In recent years there has been a visible increase in the relevance of the quality of educational governance in the Lithuanian Education System. The quality of education was the main priority of the second stage in the Educational Reform. The quality of education has also been announced as one of the three main goals in the Lithuanian Education Strategic Development Plan 2003-2012. Today’s school governors encounter constant and rapid changes, which require relevant behaviour, skills, and competence in setting targets and attaining them with the assistance of the teaching staff. The quality of the school activity depends on the influence of the school governor on his or her employees. The purpose of the research is to evaluate whether the nature of governance and organised team work in general schools influence the quality of the instutional activity. Since school is an object of education, it has the right to autonomy and to the possibility to solve independently various tasks regarding its competence. The democratization of school’s interior governance implies it becoming a self – governing body; extension of its rights, duties and responsibilites; implementation of election; democratization of all the relations (between the teacher and the student, between the teacher and competitive administration, between the student and the student; between the teacher and the parents); an increase in financial independence; implementation of novelty... [to full text]

Title: Use of Jr. NBA League programme for the Czech basketball Objectives: The main goal of the thesis is to completely analyze all four seasons of Jr.NBA in Czech Republic and to suggest specific recommendations for organizers. Methods: To achieve the goal of the thesis there were used methods such as primary external data analysis, in-depth interview, online survey, participant observation and SWOT analysis Results: Aspects of communication of the organizational matters and organization of Draft and The Finals are among the strengths of the programme. Weaknesses such as the number of schools and high competitive game requirements for schools participating in the programme are found to be severe. The biggest opportunity of the project is in getting bigger and more intense cooperation of clubs both within the project and in a way of approaching more kids for their youth programmes or after-school activities. Sport events which will be taking place next year or years after can be significantly used for promotion of the project and Czech basketball as well. Possibly the next waves of global pandemic or some other consequences related to Mother Nature can be considered for real threats.

<p> There are three steps in planned learning: motivation, activity, and reinforcement. This project details the problems encountered by t eachers when they attempt to motivate and reinforce student learning. These problems in turn result in an emphasis on the selection of an activity. </p> <p> Of all the factors in motivation, it is proposed that an increase in one of them the willingness to learn will have a greater effect on learning than the choice of an activity, and that this increase can be accomplished by showing the students how the content to be learned can be immediately useful to them. </p> <p> The genetics unit from the grade thirteen biology course is amended in order to illustrate just how a teacher can alter a course to make it more useful to the students and yet still meet any future academic requirements. By having students apply theoretical knowledge to resolve life problems, it is suggested that student willingness to study is enhanced and the overall motivation to learn is significantly increased. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de contribuir e somar às pesquisas na área de ensino de História. Para tanto, propõe-se a apresentar atividades extramuros da escola e refletir sobre elas, sobretudo no que diz respeito a estudos do meio atrelados à disciplina e realizados em circunstâncias escolares na cidade de São Paulo, além de contextualizar suas diferentes intencionalidades, metodologias e relações com parâmetros e orientações curriculares vigentes. Em um segundo momento, a pesquisa propõe um olhar qualitativo sobre tais atividades por meio de experiências de trabalhos de campo em escolas da rede pública e particular de educação básica, com o intuito de visualizar reverberações de práticas passadas no presente e de situá-las e debatêlas em relação a perspectivas maiores concernentes ao ensino, como currículo, protagonismo docente, metodologia de ensino, o processo de mercantilização da educação e sua resistência / This study aims to contribute and add to researches in the field of History Teaching. For this purpose, it proposes to present and reflect about activities that are conducted outside the classroom, especially environmental studies linked to the discipline, performed in school circumstances in São Paulo, and to contextualize their different intentionalities, methodologies and relationships with current curriculum guidelines and parameters. In a second step, the research invites taking a qualitative look at those activities by the way of experiences in the field that took place in public and private basic education schools. The aim is to understand how past practices influenced current practices, and debate them in larger perspectives of education, such as curriculum, protagonism in teaching, teaching methodology, the practice of mercantilism in education and its resistance

