Na tentativa de compreender como os saberes são desenvolvidos nas práticas de um grupo em um hackerspace, este estudo parte da perspectiva da aprendizagem baseada em práticas pelo viés da abordagem teórico-metodológica da teoria atorrede para acompanhar a realização das atividades cotidianas de um coletivo em um hackerspace. Sem definições prévias estabelecidas acerca do conceito de hackerspace, o estudo tem como objetivo compreender como os saberes são desenvolvidos nas práticas de um grupo, em um hackerspace, e como são enactados pelas relações entre os diversos elementos heterogêneos da rede. Para isso, foi necessário, além da análise das práticas predominantes no cotidiano do coletivo, identificar e descrever – considerando humanos e não humanos de forma simétrica – como os processos de aprendizagem são engendrados nessas práticas, passando a constituir saberes. A fim de viabilizar a pesquisa, desenvolveu-se um estudo, orientado pela teoria ator-rede como método e lente de análise, entre os meses de dezembro de 2013 e setembro de 2014, em um hackerspace localizado em Porto Alegre, RS. Com o propósito de alcançar os objetivos formulados nesse trabalho, são descritas e analisadas as principais práticas predominantes na organização pesquisada e seus processos de aprendizagem, revelando que práticas, saberes e aprendizagem coexistem e se encontram imbricadas no constante organizar do coletivo. A incompletude de ser e as hibridizações enactadas nas práticas são discutidas posteriormente e denotam a agência dos não humanos, oriunda de arranjos momentaneamente estabelecidos entre os actantes da rede. A pesquisa revelou a complexidade dos saberes, que se encontram vinculados a um conjunto de práticas conectadas, uma vez que são constituídos por elas, ao mesmo tempo em que as constituem, sendo engendrados nas relações heterogêneas da rede. / In order to understand how the knowledge is developed in the practices of a hackerspace group, this research proceeds from the learning perspective of practices based on the theoretical and methodological approach of the actor-network theory bias to monitor daily activities of a collective in a hackerspace. Without previous definition of the concept of hackerspace, this study objective is to comprehend how the knowledge is developed in a group, in a hackerspace, and how it is accomplished by the relationship between the various heterogeneous network elements. For this, it was necessary, in addition to analyze the current practices in the daily life of the group, identify and describe – considering symmetrically humans and nonhumans – how the learning processes are fomented in these practices and built into knowledge. In order to accredit the research, a study was developed, based on the actor-network theory as the method of the analysis, from December 2013 to September 2014, in a hackerspace located in Porto Alegre, RS. With the purpose to achieve the goals of this research, the key practices and learning processes of the studied organization are described and analyzed, revealing that practice, knowledge and learning are intertwined and coexist in the group. The incompleteness of being and the hybridizations accomplished in the practices are discussed posteriorly and denote the agency of nonhumans, emerged from momentaneous arrangements established among the actants of the network. The study reveals the complexity of knowledge, which is linked to a group of practices, as it is constituted by them and in the same time it constitutes them, being engendered in the heterogeneous relations of the network.

Orientador: Maria Conceição da Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T12:01:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fujiyoshi_SilviaHiromi_M.pdf: 1819670 bytes, checksum: 914ae296541ed768e7c9bd7e7e544269 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisou a imagem que a imprensa brasileira apresenta sobre as disputas de interesses dos diversos atores envolvidos na exploração da biodiversidade na Amazônia. Para tanto, foram analisadas 165 matérias jornalísticas relacionadas às áreas de bioprospecção e biotecnologia, publicadas no período de 2000 a 2003, nos jornais Folha de S. Paulo, representando a cobertura de prestígio nacional, e O Liberal, sediado em Belém, capital do Estado do Pará, representando a cobertura de prestígio regional. A proposta foi não apenas obter um panorama quantitativo e qualitativo da presença de assuntos relacionados à bioprospecção e à biotecnologia nesses jornais, mas, também, realizar uma análise geral dos argumentos dos atores que compareceram na mídia. Foram consideradas diversas variáveis para obter um panorama da cobertura jornalística sobre o tema, e análises detalhadas compõem três dossiês sobre assuntos relevantes que evidenciam os diferentes argumentos dos atores envolvidos nas disputas colocadas em público pela imprensa: 1) a polêmica sobre o acordo entre a organização social Bioamazônia e a multinacional suíça Novartis para desenvolver pesquisas de bioprospecção na Amazônia; 2) o debate sobre o registro da marca ¿cupuaçu¿ e o requerimento da patente do processo de fabricação do cupulate pela empresa japonesa Asahi Foods; e 3) abordagens sobre estudos de bioprospecção e a biopirataria na região amazônica. Esta dissertação apresenta a imprensa, então, como o cenário onde os atores comparecem e expõem seus argumentos ao público. Sob a perspectiva da construção social do que se torna conhecido como ¿fato¿, a proposta é revelar a interação entre esses diversos atores e a própria imprensa. Os jornais foram considerados neste trabalho como cenário e, também, como atores que participam das controvérsias. A imprensa foi o lugar onde os atores compareceram, ganharam espaço e voz, argumentando em favor de seus interesses específicos e moldando o que veio a ser conhecido como a exploração da biodiversidade na Amazônia. Com isso, esta pesquisa pretende contribuir com reflexões sobre a imagem e os valores apresentados nos jornais sobre os temas bioprospecção e biotecnologia na Amazônia, considerando suas possíveis influências sobre a opinião pública e o direcionamento da política científica e tecnológica do país / Abstract: This research analysed the image featured by the Brazilian press about the conflict of interests between several actors involved in the Amazonia biodiversity exploration. In order to do so, 165 articles related to bioprospection and biotechnology areas were analysed, covering from 2000 to 2003, in the newspapers Folha de S. Paulo, representing the national coverage, and O Liberal, based in Belém, Pará State capital, representing the regional coverage. The purpose is not only to get a quantitative and qualitative approach about the themes related to bioprospection and biotechnology in these newspapers, but also draw a general analysis about the arguments of the actors wich took part of the media. Many variables were considered to get an approach focused in the journalist coverage about these subjects, and detailed analysis compose three dossies about relevant subjects that show clearly the different arguments of the actors involved in the disputes issued by the press: 1) the controversy related to the partnership between Bioamazonia, a social organization, and Swiss multinational enterprise Novartis, to develop researches about bioprospection in Amazonia; 2) the debate about the property rights of the ¿cupuaçu¿ trademark and the patent of the cupulate production process application by the Japanese company Asahi Foods; and 3) approaches of bioprospection studies and biopiracy in Amazon region. Therefore, this dissertation features the press as the scene where the actors appear and present their arguments to the public. According to the perspective of the social construction of the ¿fact¿, the purpose is to reveal the interaction among these many actors and the press itself. In this work, the newspapers are considered as a scene and, at the same time, as actors who take active part of the controversies. The press is the place where actors appear, get space and give voice to their specific interests and shaping what is known as the Amazonia biodiversity exploration. In this sense, this research intends to contribute with reflections regarding to the images and the values presented by the newspapers about the themes bioprotection and biotechnology, considering their possible influences on the shapping of public opinion and on the direction of the Brazilian scientific and technological policy / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Desde meados dos anos 1960 novos temas tornaram-se cada vez mais caros a sociedade de forma global. Dentre esses temas, o relacionamento entre as ações humanas com o meio ambiente passou a ser visto e discutido nos mais diferentes setores da sociedade, o que fez formatar uma nova dimensão de desenvolvimento, que abarcasse outras variáveis além do crescimento econômico, tais como as advindas da área social e ambiental (SACHS, 2009a e 2009b; VEIGA, 2010). Apesar disso, as discussões acadêmicas levantam o fato de que tal termo carece de um quadro conciso de significados, adquirindo um caráter pluridimensional. Dentre deste debate, o Brasil e sua proeminência de caráter mundial no setor de produção de combustíveis alternativos, se constrói enquanto a base desta pesquisa, que teve como propósito tecer relações mais sólidas entre estes dois temas, especificamente, a sustentabilidade e o etanol de cana-deaçúcar. Para isso, procurou-se entender quais são as traduções de sustentabilidade no setor sucroenergético, ou seja, de que forma o tema da sustentabilidade está sendo estrategicamente definido pelos atores que se relacionam de forma direta com o etanol de cana-de-açúcar, e assim realizar um cruzamento com os principais aspectos de sustentabilidade presentes na literatura sobre a questão. Para a consecução dos objetivos foi utilizada a Teoria Ator-Rede como ferramenta metodológica. Nesse sentido, a sustentabilidade se encaixou como o ator principal da pesquisa, pois causa transformações nos mais diversos atores aos quais se associa. Os resultados se destacam pelo fato de que a interdisciplinaridade é incipiente no setor, muito devido às falhas e dificuldades na divulgação de informação e dados e à baixa participação dos diferentes setores nas discussões. Uma das consequências do pouco diálogo entre as áreas se encontra no fato de que o setor traduz a sustentabilidade baseada na abordagem chamada de Tripé da Sustentabilidade. Nesse sentido, a visão mais integrativa, tão importante para este tema, perde relevância, havendo ênfase prático e teórico para uma das três dimensões da abordagem, qual seja, a econômica, que é operacionalizada através de investimentos em inovações tecnológicas. Apesar desta contestação, para o setor tal carência de paradigmas integrativos se assinala de forma negativa. Para que um estado mais desejável deste setor seja alcançado é fundamental que o seu estado atual seja aclarado em seus meandros, permitindo a formulação de ferramentas de sustentabilidade. / Since the mid-1960s new themes have become increasingly matters of concern in global society. Among these subjects, the relation between human actions with the environment came to be seen and discussed in many different sectors of society, which arranged a new dimension of development that would encompass other variables than economic growth, such as those regarding social and environmental areas (Sachs, 2009a and 2009b; Veiga, 2010). Nevertheless, academic discussions highlight the fact that this term lacks a concise framework of meanings, what acquires a multidimensional characteristic. Within this debate, the prominence of Brazil in the production of alternative fuels builds the basis of this research, which aimed to weave stronger relations between these two issues, specifically, sustainability and sugarcane ethanol. Thus, this dissertation tried to understand what are the translations of sustainability in sugarcane industry, ie how the topic of sustainability is being strategically defined by the actors that relate directly to the sugarcane ethanol and, therefore, achieve a junction between this and the main aspects of sustainability in the literature on the issue. To achieve the goals, Actor-Network Theory has been used as a methodological tool. In this sense, sustainability is embedded as the main actor of the research, because it causes changes in several actors to which it associates. The resultsemphasise the fact that interdisciplinarity is incipient in the sector, largely due to failures and difficulties in disseminating information and data and the low participation of different sectors in the discussions. One consequence of the lack of dialogue between the areas is the fact that the sector translates sustainability based approach called Triple Botton Line. In this sense, a more integrative susteinability view loses relevance, as it\'s clear a practical and theoretical emphasis in one of the three dimensions of the approach, namely, the economic, which is operationalized through investments in technological innovations. Despite this challenge the sugarcane sector itself, points this lack of integrative paradgms in a negative way. For a more desirable state of this sector , it is essential that your current state is cleared in its intricacies, allowing the formulation of sustainability tools.

This thesis is a case study which looks at the creation of two theatre productions. Using the literature of Actor-Network Theory as a methodological provocation, it analyses the processes by which networks of actors created these theatre pieces with particular attention to where agency was observed. Through data gathered through observing material interactions, the thesis develops the concept of the (play)text: an object that is an expression of the ideas of the text, but is not the text itself – rather, a bricolage of ‘translations' of a piece of written and rehearsed work bound together by time and combined action. Conceiving of the eventual product – the (play)text in performance – as an example of the ANT concept of an agencement, a network of different people and objects working together to maintain a stable construction, but one which perpetually refines and redefines each of its component parts – this thesis proposes that the (play)text is an example of a dynamic and fractional artistic object, stabilised only briefly in the moments of its performance. Examining the theatre production process in this way contributes to ANT literature by providing specific examples of an artistic object created materially and agentively; it also highlights the limitations of the ways in which theatre has been used as a metaphor within Organisation Studies. Finally, it contributes to work on process change in showing an object which is, though it appears constantly improvisational and changing in its form, stabilised by material interactions.

