Este estudo in vitro avaliou a influência do clareamento ativado com luz híbrida, em função da variação do pH e concentração de géis clareadores, e do condicionamento ácido prévio do esmalte bovino na alteração da rugosidade e desgaste após escovação simulada. Fragmentos de esmalte (1,5cm x 0,5cm x 0,4cm) foram divididos em duas partes, ficando uma metade como controle e a outra como área teste. Esta última foi subdividida em duas metades, sendo que uma recebeu o condicionamento ácido somado ao gel clareador e a outra somente o gel clareador. Os espécimes foram divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos (n=10): C = controle; TBO35LH = Total Blanc Office 35% 1 sessão (5x8) + ativação com luz híbrida LED/Laser; LPS35LH= Lase Peroxide Sense 35% - 1 sessão (5x8) + ativação com luz híbrida LED/Laser; LPS25LH = Lase Peroxide Sense 25% - 1 sessão (5x8) + ativação com luz híbrida LED/Laser; LPL15LH = Lase Peroxide Lite 15% - 1 sessão (5x8) + ativação com luz híbrida LED/Laser; LPL10LHV = Lase Peroxide Lite 10% - 1 sessão (5x8) + ativação com luz híbrida LED/Laser violeta. A rugosidade aritmética (Ra) inicial, após clareamento e após escovação, foi determinada pela média (μm) de três leituras (em cada área sem e com ácido totalizando seis leituras por espécimes) com o rugosímetro Hommel Tester T 1000. Os valores médios do pH foram determinados pelo peagômetro digital Sentron Model 1001 nos tempos inicial e final. Os espécimes foram armazenados em saliva artificial por sete dias, submetidos a 100.000 ciclos de escovação simulada. Após 24 horas o desgaste superficial foi determinado (μm) empregando o mesmo rugosímetro. Em relação ao desgaste e a alteração de rugosidade superficial, os resultados foram submetidos à Anova a dois critérios e a dois critérios de medidas repetidas e posteriormente ao teste de Tukey. Os dados obtidos das leituras de pH foram submetidos à ANOVA a um critério e a dois critérios de medidas repetidas e ao teste de Kruskal Wallis e Tukey para comparações individuais entre os grupos. Para todos os testes o nível de significância foi de 5%. A rugosidade e o desgaste apontaram diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos, principalmente quando comparado à área com e sem ácido. Os géis clareadores apresentaram tendência de diminuição dos valores de pH do tempo inicial para o tempo final, contudo, uma correlação com a rugosidade e com o desgaste não pôde ser estabelecida de forma clara. / This in vitro study evaluated the influence of whitening activated with hybrid light on the function variations of the pH level and concentration of bleaching gels and prior acid etching of bovine enamel and the change in roughness and wear after simulated tooth brushing. Fragments of enamel (1.5 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.4 cm) were divided into two parts, one half as the control and the other as the test area. The latter was divided into two halves, one of which received the etching added to the whitening gel and the other with only the whitening gel. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): C = control; TBO35LH = 35% Total Blanc Office 1x session (5x8\') + activation with hybrid light LED/Laser; LPS35LH = 35% Lase Peroxide Sense - 1x session (5x8\') + activation with hybrid light LED/Laser; LPS25LH = 25% Sense Lase Peroxide - 1x session (5x8\') + activation with hybrid light LED/Laser; LPL15LH = 15% Lase Peroxide Lite - 1x session (5x8 \') + activation with hybrid light LED/Laser; LPL10LHV = 10% Lase Peroxide Lite - 1x session (5x8\') + activation with violet hybrid light LED/Laser. The arithmetic roughness (Ra) started after bleaching and after brushing was determined by averaging (μm) the three readings (in each area - with and without acid for a total of six readings per specimen) with a Rugosimeter Hommel Tester T 1000. The mean pH values were determined by the Sentron Model 1001 digital pH meter at the start and end times. The specimens were stored in artificial saliva for seven days, and subjected to 100,000 cycles of simulated brushing. After 24 hours, the surface wear was determined (μm) employing the same roughness meter. In relation to the change in wear and surface roughness, the results were evaluated by two way ANOVA testing for repeated measures and later, a Tukey\'s test. The data obtained from the pH readings were submitted to two way ANOVA testing for repeated measures and the Kruskal Wallis and Tukey tests for the comparisons between the individual groups. The significance level was set at 5% for all the tests. The roughness and wear showed statistical differences between the groups, especially when compared to the area with and without acid. The bleaching gels tended to decrease in pH from the starting time to the final time, however, a correlation with the roughness and wear could not be clearly established.