Bakgrund: Tidigare studier har visat att barn har sämre styrka i överkropp och bål samt är mindre fysiskt aktiva nu än tidigare, detta skulle kunna medför en ökad hälsorisk framförallt på längre sikt. Syfte: Att undersöka om ett pass med 4 min Tabata intervaller med stabiliserade övningar, varje skoldag under en 6 veckors period gav någon skillnad på de fysiska testerna och gav en ökad stabilitet och styrka hos barn i åldern 7-9 år. Design: Studien genomfördes som en interventionsstudie med en kvantitativ ansats. Metod: 42 barn varav 23 flickor och 19 pojkar i åldern 7-9 år deltog i studien som genomfördes på skoltid i klassrummen. Utöver studiegruppen användes 13 barn som kontrollgrupp de genomförde enbart de fysiska testerna före och efter studien. Resultat: En signifikant ökning av antalet push-up (P&lt;0.05) och push-up (knä)(P&lt;0.05) kunde påvisas efter studien. Konklusion: De fysiska tester som visade signifikanta förbättringar hade liknande övningar inkluderade i Tabatastudien. / Background: Earlier studies have shown that children of today has an decreased strength in the upper body and trunk. They are also less physical active than children have been before, which causes an increased risk for the health in the future. Purpose: To examine if a 4 min Tabata interval session, with stabilizing exercises, every schoolday during a 6 weeks period, made any difference in the physical tests and may cause an increased strength and stability in 7-9 year old children. Design: The study was conducted as an intervention study with a quantitative approach. Method: 42 children aged 7-9 years old, devided into 23 girls and 19 boys participated in the complete study. The study was conducted during classhour and was performed in the classroom. In addition to the study group 13 children where used as a referensgroup and was only tested in the physical tests before and after the study. Result: A significant increase number of the push-ups and push-up (knee) was shown after the study. Conclusion: All of the physical tests that showed a significant increase had a similar exercise included in the Tabata study.

A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de contribuir e somar às pesquisas na área de ensino de História. Para tanto, propõe-se a apresentar atividades extramuros da escola e refletir sobre elas, sobretudo no que diz respeito a estudos do meio atrelados à disciplina e realizados em circunstâncias escolares na cidade de São Paulo, além de contextualizar suas diferentes intencionalidades, metodologias e relações com parâmetros e orientações curriculares vigentes. Em um segundo momento, a pesquisa propõe um olhar qualitativo sobre tais atividades por meio de experiências de trabalhos de campo em escolas da rede pública e particular de educação básica, com o intuito de visualizar reverberações de práticas passadas no presente e de situá-las e debatêlas em relação a perspectivas maiores concernentes ao ensino, como currículo, protagonismo docente, metodologia de ensino, o processo de mercantilização da educação e sua resistência / This study aims to contribute and add to researches in the field of History Teaching. For this purpose, it proposes to present and reflect about activities that are conducted outside the classroom, especially environmental studies linked to the discipline, performed in school circumstances in São Paulo, and to contextualize their different intentionalities, methodologies and relationships with current curriculum guidelines and parameters. In a second step, the research invites taking a qualitative look at those activities by the way of experiences in the field that took place in public and private basic education schools. The aim is to understand how past practices influenced current practices, and debate them in larger perspectives of education, such as curriculum, protagonism in teaching, teaching methodology, the practice of mercantilism in education and its resistance