This thesis is an inquiry into possibilities and problems of a sociology of translation. Beginning with a recognition that actor network theory represents a sociological account of social life premised upon on recognition of multiple ontologies, interruptions and translations, the thesis proceeds to examine problems of interpretation and representation inherent in these accounts. Tensions between sociological interpretation and social life as lived are examined by comparing representation of nonhuman agency in both an actor-network and a science fiction study of doors. The power identified in each approach varies from point making to lying. A case is made for considering fictional storytelling as sociology and hence, the sociological value of lying. It is by close examination of a fictional story that this study aims to contribute to a sociology of translation. The greater part of the thesis comprises an ethnographic study of a televised children's story. Methodological issues in ethnography are addressed and a case is made for a complicit and multi-site ethnography of story. The ethnography is represented in two particular forms. Firstly, and unusually, story is treated as a Storyworld available for ethnographic study. An actor network ethnography of this Storyworld reveals sociologically useful similarities and differences between fictional Storyworld and contemporary, social life. Secondly, story is taken as a product, a broadcast television series of six programmes. An ethnography of story production is undertaken that focuses attention on production performances, hidden storytellers and politics of authorship. Story is revealed as an unfinished project. A prominent aspect of this thesis is a recognition that fictional storytelling both liberates and constrains story possibilities. This thesis concludes that, in addressing critically important tensions in sociological representation, fictional stories should be included in sociological literature as studies in their own right.

This thesis aims to focus on relational controversy about the causes behind the inconsistency in number of students who use a Web 2.0 application named "LibGuide" inside the Linnaeus University and the attempts of program coordinator to develop certain strategies to perform a better use of it in a particular department of Healthcare. The nature of the problem will be discussed, suggesting that how the these strategies maintained a high significant of use in that department. The research foregoes, as it uses a process of translation which are the moments of struggles by a program coordinator to impose itself by its role to the definition of the situation. The research suggests a network within which the series of processes and interrelation of the sociotechnical role of each member is drawn and allocated.

Abstrakt   Tv-branschen är en jätteindustri som styrs av ett fåtal stora sändningsnätverk. I Sverige är den största distributören Sveriges Television (SVT) och på grund av detta så är sannolikheten att personer som arbetar inom ljud i Sverige någon gång kommer att arbeta på projekt för dem väldigt hög. I min uppsats har jag utfört en Actor Network-analys av empiriska studier jag utfört på postproduktionsbolaget Europa Sound and Vision. Med hjälp av analysen vill jag undersöka vad begreppet ”god hörbarhet” består av och därmed kunna definiera uttrycket tydligare. Jag jämför sedan SVTs syn på hörbarhet med den jag fått fram genom dessa studier för att till slut ändra på den nuvarande synen och på det regelverk SVT har. / Abstract The television industry is a huge industry that is governed by a few big broadcasting networks. The biggest distributer and producer of television in Sweden is Sveriges Television (SVT) and everyone working with sound will, more likely than not, work for them in a project. In this study I’ve analyzed the results of two months of empirical work, I’ve identified the actors that make up the network “God hörbarhet” (good audibility) and the reason this is interesting is for determining a more solid definition for the term “good audibility”. I’ve then put this more solid definition up against SVT’s loose definition, this only to expand on their current system and delivery specifications.