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2018-10-03T14:30:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Bárbara_Vincenzi2018.pdf: 1279106 bytes, checksum: d44d41a7b8387c799cad466834f2786c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-03T14:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Bárbara_Vincenzi2018.pdf: 1279106 bytes, checksum: d44d41a7b8387c799cad466834f2786c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Purpose: To evaluate the performance of an universal restorative adhesive system (total- and self-etching mode) on bond strength (BS) to the enamel immediately and after 12 months. Materials and methods: Eleven human third molars were sectioned in half to obtain twenty-two samples. The proximal enamel surfaces were planned, polished and randomly divided into 2 groups according to the treatment, and these subdivided (2 groups) according to the storage time, making 4 groups (n = 11): CAI (Scotchbond Universal adhesive-SBU, with prior 37% phosphoric acid conditioning for 15 sec, analyzed immediately); CA12m (same treatment as CAI, analyzed after 12 months aging); SAI group (SBU without prior acid conditioning, analyzed immediately); SA12m (same treatment as SAI, analyzed after 12 months aging). All samples were restored with Scothbond Universal adhesive (SBU) and Filtek Z100 composite resin according to the manufacturer's instructions. The composite resin blocks were built up incrementally. The specimens were stored in deionized for 24 hours and sectioned in sticks (1.0 ± 0.2 mm area) and subjected to microtensile on test machine on 0.5mm/min immediately (24h) and after 12 months . Data were submitted to ANOVA two criteria (p <0.01) followed by the Tukey post-test (p<0.05). Results: Enamel acid etching promoted a significant increase in RU values after immediate traction. However, after 12 months, RU values decreased significantly, with no statistical difference between the groups with and without acid conditioning. Conclusions: Enamel conditioning increased the immediate bond strength of the universal adhesive, and aging after 12 months reduced it. / Objetivos: Avaliar o desempenho de um sistema adesivo restaurador universal (modo convencional e autocondicionante) na resistência de união (RU) ao esmalte em período imediato e após 12 meses. Materiais e métodos: Onze terceiros molares humanos hígidos foram seccionados ao meio para obter vinte e duas amostras. As superfícies proximais do esmalte foram planificadas, polidas e aleatoriamente divididas em 2 grupos de acordo com o tratamento, e estes subdivididos (2 grupos) de acordo com o tempo de estocagem, perfazendo 4 grupos (n=11): CAI (adesivo Scotchbond Universal-SBU, prévio condicionamento com ácido fosfórico por 15 seg, análise imediata); CA12m (mesmo tratamento do CAI, análise após envelhecimento de 12 meses); SAI (adesivo SBU sem condicionamento ácido prévio, análise imediata); SA12m (mesmo tratamento do SAI, análise após 12 meses). Todas as amostras foram restauradas com o adesivo Scothbond Universal (SBU) e resina composta Filtek Z100 de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Os blocos de resina composta foram construídos incrementalmente. Os espécimes foram armazenados em água destilada por 24h, e posteriormente seccionados em palitos (área 1,0 ± 0,2mm) que foram submetidos ao teste de microtração em máquina de teste a 0.5mm/min imediatamente (24h) e 12 meses após. Os dados foram submetidos a ANOVA dois critérios (p <0.01) seguido pelo pós-teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: O condicionamento ácido do esmalte promoveu aumento significativo dos valores de RU após tração imediata. No entanto, após 12 meses, os valores de RU diminuíram significativamente, sem diferença estatística entre os grupos com e sem condicionamento ácido. Conclusões: O condicionamento do esmalte aumentou a resistência de união adesiva do adesivo universal imediata, e o envelhecimento após 12 meses a reduziu.

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-07-31T17:05:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Maria Fernanda Costa Scholz.pdf: 1290758 bytes, checksum: ddb5c2c0ca43f593268a067c13b5296b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T17:05:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Maria Fernanda Costa Scholz.pdf: 1290758 bytes, checksum: ddb5c2c0ca43f593268a067c13b5296b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência da viscosidade do ácido fosfórico e do modo de aplicação nos valores de resistência de união de pino de fibra de vidro cimentados na dentina radicular através do teste de pushout. Raízes de 32 pré-molares foram preparadas endodonticamente e divididas em 4 grupos (n = 8) de acordo com a combinação dos seguintes fatores: viscosidade do ácido e forma de aplicação. Após aplicação do adesivo Universal no interior dos condutos, foram realizadas as cimentações dos pinos com o cimento resinoso RelyX ARC. Em seguida, as raízes foram seccionadas transversalmente em 6 fatias de aproximadamente 1 mm e o teste de push-out foi realizado a uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os resultados de resistência de união foram submetidos a uma análise de variância de três fatores de medidas repetidas e teste de Tukey (alpha = 0.05). A interação dupla modo de aplicação vs. viscosidade do ácido (p = 0,0002) e o terço radicular (p < 0,0001) foram estatisticamente significantes. O maior valor de resistência de união foi observado no grupo condicionado com ácido fosfórico líquido sob o modo de aplicação sônica (p < 0,05) sendo todos os outros grupos semelhantes entre si. Quanto ao terço radicular, observou-se maior valor de resistência de união no terço cervical, seguido do terço médio e do terço apical terço apical (p < 0,05). Pelos resultados pode-se concluir que uma melhor adesão de pinos de fibra de vidro ao conduto radicular pode ser obtida através do condicionamento com ácido fosfórico líquido com aplicação sônica. / The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the etchant viscosity (liquid or gel) and the application mode (passive or sonic) on the pushout bond strength values of fiberglass post to root dentin and the conditioning pattern on the smear-layer covered root dentin before cementation. The roots of premolars were prepared endodontically and divided into 4 groups (n = 8) according to the combination of the main factors: phosphoric acid viscosity (liquid gel) and application mode (passive or sonic). After the application of the universal adhesive into the root canals, the fiberglass posts were cemented with cementation system RelyX ARC. Then, the roots were sectioned transversely 6 slices of approximately 1 mm and the push-out test performed at a speed 0.5 mm/min. The results were submitted to a repeated measures three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (alpha = 0.05). The cross-product interaction mode of application vs. etchant viscosity (p = 0.0002) and the main factor root third (p < 0.0001) were statistically significant. The highest bond strength value was observed when the conditioning of the root canal was performed with a liquid phosphoric acid under sonic application mode (p < 0.05), being all other groups similar one another (p < 0.05). Regarding the root third, the highest push-out bond strength value was observed in the cervical third, followed by the medium third and the apical thirds (p < 0,05). The most common fracture pattern was the mixed failure. By the partial results one may conclude that a better bonding of fiberglass posts to root canals can be achieved when the conduits are conditioned with a

Disertacijos tikslas buvo nustatyti fizikines priežastis, ribojančias dielektrinių optinių dangų spektrinius parametrus bei jų atsparumą lazerio spinduliuotei ir pateikti įvairių jų gamybos etapų – optinių pagrindukų paruošimo dengimo procesui, optinių dangų struktūros bei dengimo technologijų optimizavimo rekomendacijas optinių komponentų gamintojams. Šiame darbe buvo atlikta komerciškai poliruotų kvarco pagrindukų visapusiška paviršiaus analize, kuri parodė, kad paviršiuje esama poliravimo medžiagų liekanų įstrigusių įvairiuose rėžiuose bei mikrotrūkiuose ir “paslėptų” po taip vadinamu Bilbio sluoksniu. Siekiant nuėsdinti šį sluoksnį ir pašalinti poliravimo medžiagų liekanas, buvo sukurta cheminio ėsdinimo HF/HNO3 tirpale metodika. Nustatyta, kad ėsdintų kvarco pagrindukų pažaidos lazerio spinduliuotei slenkstis padidėjo apie 4 kartus. Šiame darbe didelis dėmesys buvo skiriamas naujų optinių dangų modelių paieškai ir dangų formavimui, naudojant ZrO2/SiO2 medžiagų mišinius. Panaudojant metalų oksidų mišinių sluoksnius, buvo suformuotos didelio atsparumo skaidrinančios dangos ant netiesinių LBO kristalų bei didelio atspindžio periodiškai kintančio lūžio rodiklio optinės dangos ant kvarco pagrindukų. Šiame darbe buvo pasirinktas magnetroninio dulkinimo technologijos, kuri yra santykinai nauja optinių dangų industrijoje, optimizavimas. Pirma kartą pademonstruota reaktyvaus magnetroninio dulkinimo proceso valdymas, panaudojant kombinuotą reaktyviųjų dujų jutiklį. Jo pagalba buvo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The main aim of this dissertation was to identify physical causes that limit optical component‘s spectral properties and resistance to laser radiation as well as to optimize the final substrate preparation procedure and coating deposition technology. In this work we report an experimental investigation of subsurface damage (SSD) in conventionally polished fused silica (FS) substrates, which are widely used in laser applications and directly influence performances of optical elements. Subsurface damages are defined as residual digs and scratches, some of which are filled with polishing slurry and covered with so-called Bielby layer (polished layer). Acid etching procedure of FS substrates was developed, which allows removing polished layer and eliminating SSD. Different durations of acid etching have been used to study laser induces damage threshold (LIDT) of FS substrates. These experiments revealed that the optimal etching time is ~1 min for a given acid concentration. LIDT of etched FS samples increased ~4 times. The LIDT in LiB3O5 (LBO) crystals coated with different types of (single AR@355 nm and triple AR@355+532+1064 nm wavelength) anti-reflective coatings was also investigated. All these coatings were produced of different oxide materials (ZrO2, Al2O3, and SiO2) and ZrO2-SiO2 mixtures by using the ion beam sputtering (IBS) deposition technique. Also, we present explorations of reactive magnetron sputtering technology for deposition of ZrO2 and Nb2O5/SiO2 mixture thin... [to full text]

The main aim of this dissertation was to identify physical causes that limit optical component‘s spectral properties and resistance to laser radiation as well as to optimize the final substrate preparation procedure and coating deposition technology. In this work we report an experimental investigation of subsurface damage (SSD) in conventionally polished fused silica (FS) substrates, which are widely used in laser applications and directly influence performances of optical elements. Subsurface damages are defined as residual digs and scratches, some of which are filled with polishing slurry and covered with so-called Bielby layer (polished layer). Acid etching procedure of FS substrates was developed, which allows removing polished layer and eliminating SSD. Different durations of acid etching have been used to study laser induces damage threshold (LIDT) of FS substrates. These experiments revealed that the optimal etching time is ~1 min for a given acid concentration. LIDT of etched FS samples increased ~4 times. The LIDT in LiB3O5 (LBO) crystals coated with different types of (single AR@355 nm and triple AR@355+532+1064 nm wavelength) anti-reflective coatings was also investigated. All these coatings were produced of different oxide materials (ZrO2, Al2O3, and SiO2) and ZrO2-SiO2 mixtures by using the ion beam sputtering (IBS) deposition technique. Also, we present explorations of reactive magnetron sputtering technology for deposition of ZrO2 and Nb2O5/SiO2 mixture thin... [to full text] / Disertacijos tikslas buvo nustatyti fizikines priežastis, ribojančias dielektrinių optinių dangų spektrinius parametrus bei jų atsparumą lazerio spinduliuotei ir pateikti įvairių jų gamybos etapų – optinių pagrindukų paruošimo dengimo procesui, optinių dangų struktūros bei dengimo technologijų optimizavimo rekomendacijas optinių komponentų gamintojams. Šiame darbe buvo atlikta komerciškai poliruotų kvarco pagrindukų visapusiška paviršiaus analize, kuri parodė, kad paviršiuje esama poliravimo medžiagų liekanų įstrigusių įvairiuose rėžiuose bei mikrotrūkiuose ir “paslėptų” po taip vadinamu Bilbio sluoksniu. Siekiant nuėsdinti šį sluoksnį ir pašalinti poliravimo medžiagų liekanas, buvo sukurta cheminio ėsdinimo HF/HNO3 tirpale metodika. Nustatyta, kad ėsdintų kvarco pagrindukų pažaidos lazerio spinduliuotei slenkstis padidėjo apie 4 kartus. Šiame darbe didelis dėmesys buvo skiriamas naujų optinių dangų modelių paieškai ir dangų formavimui, naudojant ZrO2/SiO2 medžiagų mišinius. Panaudojant metalų oksidų mišinių sluoksnius, buvo suformuotos didelio atsparumo skaidrinančios dangos ant netiesinių LBO kristalų bei didelio atspindžio periodiškai kintančio lūžio rodiklio optinės dangos ant kvarco pagrindukų. Šiame darbe buvo pasirinktas magnetroninio dulkinimo technologijos, kuri yra santykinai nauja optinių dangų industrijoje, optimizavimas. Pirma kartą pademonstruota reaktyvaus magnetroninio dulkinimo proceso valdymas, panaudojant kombinuotą reaktyviųjų dujų jutiklį. Jo pagalba buvo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 scheffel_dls_me_arafo.pdf: 1035533 bytes, checksum: e70561f0ad87f4e70ff9fc416abd9379 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo geral desse trabalho, dividido em três estudos, foi avaliar a influência do tempo de condicionamento ácido na desmineralização da dentina, na qualidade e no desempenho adesivo imediato da união resina-dentina de dentes decíduos e permanentes. No estudo 1, superfícies planas de dentina foram produzidas em molares decíduos e pré-molares (n=8). Sobre cada superfície, três áreas foram delimitadas e condicionadas com ácido fosfórico por 5, 10 ou 15 s. Decorrido o período pré-estabelecido de condicionamento, o ácido foi coletado e a concentração de cálcio dissolvido da dentina (ug Ca/mm2) foi determinada por microcolorimetria. Os dados foram analisados