The present study explores the concepts behind Japanese and Swedish dimensional adjectives. The focus is on examining which similarities and differences in the conceptualisation across the two languages exist, if any at all. In order to see how concepts underlying dimensional adjectives are represented in the speaker's minds, data was collected mainly from two word-association tests. The results show that dimensional adjectives are conceptualised and represented differently by speakers of these two languages. The most remarkable difference resulting from the word-association tests is that Japanese participants associate dimensional adjectives mostly with nouns that denote entities the prominent extension of which is aptly described by the stimulus dimensional adjective (e.g. 'long' is associated with 'river'). In Swedish, however, participants associate dimensional adjectives with both adjectives and nouns, and the association patterns and their underlying conceptualisations are thus more diverse (e.g. 'high' is associated with 'building', and 'long' is associated with 'narrow').

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Esta tese contém contribuições para a organização de um glossário nominal das poesias de Manuel Bandeira. Procede a um levantamento de todos os substantivos e adjetivos presentes em sua obra poética. Além de identificar os lexemas, organizando-os por meio de verbetes e documentando os significados de cada um, traz todas as ocorrências encontradas nos poemas. Refere-se à relação entre a lexicografia e a pesquisa literária. Busca demonstrar que o contexto influencia na análise gramatical, definindo um vocábulo como substantivo ou adjetivo. Destaca também a importância dos estudos de lexicografia literária. / This theory focuses the nominal lexicon in Manuel Bandeiras poetries. This study proceeds a rising of all the nouns and present adjectives in his poetic work. Besides identifying the lexems, organizing them through entries and documenting the meanings of each word, it brings all of the occurrences found in the researched poetic context. This study refers, likewise, to the relationship between the lexicography and the study of the literature. Search to demonstrate that the context influences in the grammatical conjuncture, defining a word as noun or adjective. And, as last objective, detaches the importance of the studies of literary lexicography.

Esta tese contém contribuições para a organização de um glossário nominal das poesias de Manuel Bandeira. Procede a um levantamento de todos os substantivos e adjetivos presentes em sua obra poética. Além de identificar os lexemas, organizando-os por meio de verbetes e documentando os significados de cada um, traz todas as ocorrências encontradas nos poemas. Refere-se à relação entre a lexicografia e a pesquisa literária. Busca demonstrar que o contexto influencia na análise gramatical, definindo um vocábulo como substantivo ou adjetivo. Destaca também a importância dos estudos de lexicografia literária. / This theory focuses the nominal lexicon in Manuel Bandeiras poetries. This study proceeds a rising of all the nouns and present adjectives in his poetic work. Besides identifying the lexems, organizing them through entries and documenting the meanings of each word, it brings all of the occurrences found in the researched poetic context. This study refers, likewise, to the relationship between the lexicography and the study of the literature. Search to demonstrate that the context influences in the grammatical conjuncture, defining a word as noun or adjective. And, as last objective, detaches the importance of the studies of literary lexicography.

El propósito de la presente monografía es investigar si un grupo de hablantes no nativos de español, todos de nivel muy avanzado, usan los adjetivos modificadores en su discurso espontáneo de una manera parecida a la nativa, y más particularmente en qué medida los colocan de manera idiomática delante o detrás del substantivo. El material usado consiste, por un lado, de entrevistas, en las cuales los participantes cuentan de sus propias vidas, y por el otro lado, de una tarea en la que comentan la acción en un videoclip de la película Tiempos Modernos (de Charlie Chaplin). Los participantes del estudio son diez suecos que residen en Chile desde hace por lo menos 5 años. La hipótesis es que, dada una constatada tendencia conservadora general en los hablantes de una segunda lengua que los llevaría a “ir por lo seguro“, los sujetos sobreusarían la opción no marcada, o sea, la posposición, en la colocación de los adjetivos. Los adjetivos están categorizados en dos grupos: uno de adjetivos cotidianos que tienden a anteponerse al sustantivo (bueno, malo, pequeño, grande, pobre, puro, nuevo, viejo, alto), y los restantes adjetivos, que por defecto aparecen en posición posnominal (p.ej. laboral, sueco, libre, desnudo, rápido, cultural, blanco, redondo, privado etc.). Los resultados no apoyan la hipótesis, en el sentido de que los participantes no nativos tienden a sobreusar la posposición. Estos participantes son comparados con un grupo de control que consiste de diez hablantes de español L1 que residen en Chile. Un aspecto que discrepa en el grupo de hablantes no nativos es el uso del adjetivo grande, para el cual los no nativos prefieren la posposición. También destaca el hecho que los participantes nativos son más propensos a usar adjetivos en general en comparación con el grupo no nativo. / The purpose of this thesis is to investigate to what extent a group of non-native Spanish speakers, all of whom are highly proficient users of L2 Spanish, use modifying adjectives in spontaneous discourse in a targetlike manner and, particularly, to what extent they place them idiomatically before or after the noun. The corpus used consists of interviews, in which the subjects talk about their lives, and another task in which they comment the action of a videoclip from the movie ‘Modern Times’ (by Charlie Chaplin). The subjects of the study are ten Swedes that have lived in Chile for at least 5 years. The assumption being the tendency for second language speakers to be generally conservative and choose to ‘go for what's safe’, it is hypothesized that the L2 users would overuse the unmarked option for placing adjectives, namely after the noun. The adjectives are divided into two categories: one consisting of everyday adjectives that strongly tend to be placed ahead of the noun (bueno, malo, pequeño, grande, nuevo, pobre, puro, viejo, alto) and the other of adjectives that appear in postposition by default (e.g. laboral, sueco, libre, desnudo, rápido, cultural, blanco, redondo, privado etc.). The results don’t support the hypothesis, in the sense that the non-native participants tend to overuse postposition. The L2 participants have been compared to a control group consisting of ten L1 Spanish speakers living in Chile. One aspect that differs in the non-native group is the use of grande, for which the non-native speakers, unlike the natives, prefer postposition. What also stands out is the fact that native speakers are more prone to using adjectives in general compared to the non-native group.

