Την έννοια της ομοιότητας τη συναντάμε πολύ συχνά στην καθημερινή μας ζωή. Την χρησιμοποιούμε σε πρακτικά προβλήματα, όπως για τη μέτρηση της απόστασης απρόσιτων σημείων ή στην κατασκευή όμοιων σχημάτων (προοπτική κατασκευή), που χρησιμοποείται από τους σχεδιαστές και τους ζωγράφους για να απεικονίσουν ένα αντικείμενο του τρισδιάστατου χώρου πάνω σε μια δισδιάστατη επιφάνεια Η έννοια της ομοιότητας αποτελεί μέρος της επιστήμης των Μαθηματικών, και ιδιαίτερα της Γεωμετρίας και διδάσκεται σύμφωνα με το σχολικό αναλυτικό πρόγραμμα στο Γυμάσιο και στο Λύκειο. Η κατανόησή της επομένως έχει σημαντικό ενδιαφέρον. Οι μαθητές αντιμετωπίζουν δυσκολίες που είναι ανθεκτικές και εμφανίζονται ακόμα και σε απόφοιτους Λυκείου. Υπάρχουν πολλά προβλήματα κατανόησης της έννοιας ‘ομοιότητα’ σχημάτων και ιδιαίτερα των τριγώνων σε όλες τις βαθμίδες της εκπαίδευσης. Οι δυσκολίες αυτές οφείλονται στο ότι η έννοια της ομοιότητας είναι σύνθετη καθώς είναι στενά συνδεδεμένη με τις έννοιες της αναλογίας και του λόγου. Στην εργασία αυτή έγινε σχεδιασμός εκπαιδευτικών δραστηριοτήτων για τη διδασκαλία της ομοιότητας τριγώνων με εκπαιδευτικό λογισμικό Δυναμικής Γεωμετρίας (Sketchpad και Microworlds pro) σε μαθητές της Γ’ Γυμνασίου. Ο στόχος ήταν να δοθεί η ευκαιρία στους μαθητές να μελετήσουν και να κατανοήσουν την έννοια της ομοιότητας με έναν ενεργητικό ποιοτικό τρόπο, να εμπλακούν σε μια επιστημονική έρευνα που ενισχύει την κριτική και δημιουργική τους ικανότητα καθώς και την ανάληψη πρωτοβουλιών. Η διδασκαλία έγινε στο Γυμνάσιο Καμαρών, στα δύο τμήματα της τρίτης τάξης που είχαν τον ίδιο αριθμό μαθητών. Στο πρώτο τμήμα έγινε η διδασκαλία με τον παραδοσιακό τρόπο με τη χρήση φύλλου εργασίας, η οποία και βιντεοσκοπήθηκε. Το δεύτερο τμήμα χωρίστηκε σε τρείς ομάδες και η διδασκαλία έγινε με κατάλληλες εκπαιδευτικές δραστηριότητες που σχεδιάστηκαν αξιοποιώντας τα εκπαιδευτικά λογισμικά Sketchpad και Microworlds pro που επίσης βιντεοσκοπήθηκε. Δόθηκε στους μαθητές φύλλο εργασίας με συγκεκριμένες δραστηριότητες. Με την πρώτη δραστηριότητα εισαγωγικά, έγινε προσπάθεια με κατάλληλα παραδείγματα να δουν οι μαθητές πως χρησιμοποιούμε στην καθημερινή ζωή τη λέξη όμοιος, ομοιότητα, μοιάζω και να αναρωτηθούν αν έχει την ίδια σημασία για τα Μαθηματικά και ειδικά τη Γεωμετρία. Η δεύτερη δραστηριότητα θέτει στους μαθητές το ερώτημα ποια από τα στοιχεία των τριγώνων (που δίδονται) -οι πλευρές τους ή οι γωνίες τους-είναι αυτά που τα κάνουν να διατηρούν το σχήμα τους. Με την τρίτη δραστηριότητα που είναι σχεδιασμένη στο περιβάλλον Microworlds pro οι μαθητές μετά από μετρήσεις σε δύο εικόνες που τους δίδονται, βρίσκουν το κλάσμα που δείχνει πόσες φορές μεγαλύτερη είναι η μία εικόνα από μία άλλη. Η τέταρτη δραστηριότητα είναι σχεδιασμένη στο περιβάλλον Sketchpad. Οι μαθητές παρατηρούν τη μεταβολή της μορφής τριγώνου μετά από μεγένθυνση σε φωτοτυπικό μηχάνημα και μετά από μετρήσεις πλευρών- γωνιών και δυναμικών μετασχηματισμών των τριγώνων προσπαθούν να δώσουν έναν ορισμό για τα όμοια τρίγωνα. Οι δραστηριότητες που ακολουθούν προκάλεσαν το ενδιαφέρον των μαθητών, τους βοήθησαν να εμπεδώσουν την έννοια και να καταλάβουν πως η έννοια αυτή καλύπτει τις ανάγκες επίλυσης προβλημάτων της καθημερινής ζωής σήμερα και παλιότερα. Είναι δραστηριότητες σχεδιασμένες σε περιβάλλον Microworlds pro και αναφέρονται: στον τρόπο υπολογισμού του ύψους ενός δένδρου που ξέρουμε από τον Θαλή, ο οποίος κατά τον μύθο, για να μετρήσει το ύψος μιας πυραμίδας στην Αίγυπτο χρησιμοποίησε ως μονάδα μήκους το ύψος του σώματός του εκμεταλλευόμενος την σκιά που δημιουργείται από τις ακτίνες του ήλιου. Οι μαθητές πειραματίζονται για τις διαφορετικές θέσεις του ήλιου αλλά και μέγεθος του πασσάλου που χρησιμοποιούμε ως μονάδα μέτρησης και διαπιστώνουν ότι δεν εξαρτάται από αυτά το ύψος του δένδρου. Η επόμενη δραστηριότητα δείχνει ότι η ιστορία με τα όμοια τρίγωνα είναι πολύ παλιά. Οι μαθητές ανακαλύπτουν πώς ο αρχαιότερος Μαθηματικός Θαλής ο Μιλήσιος μπορούσε να υπολογίσει την απόσταση ενός καραβιού μέσα στη θάλασσα από την προκυμαία. Ο σχεδιασμός της δραστηριότητας δίνει τη δυνατότητα στον μαθητή να πειραματιστεί στα τυχαία βήματα που κάνει ο παρατηρητής και να κατανοήσει ότι τα τρίγωνα που σχηματίζονται θα έχουν τις γωνίες τους ίσες ανεξάρτητα απο τα βήματα που κάνει κάθε φορά και τις διαφορετικές θέσεις των πασσάλων. Ακολούθησε έρευνα αξιολόγησης του είδους της γνώσης που κατασκευάζουν οι μαθητές όταν αλληλεπιδρούν με εκπαιδευτικό λογισμικό αλλά και όταν αλληλεπιδρούν με το περιβάλλον χαρτί μολύβι. Η αξιολόγηση έγινε με ΤEST και ερωτηματολόγιο που δόθηκε στούς μαθητές και των δύο τμημάτων. Οι μαθητές στο περιβάλλον του λογισμικού εξέφρασαν τη διαισθητική τους γνώση, ήρθαν σε επαφή με τις νέες μαθηματικές έννοιες (ομοιότητα, λόγος ομοιότητας) τις συνέδεσαν με άλλες που γνώριζαν (ο λόγος ομοιότητας συνδέθηκε με την κλίμακα σε μεγένθυνση ή σμίκρυνση, ακόμα και με την κλίμακα στο χάρτη) πειραματίστηκαν και διερεύνησαν τις δραστηριότητες που τους δόθηκαν. Η συμμετοχή σε όλη τη διάρκεια του μαθήματος ήταν μεγάλη και ιδιαίτερα μαθητών που συνήθως είναι αδιάφοροι. Το ενδιαφέρον τόσο για τη μαθησιακή διαδικασία αλλά και για τα μαθηματικά ως επιστήμη αυξήθηκε. Στην παραδοσιακή διδασκαλία, οι προσεγγίσεις των μαθητών ήταν φτωχές, δεν έγινε ανάκληση και σύνδεση με άλλες βασικές έννοιες με τις οποίες είναι συνδεδεμένη η έννοια της ομοιότητας. Η έλλειψη οπτικοποίησης των δεδομένων δεν προκαλεί μεγάλο ενδιαφέρον των μαθητών. / We very often meet the concept of resemblance in our daily life. We use it in practical problems, such as for the measurement of the distance of inaccessible points or in the manufacture of similar forms (prospect manufacture) that is used by the designers and painters in order to portray an object of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface. The concept of similarity constitutes part of the science of Mathematics and particularly of the Geometry and it is taught according to the school analytic program in the High school and in the Lyceum. Its comprehension consequently has important interest. The students face difficulties that are durable and are even presented in the graduates of Lyceum. A lot of problems of comprehending the concept of similar triangles forms exist and particularly of the triangles in all the degrees of education. These difficulties are due to the fact that the concept of similarity is complex as it is closely connected with the significances of proportion and reason. In this project a planning of educational activities for the teaching of similar triangles with educational software of Dynamic Geometry (Sketchpad and Microworlds pro) was done to students of the third grade of High school. The objective was the students to be given the opportunity to study and comprehend the concept of resemblance with an energetic qualitative way, to be involved in a scientific research that strengthens their critical and creative faculty as well as the undertaking of initiatives. The teaching took place in the High school in Kamares, in the two classes of the third grade of High School with the same number of students. The teaching in the first class was accomplished with the traditional way by using a sheet, which was also video-recorded. The second class was separated in three teams and the teaching was done with suitable educational activities that were planned by developing the Sketchpad and Microworlds pro educational software which was also video-recorded. A sheet with specific activities was given to students. As an introduction, it was made an effort with the first activity by using proper examples for the students to understand how we use the words similar, resemblance, I resemble in our daily life and to wonder if they have the same importance for Mathematics and especially in the Geometry. The second activity sets the question to the students: which of the elements of triangles (that are given) - their sides or their angles - are those that make them maintain their form. With the third activity that is planned in the Microworlds pro environment the students after measuring two pictures that were given to them, they found the fraction that shows how much bigger is a picture than the other. The fourth activity was planned in the Sketchpad environment. The students observed the change of the form of triangle after an enlargement in a photocopier and they tried to give a definition for the similar triangles after measurements of sides-angles and the dynamic transformations of them.