pela aplicação dos testes de ANOVA, Tukey e análise de regressão linear (α=0,05). Correlação positiva significante foi observada entre a concentração de cálcio e o tempo de condicionamento ácido para ambos, dentes decíduos e permanentes. Para todos os tempos de condicionamento, quantidades estatisticamente superiores de íons cálcio foram detectadas para a dentina de dentes decíduos em comparação a dentina de dentes permanentes. Foi concluído que a dentina de dentes decíduos é mais facilmente desmineralizada do que a dentina de dentes permanentes, e que essa desmineralização foi maior em função do aumento do tempo de aplicação do ácido. No estudo 2, superfícies planas de dentina também foram produzidas em outros 8 molares decíduos e 8 pré-molares hígidos. As superfícies foram divididas ao meio no sentido vestíbulo-lingual por meio de uma canaleta produzida com um disco diamantado. Aleatoriamente, cada metade foi condicionada com ácido fosfórico por 15 ou 5 s e os sistemas adesivos Prime&Bond NT ou Prime&Bond 2.1 foram aplicados. Espécimes envolvendo a interface de união foram produzidos e preparados em laboratório... / The aim of this work, divided into three studies, was to evaluate the influence of acid etching time on dentin demineralization, quality and immediate adhesive performance of resin-dentin bonds produced in deciduous and permanent teeth. In the first study, flat dentin surfaces were produced in sound molars (n=8) and premolars (n=8). On each surface, three circular areas were primary defined and etched with phosphoric acid for 5, 10 or 15 s. After the predetermined period of etching, the acid was collected and the calcium concentration (ugCa/mm2) was determined by microcolorimetry. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey and linear regression tests (α=0.05). Significant positive correlation was observed between calcium concentration and etching time for both deciduous and permanent teeth. For all times of conditioning, statistically higher amounts of calcium ions were removed from dentin of primary teeth compared to dentin of permanent teeth. It was concluded that the primary dentin was more prone to demineralization by phosphoric acid than permanent dentin, and that the extent of demineralization increased as a function of acid etching time. In the second study, flat dentin surfaces were also produced in additional 8 primary molars and 8 premolars. The surfaces were divided into mesial and distal halves through a shallow notch produced with a diamond disc. Randomly, each half was conditioned with 35% phosphoric acid for 15 or 5 s and the adhesive systems Prime & Bond NT or Prime & Bond 2.1 were applied. Specimens involving the bonded interface were produced and processed for staining with Goldner's trichrome. The thickness of the collagen zone exposed at the base of the hybrid layer (ZC) was measured using optical microscopy. Data were submitted to threeway analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Overall, thicker ZC... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Ce travail porte sur le développement d’une technique de structuration de surface pour le silicium. Celle-ci repose sur trois étapes essentielles : la lithographie, l’implantation ionique et le retrait par voie humide. Le motif formé par lithographie est transféré par homothétie dans la couche sous-jacente de silicium grâce à l’implantation ionique. Après le retrait du masque de résine, le substrat est traité par voie humide en vue de retirer des zones localement implantées. Le motif initial défini par la lithographie est ainsi révélé dans le silicium.La compréhension des modifications induites par l’implantation ionique dans le substrat nous a permis de réaliser avec succès un transfert dans le silicium. Nous avons principalement étudié les défauts générés par deux types d’ions : l’argon et l’hydrogène, à travers un certain nombre de techniques de caractérisation. Sur la base de cette étude, les différents traitements humides du silicium ont été investigués : gravure alcaline, gravure acide, dissolution par anodisation. L’optimisation des conditions d’implantation et des paramètres de retrait humide a permis l’obtention de structures 2D puis 3D.La faisabilité de cette technique de structuration a également été démontrée sur d’autres matériaux comme le SiOCH et le nitrure de silicium. / This thesis deals with the development of a patterning process for silicon substrates. Based on ion implantation through a resist pattern to locally modified the underneath layer. Wet etching processes have been developed to reveal the shapes transferred into the silicon substrate. Thanks to morphological, physical and chemical characterizations, modifications induced by ion implantation have been identified and understood.Two ion species (argon and hydrogen) were used in this thesis in order to assess either physical or chemical modifications in silicon substrate. Several wet chemistries: alkaline, acid and dissolution by anodization, were investigated to reveal the final shape. The optimization of the implantation and wet etching processes allowed to obtain 2D and 3D structures with silicon substrate.Moreover, our approach has been successfully implemented to pattern 2D shapes in SiOCH and silicon nitride.