This essay explores the semantic change of the adjectives mean and gay from the 1920s to the2000s. This was done by going through concordance lines which was collected from the Time Corpus. The aim of the paper is to investigate if there has been any change of meaning of the two words, and if that is the case how have they changed. The results showed that both words have had a tremendous change in meaning, the most prominent one being the adjective gay which has gone from denoting something or someone who is happy to referring to a homosexual person. The adjective mean has also had a change in meaning, or has rather gained several new meanings along with the original one.

E. G. Dolgikh Comparative study of color categories in Russian and Czech. Cognitive and Cultural Approach Summary The purpose of the study was to describe the contents of the selected categories of colors («Синий цвет», «Голубой цвет», «Коричневый цвет», «Серый цвет», «Розовый цвет», «Оранжевый цвет», «Фиолетовый цвет», «Modrá barva», «Hnědá barva», «Šedá barva», «Růžová barva», «Oranžová barva», «Fialová barva») using the example of their basic terms (синий, голубой, коричневый, серый, розовый, оранжевый, фиолетовый, modrý, hnědý, šedý, růžový, oranžový, fialový) in Russian and Czech, as well as to reveal the specifics of color vision of the world of Czech and Russian speakers by comparing the obtained data. In this study we chose to use the cognitive and cultural approach to the language where, for example, the lexical meaning of the word is viewed as a holistic image, a realized physical and sensual experience. The nature of the study has cultural linguistic tone, because, first of all, it examines the facts of the language and helps in making linguistic conclusions, and, secondly, - the results of the study allow us to make some conclusions about the social and cultural characteristics of Russians and Czechs. The study is based on analysis of contexts where selected color terms are used in the artistic...

The objective of the thesis is to describe and compare the modifying uses of two adjectives which can appear both as premodifiers as well as bare postmodifiers, namely available and responsible. Both modifying positions are examined with respect to the textual environment, the complexity of noun phrases and adjective phrases in which the adjectives function, reference and other features in order to outline the patterns in which these two adjectives appear. The data for the analytical part have been extracted from the British National Corpus using the basic query and limiting the search to the written part of the corpus. After manual assessment of the initial samples of 500 concordance lines, 154 concordance lines containing the adjective available and 147 containing the adjective responsible proved to be suitable for the analysis. The final samples of the data are further categorized and analysed concerning the complexity of the noun phrase, premodification, postmodification and complementation of the adjectives, semantic preference of the head nouns, and the motivation for the pre- or postnominal placement of the modifiers. Key words: adjective, adjective phrase, premodification, postmodification, complementation, attributive function, predicative function, postpositive function, bare adjective,...

Dans cette étude, nous analysons des combinaisons formées d’un verbe à droite duquel se trouve un adjectif invarié (du type manger + bio, acheter français). Dans cette position, il est incident au verbe d’un point de vue syntaxique. Cependant, en tant qu’élément caractérisant, il requiert sémantiquement des éléments supports, mais ceux-ci sont systématiquement absents de l’énoncé. L’absence de ces supports sémantiques entraîne son invariabilité, et c’est la raison pour laquelle on propose de parler d’adjectif « invarié ». On peut par ailleurs constater que l’adjectif, dans cet environnement syntaxique, fonctionne comme un adverbe, unité de langue avec lequel il partage cette position prototypique à droite du verbe. Il apparaît que dans ce contexte syntaxique, l’adjectif invarié peut porter sur plusieurs éléments. Dans certains cas, il peut s’agir d’éléments appartenant à la structure argumentale du verbe, tels que l’objet non exprimé ; dans d’autres cas, il peut porter sur des éléments qui n’appartiennent pas forcément à la structure argumentale (dans une combinaison du type pédaler + utile). