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The purpose of the study was to investigate and report what representatives of Indiana public high schools have been doing in the areas of fund raising procedures and practices utilized in student extra curricular fund raising activities. A review of related literature was conducted to ascertain research and findings in the area.A questionnaire was developed and field tested through a pilot study sample. The study population consisted of 355 Indiana public high school principals.Principals returned 316 of 355 survey questionnaires. Data obtained from questionnaires were analyzed, summarized, and presented, in narrative form. Tables were developed to report the raw data.Major findings were1. Indiana Law prescribes the financial procedures to be followed in accounting for student activity funds through the utilization of the "Extra Curricular Account."2. Principals are responsible for establishing policy and procedures for fund raising-activities in seventy-four percent of responding schools.3. Fifty-four percent of participating Indiana public high schools do not have an official school board policy governing fund raising activities throughout the school corporation.4. Ninety-nine percent of responding Indiana public high school-student bodies conduct fund raising activities within the school community.5. Principals reported approximately $6,386,494 dollars raised through fund raising activities conducted in participating Indiana public high schools during school year 1980-81.6. Candy sales are the most common fund raising activities utilized by students to raise funds. Major conclusions based upon the findings of the study were:1. Public high school officials in Indiana need fund raising activities to support and maintain student extra curricular activities at the current level of implementation.2. Principals are primarily responsible for direction and supervision of fund raising activities in the high schools3. High school fund raising programs tend to exploit school communities and cause patrons to complain.4. School administrators should re-evaluate fund raising activities and determine the feasibility of each activity.5. General school board policies governing fund raising activities conducted by schools are needed.

Bakgrund Förlust av förmågan att utföra självständig ADL är ett vanligt problem hos äldre i slutenvården. Detta leder till lidande och förlängda vårdtider. För att kunna utveckla omvårdnaden och för att motverka detta behövs ökad insikt om patienternas upplevelser vid minskad ADL-förmåga. Syfte Att beskriva äldre patienter med försämrad ADL-förmågas upplevelser av sin vård gällande utförande av ADL inom slutenvården. Metod Kvalitativ intervjustudie med åtta äldre patienter inneliggande på ett svenskt universitetssjukhus. Resultat Studiedeltagarna upplevde överlag att vården och personalen fungerade bra och att detta förbättrade deras upplevelse av att ha minskat i ADL-förmåga. Studiedeltagarna tyckte det var jobbigt att vara beroende av andra och få hjälp med personlig hygien. Vårdavdelningarnas rutiner och upplevelsen av att personalen var stressad gjorde att studiedeltagarna inte ville vara till besvär och ställa krav. Slutsats Resultaten visar att det finns ett behov av att utveckla ett mer personcentrerat förhållningsätt där riskpatienter identifieras och får möjlighet att vara delaktiga i arbetet för att stärka förmågan till självständigt utförande av ADL. / Background Loss of the ability to independently perform tasks of basic ADL is a common problem in the care of institutionalized elderly. Loss of ADL function is a source of suffering and prolonged institutionalization. It is necessary to effectively counter the risks and develop the care a deeper insight of the experiences from patients with losses in their ADL function. Purpose To describe experiences of performing of ADL in hospital as described by institutionalized elderly with a loss of ADL function. Methods Qualitative interviews with eight elderly patients institutionalized at a Swedish university hospital. Results The participants had in general a positive opinion of the care they received and they felt that it improved the feeling of having lost some ADL function. They felt troubled about being dependent of someone else and getting help with private hygiene on the basis of its personal nature. The routines and the experience of stressed staff made the participants reluctant to make demands or ask for help. Conclusion The results of the study showed that there is a need to develop a person centered approach where patients at risk are identified and given opportunity to participate in the work to strengthen their ability to perform ADL independently.

Education writers and authorities have suggested that student teaching experiences include activities in the extra-classroom environment. No research was found which indicated what effect inclusion of extra-classroom activities has on student teacher satisfaction with student teaching. The major purpose of the study was to determine if a program of selected extra-classroom activities could affect the satisfaction of student teachers.The review of literature emphasized three major areas:1. The value of the student teaching experience in teacher education programs2. The student teacher attitude changes which have resulted from the student teaching experience3. The value of extra-classroom activities in the student teaching experience.

Purpose of study: Examine ASO (soft) and Malleoloc semi-rigid stirrup (SRS) ankle orthosis designs on ankle kinematics during field-sport movements: sprint, one-legged jump, and 45-degree cut. Participants: 13 competitive Ultimate players who regularly wore an ankle orthosis during physical activity. Methods: ASO or Malleoloc orthosis was randomly assigned to each person. Kinematic data were captured while the participants performed several trials for each movement in a motion analysis laboratory. Participants repeated the protocol with the other orthosis. Results: ASO allowed significantly more plantar-flexion during weight acceptance of the planting foot in cutting (p=0.038). In jumping, the Malleoloc allowed significantly more eversion-inversion range during stance (p=0.048) and eversion-inversion angular velocity from midstance to toe-off (p=0.026). Qualitative data also showed a significant preference for ASO. Conclusion: Hypotheses that ankle inversion and eversion would be greater with the ASO; and plantar-flexion and dorsiflexion would be greater with the Malleoloc were refuted.

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