Orientador: Josimeri Hebling / Banca: Lívia Maria Andaló Tenuta / Banca: Elisa Maria Aparecida Giro / Resumo: O objetivo geral desse trabalho, dividido em três estudos, foi avaliar a influência do tempo de condicionamento ácido na desmineralização da dentina, na qualidade e no desempenho adesivo imediato da união resina-dentina de dentes decíduos e permanentes. No estudo 1, superfícies planas de dentina foram produzidas em molares decíduos e pré-molares (n=8). Sobre cada superfície, três áreas foram delimitadas e condicionadas com ácido fosfórico por 5, 10 ou 15 s. Decorrido o período pré-estabelecido de condicionamento, o ácido foi coletado e a concentração de cálcio dissolvido da dentina (ug Ca/mm2) foi determinada por microcolorimetria. Os dados foram analisados pela aplicação dos testes de ANOVA, Tukey e análise de regressão linear (α=0,05). Correlação positiva significante foi observada entre a concentração de cálcio e o tempo de condicionamento ácido para ambos, dentes decíduos e permanentes. Para todos os tempos de condicionamento, quantidades estatisticamente superiores de íons cálcio foram detectadas para a dentina de dentes decíduos em comparação a dentina de dentes permanentes. Foi concluído que a dentina de dentes decíduos é mais facilmente desmineralizada do que a dentina de dentes permanentes, e que essa desmineralização foi maior em função do aumento do tempo de aplicação do ácido. No estudo 2, superfícies planas de dentina também foram produzidas em outros 8 molares decíduos e 8 pré-molares hígidos. As superfícies foram divididas ao meio no sentido vestíbulo-lingual por meio de uma canaleta produzida com um disco diamantado. Aleatoriamente, cada metade foi condicionada com ácido fosfórico por 15 ou 5 s e os sistemas adesivos Prime&Bond NT ou Prime&Bond 2.1 foram aplicados. Espécimes envolvendo a interface de união foram produzidos e preparados em laboratório... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this work, divided into three studies, was to evaluate the influence of acid etching time on dentin demineralization, quality and immediate adhesive performance of resin-dentin bonds produced in deciduous and permanent teeth. In the first study, flat dentin surfaces were produced in sound molars (n=8) and premolars (n=8). On each surface, three circular areas were primary defined and etched with phosphoric acid for 5, 10 or 15 s. After the predetermined period of etching, the acid was collected and the calcium concentration (ugCa/mm2) was determined by microcolorimetry. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey and linear regression tests (α=0.05). Significant positive correlation was observed between calcium concentration and etching time for both deciduous and permanent teeth. For all times of conditioning, statistically higher amounts of calcium ions were removed from dentin of primary teeth compared to dentin of permanent teeth. It was concluded that the primary dentin was more prone to demineralization by phosphoric acid than permanent dentin, and that the extent of demineralization increased as a function of acid etching time. In the second study, flat dentin surfaces were also produced in additional 8 primary molars and 8 premolars. The surfaces were divided into mesial and distal halves through a shallow notch produced with a diamond disc. Randomly, each half was conditioned with 35% phosphoric acid for 15 or 5 s and the adhesive systems Prime & Bond NT or Prime & Bond 2.1 were applied. Specimens involving the bonded interface were produced and processed for staining with Goldner's trichrome. The thickness of the collagen zone exposed at the base of the hybrid layer (ZC) was measured using optical microscopy. Data were submitted to threeway analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Overall, thicker ZC... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