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One of the most debated topics within public universities in Brazil is the development of alternative resources generated from entrepreneurial activities in order to supplement the lack of government funding for higher education. This study analyzes this issue, addresses questions about the creation of private institutions that provide fiscal support to federal universities, and discusses the relationship between federal universities and these private organizations. In particular, the research for this project is based on a case study of the Federal University of Ceara (UFC) and the eight private foundations that function within its structure and are sources of additional revenue for the institution. This study draws on resource dependency theory, academic capitalism theory, and globalization theory as its theoretical framework. Resource dependency theory is used to clarify why federal universities in Brazil have turned to private institutions within their structures in order to generate external revenue. Academic capitalism theory provides an understanding as to why universities are shifting their focus and functions towards a new market orientation. Globalization theory is used to explain how emerging international markets and concepts are affecting the new environment in public institutions in Brazil. The present research is based on UFC's experience with the eight private organizations which exist to provide support to their respective departments and to the university as a whole. The data collected is based on institutional documents such as statutes, contracts, and financial statements. Interviews were the other source of data gathering. The results indicate that private institutions (foundations and faculty associations) contribute significantly to the activities of their federal universities by generating additional, external revenue. At the same time, this national phenomenon is the subject of a heated debate centering on the question of whether public higher education in Brazil is essentially becoming privatized. The research also confirms that foundations are contributing to a shift in public higher education toward the new market orientation.