Bakgrund: Barn och ungdomar rör på sig allt mindre vilket medför negativa hälsokonsekvenser både fysiskt och psykiskt. Denna population spenderar stor del av dagarna i skolan vilket ger idrottsläraren en viktig roll i att främja fysisk aktivitet hos eleverna. Det är därför av intresse att undersöka möjligheterna till främjande av fysisk aktivitet i skolan. Detta genom att bland annat ta reda på ifall det finns behov av ytterligare resurser eller kompletterande kompetens, exempelvis i form av fysioterapi.  Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka idrottslärares uppfattningar och erfarenheter av hur skolan kan främja fysisk aktivitet hos elever som är fysiskt inaktiva eller har särskilda behov, samt vilka möjligheter och begränsningar de upplever i sitt arbete på både grupp- och individnivå. Metod: Studien var av kvalitativ design och baserades på fem digitala semistrukturerade intervjuer. Datan analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Resultatet kunde sammanställas i de fyra huvudkategorierna Idrott och hälsa ska främja fysisk aktivitet, Skolan påverkar idrottslärarens möjligheter, Ytterligare resurser behövs för att främja fysisk aktivitet, och Kompletterande kompetens efterfrågas i idrottsundervisningen. Samtliga idrottslärare ville bidra till att öka den fysiska aktivitetsnivån och intresset för fysisk aktivitet hos eleverna. I stort uttryckte de sig klara av att tillfredsställa elevernas behov men det förekom även begränsande faktorer. Slutsats: Ytterligare resurser och kompetens i skolan upplevdes kunna gynna möjligheterna att främja fysisk aktivitet för alla elever, både på individ- och gruppnivå. En fysioterapeut lyftes som förslag för att kunna komplettera elevhälsan, men hur det skulle appliceras i praktiken kräver mer forskning. / Background: The level of physical activity in children and youth is decreasing which contributes to negative health consequences both physically and mentally. This population spends a big part of their day in school which gives the teachers in physical education an important role in facilitating the students physical activity level. Consequently, it is of interest to investigate the possibilities in encouraging physical activity in school. This by, among other things, looking into if there is a need for additional resources or supplementary competence, for example in the form of physiotherapy. Aim: The studies’ purpose was to investigate the experiences and perception on how a school can facilitate physical activity in inactive or special needs students, from the perspective of teachers in physical education. The study also aimed to explore the possibilities and limitations the teachers experienced in their job on group and individual level. Method: The study was of qualitative design and was based on five digital semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Result: The result could be compiled in the four main categories Physical education should promote physical activity, The school affects the physical education teacher's opportunities, Additional resources are needed to facilitate physical activity, and Supplementary competence is required in physical education. All physical education teachers wanted to contribute to increasing the level of physical activity and the students’ interest in physical activity. In general they were able to satisfy the students' needs, but there were also limiting factors. Conclusion: Additional competence and resources in school seem to have benefited the opportunities to facilitate physical activity for all students, both on individual and group level. A physiotherapist was suggested to be able to supplement student health, but how it would work in practice requires more research.

Bakgrund: Samband mellan motorisk utveckling, fysisk aktivitet och lärande finns väl dokumenterade. Processer för att utveckla implementeringen av fysisk aktivitet i skolan har påbörjats bland annat genom fysioterapi som en del av elevhälsan, ett relativt nytt verksamhetsområde. För fysioterapeuter innebär detta en etableringsprocess där samverkan i nya teamkonstellationer utvecklas. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur skolfysioterapeuter upplever sin professionella roll och teamarbetet inom elevhälsan. Metod: Tre semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes via zoom eller telefon med skolfysioterapeuter som arbetade inom elevhälsan. Intervjuerna spelades in och materialet transkriberades för att sedan analyseras med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim &amp; Lundman. Resultat: Studien resulterade i att tre kategorier kunde identifieras: Att samarbeta och vara spindeln i nätet,  Att utveckla och vara en ny kompetens på skolan, och Att förhålla sig till ett delat fokus på hälsa kontra prestation i skolan. Dessa kategorier delades även in i underkategorier. Studien visade att skolfysioterapeuterna upplevde att de spelade en viktig roll på skolan genom att bidra med en kompletterande, fysioterapeutisk syn på hälsa. Att implementera sina perspektiv på hälsa i skolan var dock en utmaning där skolans fokus ofta ligger på prestation. Informanterna hade till stor del själva fått utforma sin yrkesroll vilket varit både en möjlighet och en utmaning. Slutsats: Fysioterapeuter kan bidra med en kompletterande syn på hälsa i skolan och en ökad styrning från högre instanser krävs för att överkomma utmaningarna och för utveckling av verksamhetsområdet. / Introduction: The relationship between motor development, physical activity and academic achievement is well documented. Processes for developing the implementation of physical activity in schools have begun through physiotherapy, among other areas, as part of school based healthcare. This is a relatively new area of focus within the profession. For physiotherapists, this involves establishing a new professional role and developing interprofessional working relationships. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate school physiotherapists experiences of their role and teamwork within school based healthcare. Method: Three semi-structured interviews were conducted via zoom or telephone with school physiotherapists working within student healthcare. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and the data analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Results: Three categories were identified: To cooperate and be “the person at the heart of things”, To develop and to have a new professional role in school, and To relate to a shared focus of health versus academic achievement in school.  These categories were further specified into subcategories. The subjects felt they played an important role in the school by providing a complementary, physiotherapeutic perspective on health. However, the schools focus on performance was perceived to be a challenge when implementing their views on health. The subjects were able to form the role themselves to a large extent which was deemed a challenge and an opportunity. Conclusions: Physiotherapists contribute a complementary perspective on health within schools. An increased involvement from governing bodies is required to overcome challenges and for development in the field.