<p>Gleđ je supstrat adhezije direktnih i indirektnih ispuna, ljuspi, splintova, zalivača i ortodontskih bravica. Adhezija između materijala i zubnog tkiva je ključna za uspe&scaron;no sprovođenje različitih stomatolo&scaron;kih intervencija. Ova veza, bez obzira na brojnost i raznovrsnost novih materijala nije u potpunosti re&scaron;ena. CILJ: Ispitati mehaničke i hemijske osobine gleđi nakon tretmana različitim kondicionerima za pripremu gleđi. Odrediti tvrdoću i modul elastičnosti, odrediti hemijski udeo minerala kalcijuma i fosfata u povr&scaron;inskom sloju gleđi pre i posle nagrizanja različitim kiselinama i utvrditi uticaj prizmatičnosti gleđi na stepen nagrizanja gleđi primenom različitih kiselina. METODE: Sprovedeno je in vitro istraživanje na ekstrahovanim humanim zubima. U odnosu na primenjeni kondicioner analizirano je 192, od toga 96 uzoraka stalnih zuba i 96 uzoraka mlečnih zuba. Pripremljeni uzorci gleđi su analizirani pre i nakon primene četiri vrste kondicionera: 37% ortofosforne kiseline (Kerr, Gel etchant), 10% poliakrilne kiseline (GC, Dentin Conditioner), monomera estra fosforne kiseline (GC G bond), hidroksietilmetakrilata sa fosfornom kiselinom (3M Unitek, Transbond&trade; Plus Self Etching Primer). Određivana je tvrdoća i modul elastičnosti gleđi nanoindentacijom, struktura povr&scaron;inskog sloja gleđi pomoću skening elektronske mikroskopije, dok je hemijski sastav povr&scaron;inskog sloja gleđi određen metodom energetske disperzione spektroskopije. Rezultati modula elastičnosti unutar grupe mlečnih zuba ukazali su na postojanje statistički značajnih razlika između rezultata netretirane okluzalne povr&scaron;ine i svih tretiranih uzoraka okluzalne povr&scaron;ine, dok analiza tvrdoće gleđi u istoj grupi, ukazala je na statistički značajne razlike između vrednosti netretiranih i svih tretiranih uzoraka, na svim povr&scaron;inama, osim na uzorcima bukalne povr&scaron;ine tretiranih poliakrilnom kiselinom. U grupi stalnih zuba, postoje statistički značajne razlike vrednosti modula elastičnosti između uzoraka tretiranih ortofosfornom kiselinom, bez obzira na povr&scaron;inu zuba, u odnosu na grupe u kojima su kori&scaron;ćeni drugi kondicioneri, osim kada su poređeni uzorci lingvalne povr&scaron;ine stalnih zuba tretirani ortofosfornom kiselinom sa uzorkom - iste povr&scaron;ine tretirane Transbondom. Rezultati tvrdoće gleđi stalnih zuba pokazali su statistički značajne razlike između netretirane, kontrolne grupe i svih grupa testiranih kondicionera, bez obzira na ispitivanu povr&scaron;inu zuba. Svaki primenjeni kondicioner promenio je povr&scaron;insku morfologiju uzorka. Ortofosforna i poliakrilna kiselina, u najvećoj meri su uticala na pojavu polja nagrizanja tipa 1 i tipa 2. Primenom G bonda i Transbonda pored tipa 1, veliki udeo polja nagrizanja bio je tipa 5. Analiza hemijskih elemenata povr&scaron;inskog sloja gleđi uzoraka pre i nakon kondicioniranja ukazala je na smanjenje udela analiziranih elemenata, osim kiseonika čiji se maseni udeo povećao nakon tretmana sa svim kondicionerima u grupi stalnih i mlečnih zuba. ZAKLJUČAK: Vrednosti tvrdoće gleđi i vrednosti modula elastičnosti značajno se smanjuju nakon nagrizanja gleđi u stepenu koji je u zavisnosti od primenjenog kondicionera. Efekat nagrizanja aprizmatične gleđi je značajno manji u odnosu na stepen nagrizanja prizmatične gleđi, primenom svih testiranih kondicionera. Hemijski udeo minerala kalcijuma i fosfata u povr&scaron;inskom sloju gleđi je značajno niži posle nagrizanja u odnosu na vrednosti pre nagrizanja gleđi, međutim sam odnos Ca i P se ne menja.</p> / <p>Dental enamel is a substrate for the adhesion of direct and indirect fillings, venners, splints, fissure sealants and orthodontic brackets. Adhesion between the material and dental tissue is key to success of various interventions in dentistry. Despite the abundance and variety of new materials, adhesion has not been fully resolved. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the mechanical and chemical properties of the enamel after treatment with different conditioners. Determine the hardness and modulus of elasticity, the chemical content of calcium and phosphate minerals in the surface layer of the enamel before and after etching with different acids, and define the effect of enamel prismaticity on the degree of demineralisation by applying different acids. METHODS: An in vitro study was performed on extracted human teeth. In relation to the conditioner used, 192 were analyzed, of which 96 were permanent teeth and 96 were decidous teeth. Prepared enamel samples were analyzed before and after the application of four types of conditioner: 37% orthophosphoric acid (Kerr, Gel etchant), 10% polyacrylic acid (GC, Dentin Conditioner), phosphoric acid ester monomer (GC G bond), hydroxyethyl methacrylate with phosphoric acid ( 3M Unitek, Transbond &trade; Plus Self Etching Primer ). The hardness and modulus of elasticity of the enamel were determined by nanoindentation, the structure of the enamel surface layer by scanning electron microscopy, while the chemical