Speaking about the regional policy are important the centres being on periphery - problem of the cultural centers and its parity with problems of the periphery. The cultural centers employ theoretically necessary and capable workers. However whether always the centers working on periphery can satisfy need of a society? Unless all structures named by the cultural centers influence a society? What does not allowed the cultural centers at a sight of a society to leave ajar their mission during a life? For last decade positive shifts are felt in a public life. Let's try to consider this situation. Clearly that the regional policy essentially stimulates civil mature community. However it still weak, not having a material resources. The cultural centers and communities having one base as public organizations are guided by the various legal status and belong to various departments. In small peripheral town the problem becomes the general problem of this organizations. Object of research - public opinion on activity of the cultural centers. The purpose of research - to investigate influence of the cultural centers for a public life. Research objectives. 1. To give a theoretical substantiation of activity of the centres of culture in Lithuania. 2. To give a legal substantiation of activity of the centres of culture in Lithuania. 3. To give a theoretical and legal substantiation of activity of the centres. 4. To carry out research of influence of the cultural centre for a life of a... [to full text]

Theoretical and practical methods of assessment of the bank‘s activities of variuos foreign and Lithuanian authors are analyzed and systemized in the master‘s final paper. There are mentioned such methods of assessment of the bank‘s activities: Economic Value Added, Economical and book-keepinng methods of estimate of the bank‘s activities and ect. A great attention is turned on the role of risk management in the commercial bank and its influence on the rezults of bank‘s activities in this research work. The urgent problems of the bank‘s capital adequancy and liquidity management are investigated in the master‘s final paper. Moreover, the participation place of the bank is ascertained in the financial institutes‘ activity. Therefore, the analisys of the balance sheet of Snoras bank is carried out, the standarts of risk‘s limits are looked over and investment activities are evaluated in this work. The author‘s couched hypothesis of the scientific research that correctly chosen policy of assets management of the commercial bank has direct impact on the efficiency of the commercial bank‘s activities, is corroborated.

