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Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención Eléctrica / En esta Tesis se presentan estrategias de Control Adaptable por Modelo de Referencia de orden entero y de orden fraccionario, aplicados a los Reguladores Automáticos de Voltaje utilizados en sistemas eléctricos de potencia. El documento se enfoca en la sintonización de las ganancias y órdenes de derivación de las leyes ajuste de ambos esquemas de control, asociados a la minimización de funciones objetivo no lineales y de alta dimensionalidad, mediante el uso de tres técnicas a mencionar; Programación Cuadrática Secuencial, Optimización por Enjambre de Partículas y Algoritmos Genéticos. Se estudian dos modelos comúnmente usados en el estudio de Reguladores Automáticos de Voltaje, que son los que se reportan en la literatura técnica. Estos modelos establecen los tres casos de estudio analizados en este documento. Finalmente, con el objetivo de analizar las ventajas y desventajas del controlador adaptable por modelo de referencia se realizan comparaciones con los resultados encontrados en la literatura, en particular con la técnica de control PID de orden entero y de orden fraccionario. Por otro lado, también se realizan comparaciones entre algoritmos de optimización para demostrar, mediante algunos índices de rendimiento, que los controladores de orden fraccionario con parámetros optimizados por la técnica de Optimización por Enjambre de Partículas, entrega mejores resultados en términos de robustez frente a variaciones paramétricas del modelo de la planta y mejoras en relación a la velocidad de convergencia de las señales a los valores de referencia del sistema de potencia.

Context-aware computing requires software that can adapt to changes in context. When contextual circumstances trigger multiple adaptations, software must also understand the relationships between these adaptations and react according to the rules governing these relationships. Adaptable software needs a means to establish and interpret these rules in order to avoid any undesirable and potentially catastrophic conflicts. This dissertation designs and implements the Adaptation Rules Management API (ArmAPI). ArmAPI has been demonstrated to work with a Context-Oriented Programming variation for Java called ContextJ* to execute conflict-free adaptations in two software applications. ArmAPI allows programmers to define relationship types between adaptations, and transfers these definitions to Prolog facts and rules. The Prolog engine, encapsulated within ArmAPI, then works with imperative algorithms to determine the appropriate adaptations to execute based on the current set of facts, rules, and contextual circumstances. Context represents all of the conditions for all of the entities known to an observing device. In any environment, context represents a large amount of data that can influence a multitude of conflicting adaptations. This research provides an incremental step towards overcoming the problem of adaptation conflict by constructing an API that considers the relationship types of inclusion, exclusion, ordering, conditional dependency, and independence. The API has been validated via two prototypes that provide typical scenarios.

The subject of this bachelor thesis is the design of the spatially adaptable 3D printer for Contour Crafting. Aiming to apply megascale aditive technology in a field of construction industry.

The thesis deals with a complex reconstruction of the existing building of barracks, so-called brownfield, which is not used and maintained for a long time. The reconstructed building is determined to be a residential building designated for the target population of advanced age, where the housing units meet the construction and technical parameters for an adaptable apartment according to the public notice no. 398/2009 Coll. on general technical requirements ensuring barrier-free use of buildings.

Classroom lighting has been installed in the same way since the 1960s, in straight lines offluorescent tubes, even if the teaching values have changed remarkably. There is a need for knowledge exchange that bridges lighting design theory and pedagogy and studies on how the current situation impacts education. Furthermore, there are few studies on new ways of illuminating classrooms. This thesis explores two case studies: one standard classroom built in the 1960s and a classroom redesigned in 2020 with adaptable lighting. The two case studies are used to derive a design concept that can be installed in any standard classroom. Moreover, during the autumn and winter in Sweden, electric light is crucial to support circadian rhythms, and there is a need for adaptability and change throughout the day.

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[pt] É importante investigar formas de aumentar a eficiência de gráficos de controle estatístico de processos por atributos, porque o controle por atributos tipicamente exige tamanhos de amostra muito grandes para se obter um tempo rápido de sinalização de desvios no processo, e estes tamanhos de amostra podem ser altamente indesejáveis ou mesmo inviáveis em diversas situações práticas. Os esquemas adaptativos, que consistem em variar um ou mais dos parâmetros do gráfico de controle (tamanho de amostra, intervalo de tempo entre amostras e abertura dos limites de controle) de acordo com a informação precedente fornecida pelo gráfico (isto é, de acordo com a posição do último ponto registrado), proporcionam, para a detecção de desvios pequenos a moderados no processo, uma melhor eficiência que os esquemas tradicionais, de parâmetros fixos. Enquanto que esquemas adaptativos têm sido propostos para gráficos de controle por variáveis, para gráficos por atributos - apesar da necessidade e oportunidade acima mencionada de investigar formas de aumentar a eficiência de gráficos de controle estatístico de processos por atributos - há uma lacuna na literatura, a ser preenchida. Esta é a motivação do presente trabalho, que propõe um esquema adaptativo para gráficos decontrole por atributos, aplicável tanto a gráficos de np como de c, variando todos os parâmetros do gráfico. Desenvolve-se o modelo matemático para cálculo das medidas de desempenho; este modelo foi implementado em uma planilha eletrônica, o que permitiu analisar quantitativamente o desempenho do esquema em uma larga gama de casos, comparando-o ainda com o desempenho de gráficos tradicionais (com parâmetros fixos), e com o de outros esquemas adaptativos, com menor número de parâmetros variando. O esquema proposto mostrou-se sensivelmente mais eficiente na maioria das situações de interesse, respondendo portanto à necessidade, que motivou o trabalho, de buscar formas de aumentar a eficiência de gráficos por atributos. Resultados adicionais do trabalho são: a identificação das situações em que cada esquema é mais eficiente (ou do esquema mais eficiente em cada situação) e conjuntos de valores recomendados para os parâmetros dos gráficos em cada situação. Estes resultados facilitam a operacionalização da ferramenta para uso na prática. / [en] It is important to investigate ways to improve the efficiency of the statistical control charts for attributes, because the controls for attributes typically require very large sample sizes for quick detection of changes in the process, and these sample sizes can be extremely undesirable or eventually unfeasible in many practical situations. The adaptive schemes, which vary one or more parameters of the control charts (sample size, sampling interval and control limit width) according to the most recent information about the process (the position of the last sample point in the chart), were proven to be more efficient than the traditional (fixed parameters) scheme in detecting small to moderate changes in the process. Although there is a large volume of work on adaptive schemes applied to variables control charts, there is a lack of adaptive schemes for control charts for attributes in the literature, despite the already mentioned need and opportunity of investigating ways to improve the efficiency of the statistical control charts for attributes. This is the motivation of this work. A fully adaptive scheme is proposed for both np and charts. The mathematical model is developed for the measures of performance; this model was implemented in a spreadsheet, and used for the quantitative evaluation of the scheme efficiency, and comparison with the fixed-parameter (traditional) scheme and also with other adaptive schemes, with only one or two parameters variable. The proposed scheme proved to be significantly more efficient in the majority of the situations of interest, answering the necessity of finding ways to improve the efficiency of control charts for attributes. Additional results of this work are: the identification of the situations in which each of the schemes here analyzed is the most efficient (or, the other way around: indication of the most efficient scheme for each situation), and a set of recommended values for the design parameters for each scheme, in each situation. These results are meant to make easier the adoption of the scheme in practice, increasing thereby its usefulness. / [es] El desarrollo de técnicas que aumenten la eficiencia de gráficos de control estadístico de procesos por atributos tiene gran importancia porque el control por atributos típicamente exige tamaños de muestra muy grandes para obtener un tiempo rápido de señalización de desvíos en el proceso. En diversas situaciones prácticas estos tamaños de muestra pueden ser altamente indeseables o incluso inviables. Los esquemas adaptativos, que consisten en variar uno o más parámetros del gráfico de control (tamaño de muestra, intervalo de tiempo entre muestras y abertura de los límites de control) de acuerdo con la información precedente ofrecida por el gráfico (esto es, de acuerdo con la posición del último punto registrado), proporcionan, para la detección de desvíos pequeños a moderados, una mayor eficiencia que los esquemas tradicionales, de parámetros fijos. Mientras que los esquemas adaptativos han sido propuestos para gráficos de control por variables, para gráficos por atributos - a pesar de la necesidad y oportunidad mencionada de investigar formas de aumentar la eficiencia de gráficos de control estadístico de procesos por atributos - no existen muchas referencias en la literatura. Esta es la motivación del presente trabajo, que propone un esquema adaptativo para gráficos de control por atributos, aplicable tanto a gráficos de np como de c, variando todos los parámetros del gráfico. Se desarrolla el modelo matemático para el cálculo de las medidas de desempeño; este modelo fue implementado en una planilla electrónica, que permitió analizar cuantitativamente el desempeño del esquema en una amplia gama de casos, comparando con el desempeño de gráficos tradicionales (con parámetros fijos), y con el de otros esquemas adaptativos, con menor número de parámetros variando. El esquema propuesto se mostró sensiblemente más eficiente en la mayoría de las situaciones de interés que motivaron el trabajo. Resultados adicionales del trabajo son: la identificación de las situaciones en que cada esquema es más eficiente (o del esquema más eficiente en cada situación) y conjuntos de valores recomendados para los parámetros de los gráficos en cada situación. Estos resultados facilitan la operacionalización de la ferramenta para uso en la práctica.