Nous présenterons dans le cadre de cette thèse les résultats d’une étude qualitative basée sur deux logiciels (HôpitalManager et CURSUS 3), implantés à la clinique La Sagesse de Rennes ; étude qui a pour objectif, de souligner les enjeuxcommunicationnels que pose ces outils dans les pratiques cliniques. Ces outils sont considérés aujourd’hui comme des dispositifs de modernisation, de rationalisation, de changementdes pratiques, et des interactions entre le patient, le médecin et les dispensateurs de soins. Ainsi, notre objectif est donc demontrer qu’en plus des enjeux techniques, managériaux, politiques et économiques qui sont identifiés par de nombreuxchercheurs, il existe des défis en termes de communication.Les interrogations que nous soulèverons du point de vue de la recherche en Science de l’Information et de la Communication, autour de ces processus de rationalisation, s’inscriront dans une problématique de changementorganisationnel, de circulation d’information ou encore de normalisation des pratiques professionnelles. Dans cespréoccupations, la technologie déduit tout son raisonnement à partir d’une seule prémisse, celle de la performativité dans les organisations. Ce que nous retenons des travaux d’Orlikowski, réside dans le fait que ce qui compte pour évaluer l’efficacité et la performance d’une technologie n’est pas l’artefact technologique, mais c’est la technologie en pratique(Orlikowski, 2000). Ainsi, notre objectif est de montrer que le discours médico-intégratif, est un énoncé performatif quirepose sur des modalités de communication / We present in this thesis the results of a qualitative study based on two programs (Hopital Manager and CURSUS 3),located at the clinic La Sagesse of Rennes; this study aims to emphasize the communicative challenges posed by thesetools in clinical practice.Those tools are now considered as devices for modernization, rationalization, change of practices, and interactions between the patient, the doctor and caregivers. Thus, our goal is to show that in addition to technical issues, managerial, political and economic factors that are identified by many researchers, they are also challenges in terms of communication.The questions we will raise, from the point of view of research in Information Sciences and Communication, deal with rationalization process, and will be part of an issue related to organizational change, information traffic or standardization practices. Considering these concerns, technology deduces any reasoning from one premise, the one of performativity in organizations. What we choose to select in Orlikowski’s work has to do with the fact that what matters, in order to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of technology, is not technological artifact, but technologies in practice (Orlikowski, 2000). Thus, our goal is to show that the integrative medical discourse is a performative utterance based on communication patterns

BACKGROUND. Researcher have identified a relevance for profit-seeking new ventures to implement “Business Sustainability 3.0” standards in order to face current social and environmental challenges, like scarcity of resources. Research, moreover, suggest that new ventures would me more open to implementing the standards of “Business Sustainability 3.0”. The authors of this thesis initiate this field of research in the context of a new venture in the form of a single case study. PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to explore the implementation process of “Business Sustainability 3.0” standards in a new venture. The aim is to identify challenges in the implementation process and how they can be approached by new ventures. METHODOLOGY. The implementation process of “Business Sustainability 3.0” standards was researched based on a single case study in a new venture striving to achieve the standards. The authors conducted a semi-structure interview with a sustainability manager within the company. The empirical data was analyzed based on the translation process of the Actor-Network Theory. RESULTS. The authors conclude that a new venture cope with “Business Sustainability 3.0” by making use of being a new venture founded with a specific purpose and by addressing challenges that appear during the implementation process. Two measures are suggested to support addressing these challenges: striving for transparency and internalizing the standards for the company’s compartments. The Actor-Network translation process is considered to be a suitable method when analyzing the integration process of “Business Sustainability 3.0”.

Within the discipline of early childhood education research, the present study will focus on the Swedish preschool curriculum text, using a sociomaterial approach offered by Actor-network theory (ANT). The study adopts ethnographic methods, foremost participant observations in a preschool, to generate knowledge of how the curriculum text comes to act through moments in the everyday preschool work. The doctoral thesis consists of three research papers. Research paper I explores the delayed access to the field through the occurrence of a water leak. Through the focus on the value of breakdowns in ANT, the water leak becomes an empirical event where the researcher is allowed to learn about the mundane objects and practices making a preschool work, such as schedules and lists. Research paper II reports on the case of the curriculum concept of children´s interests (Moberg, 2017). Here, empirical moments are highlighted where the curriculum concept of children´s interests is defined and made to act by children and materialities. Finally, research paper III (Moberg, in press) reports on the case of an evaluation meeting where an evaluation text is to be produced. Here, the curriculum text is highlighted as vulnerable in its inability of embracing pedagogical dilemmas and ambivalence in the preschool everyday work. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 3: Accepted.</p>