After – school education allows obtaining one of the most important aims of education – to ensure qualitative and continues education while a child with his needs is in the centre of the process. Professional organization of educational process is constant improvement of school and item of qualitative education. After – school education is understood like a permanent process intended for a child’s socialization, creativeness, development of abilities, expansion of leisure time, recreation. All after – school activities have to help a child to spread his individual abilities of creativity, to satisfy his natural demands of self – expression, love and deference, purport, creativeness, orderliness and harmony. After – school education is a component of educational process, which determines individual formation and even has decisive stress for it. Therefore it is very important to anlyze this process systematically. Research object: organization of after – school education. Research objectives: To analyze the structure, organization of after – school activities, to establish expedience, usefulness, varieties of forms, initiative using after – school activities.

The rate of residential break and enters in Canada has been declining according to official statistics, but has increased according to self reports of victims. Since the 1970s, considerable attention has been given to preventing break and enters by altering the physical environment. However, studies that assess the effects of physical design have produced mixed results. The data for this study were drawn from Guelph Police Service break and enter records, and property site assessments were performed using Google Earth and Street View. Drawing from rational choice and routine activities perspectives, physical and social features of burgled and non-burgled single detached dwellings were assessed to determine which features predicted break and enter victimization. Results suggest little empirical support for place-based crime prevention strategies such as Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design.

Purpose- The World Health Organization describes ‘activities’ as what one does, and ‘participation’ as life situations or roles. This thesis explores and describes important influencers of activities and participation from the perspective of persons with disabilities. It also suggests how to include such information when reporting results of tools measuring activities and participation, so that health professionals working with persons with disabilities might collaborate and communicate more effectively with each other and the people they serve. Method- The World Health Organization framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used. Participants with mobility problems living in the community with their disability for a least 1 year were involved in this mixed methods study to gain a broad understanding of how persons with disabilities perceive and experience factors that affect their general and specific activities and participation. Semi-structured interviews guided by categories contained in two standard measures, the Barthel Index (BI), and the Participation Scale (P-scale) were employed, and grounded theory methods were used. From their responses, relationships between important concepts were used to inform a theoretical model. Upon this framework, relevant important shared factors, derived through combining several methods, were incorporated into reporting tools. Results- 24 participants identified 258 individual factors. Grounded theory analysis resulted in The Successful Adaptation Model, describing relationships amongst factors and activities and participation. For the BI, devices, home modifications, and treatments were most contributory. For the P-scale, personality, community and home accessibility, level of impairment, mobility aids, and transportation were among the most influential factors. Conclusion- This study incorporates perspectives of persons with disability into the Successful Adaptation Model, describing factors affecting activities and participation and their interactions. It also suggests a method of reporting important factors in conjunction with standardized measures of activities and participation. / Thesis (Master, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2007-10-23 15:54:17.836 / Clinical Teachers Association at Queen's University/Southeastern Ontario Academic Medical Association Queen's University Inter-professional Patient-Centred Education Direction

Adolescence marks a time of increased social freedoms and opportunities to participate in new productive and leisure activities. As compared to typically developing high school students, those with intellectual disabilities (ID) can face more barriers to involvement in these activities. This study examined the involvement of high school students with and without ID in productive and leisure activities. Furthermore, it identified factors related to involvement, and it examined students’ satisfaction with their social interactions. Forty-seven typically developing high school students completed in-person interviews, and 45 of the students’ parents completed telephone interviews. Archival data from 63 parents of high school students with ID and 41 students with ID were also used. Students provided information about their satisfaction with social interactions, and, additionally, typically developing students provided information about the productive and leisure activities in which they participated. Parents in both groups provided information about their adolescents’ adaptive functioning and maladaptive behaviour, and parents of students with ID also provided information about the productive and leisure activities in which their adolescent participated. Results showed that typically developing students were more likely to be involved in employment and unstructured leisure activities than students with ID; however, there was no difference in involvement between the two groups for volunteer and structured leisure activities. Adaptive functioning was related to involvement in structured and unstructured leisure activities. Maladaptive behaviour was related to involvement in productive activities. Typically developing adolescents had a greater number of general daily interactions than adolescents with ID, and they were more satisfied with the quality of these interactions than students with ID. There was no difference in the quantity of close personal interactions between the two groups; however, typically developing students were more satisfied with the quality of their close personal interactions than students with ID. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. / Thesis (Master, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-18 14:51:50.134