composition of the enamel surface layer was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy. RESULTS: The results of the modulus of elasticity within the group of decidous teeth indicated statistically significant differences between the results of untreated occlusal surface and all treated occlusal surface samples, while the analysis of the hardness of the enamel in the same group indicated statistically significant differences between the values of untreated and all treated samples, on all surfaces except buccal surface samples treated with polyacrylic acid. In the group of permanent teeth, there are statistically significant differences in the value of the modulus of elasticity between the samples treated with orthophosphoric acid, regardless of the tooth surface, compared to the groups in which other conditioners were used, except when the samples of the lingual surface of permanent teeth were treated with orthophosphoric acid in comparison to same sample group treated with Transbond. The results of the hardness of the permanent tooth enamel showed statistically significant differences between the untreated, control group and all groups of conditioners used, regardless of the tooth surface tested. Each conditioner applied changed the surface morphology of the sample. Orthophosphoric and polyacrylic acid, to a large extent, influenced the appearance of etching patterns type 1 and type 2. Using G bond and Transbond alongside to type 1, a large proportion of the etching pattern was type 5. Analysis of the chemical components of the surface layer of the enamel samples before and after conditioning indicated reduction of the proportion of analyzed elements, except for oxygen whose mass fraction increased after treatment with all conditioners in the permanent and deciduous teeth group. CONCLUSION: The values of the hardness of the enamel and the values of the modulus of elasticity decrease significantly after etching of the enamel to a degree that depends on the conditioner applied. The etching effect on aprismatic enamel is significantly smaller than the degree of demineralisation of the prismatic enamel in all conditioners tested. The chemical content of calcium and phosphate minerals in the surface layer of the enamel is significantly lower after the conditioning, however the Ca and P ratio does not change.</p>

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / While most sealants available are resin-based, glass ionomer-based cements can be used as sealants, with the advantage of being more tolerant to moisture during placement and of releasing fluoride. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different fissure conditioning techniques on penetration and microleakage of glass ionomer (GI) and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGI) used as sealants. Clinically sound extracted human molars were distributed into nine experimental groups (n = 15 each). Group 1 (control) was sealed with resin-based sealant (Delton) following clinically accepted techniques. Groups 2 through 6 were sealed with RMGI (Vitremer) after having the fissure conditioned with either polyacrylic acid (RMGI-control), 35-percent H3PO4, low viscosity 35-percent H3PO4 with a surfactant, self-etch conditioner, or 35-percent H3PO4 followed by self-etch conditioner. Groups 7 through 9 were sealed with GI sealant (Fuji Triage) after having the fissures conditioned with either polyacrylic acid (GI-control), 35- percent H3PO4 or low viscosity 35-percent H3PO4 with a surfactant. After aging through thermocycling (2500 cycles), specimens were incubated in methylene blue for four hours and sectioned at multiple locations. Digital images were obtained using a digital stereomicroscope, and microleakage was determined by scoring the dye penetration along the enamel-sealant interface. The penetration of the material was determined by calculating the percentage of the total length of the fissure penetrated by the material. Results: The use of self etch-conditioner significantly increased RMGI penetration, while surface conditioning with 35-percent phosphoric acid with surfactant significantly decreased microleakage of GI. The resin-based sealant placed after 35-percent phosphoric acid surface conditioning showed the best penetration and the least level of microleakage. In conclusion, results from this study suggest that the placement of glass ionomer-based sealants can be enhanced by modifying current conditioning methods.