Oil is a finite resource; This much has been established as fact and is commonly agreed upon. We will, some day, find our supplies depleted. The question that remains hotly debated, however, is when this will happen and what impacts it will have on our modern lives. Estimates and forecasts abound, but still no one can answer these questions definitively. As fossil fuels, the energy behind virtually every aspect of our lives, become scarce, our patterns of growth will face a reckoning. We will be forced to adapt and adjust; either shifting our energy demand to more renewable sources, or reducing it by significant amounts. Although there are a plethora of what-if scenarios when predicting the effects of an end to oil, it’s easy to recognize that the peak oil crisis will significantly impact our lives. It will change how we live them and, by extension, where and how we construct our buildings. So what does this mean for buildings - one of the country’s largest consumers of energy? This thesis proposes that a theory of adaptability, when applied properly to the design and construction process, can begin to equip our building to handle the range of possible outcomes that an energy-poor future poses. This thesis also aims to address, in the broadest of terms, how our current approach to design could lead to significant issues in a post-oil, energy hungry world. It does so by encouraging a more holistic approach to problem solving and building design, while outlining how the values of cost efficiency and speed have polarized global construction techniques.

Many digital logic applications can take advantage of the reconfiguration capability of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to dynamically patch design flaws, recover from faults, or time-multiplex between functions. Partial reconfiguration is the process by which a user modifies one or more modules residing on the FPGA device independently of the others. Partial Reconfiguration reduces the granularity of reconfiguration to be a set of columns or rectangular region of the device. Decreasing the granularity of reconfiguration results in reduced configuration filesizes and, thus, reduced configuration times. When compared to one bitstream of a non-partial reconfiguration implementation, smaller modules resulting in smaller bitstream filesizes allow an FPGA to implement many more hardware configurations with greater speed under similar storage requirements. To realize the benefits of partial reconfiguration in a wider range of applications, this thesis begins with a survey of FPGA fault-handling methods, which are compared using performance-based metrics. Performance analysis of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) Offline Recovery method is investigated and candidate solutions provided by the GA are partitioned by age to improve its efficiency. Parameters of this aging technique are optimized to increase the occurrence rate of complete repairs. Continuing the discussion of partial reconfiguration, the thesis develops a case-study application that implements one partial reconfiguration module to demonstrate the functionality and benefits of time multiplexing and reveal the improved efficiencies of the latest large-capacity FPGA architectures. The number of active partial reconfiguration modules implemented on a single FPGA device is increased from one to eight to implement a dynamic video-processing architecture for Discrete Cosine Transform and Motion Estimation functions to demonstrate a 55-fold reduction in bitstream storage requirements thus improving partial reconfiguration capability.