to assess the applicability of these concepts to vehicle-pedestrian conflicts. The investigation was based on applying the various conflict techniques to data obtained at three intersections in the Durban CBD. In order to record the data an innovative method of using digital imaging was employed. This led to the development of a computer program to analyse conflict events. Analysis of the intersections based on the conflict techniques indicates that the intersections of Pine-Field and Commercial-Grey have a high probability of road users being involved in a "serious event" once there is an interaction between them. However, the probability for Commercial-Albert intersection is low thus indicating a safe intersection for vehicle-pedestrian interactions. The number of "serious events" at these locations was found to be related to the interacting traffic volumes - the conflict rate increases with increasing traffic volume. The use of conflict-volume models and accident models together with the conflict concepts agree that the accident risk is related to the conflicting traffic volumes and speed of the road users. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

Injuries continue to be a significant health problem in children. Injuries put more children in hospital than any other single cause. Injuries to children are due to falls, burns, poisoning, crushing, suffocation, traffic incidents and other causes both intentional and unintentional. Preschool children most commonly experience injuries in the home where they spend most of their time. The Western Cape Department of Health has decided to focus on the prevention of unintentional injuries to preschool children in and around the home. It is necessary to first determine the risk factors to these injuries before embarking on safety promotion and injury prevention programmes. To date there have been no studies documented in South Africa looking at the perceptions of the risk factors associated with household unintentional childhood injuries of first time mothers. This study therefore attempted to explore the perceptions of risk factors of first time mothers in Delft. Delft was chosen because it is a low-income area (which is recognised as being a risk factor to unintentional childhood injuries) and it is one of the pilot sites for the injury prevention programme of the Western Cape Department of Health.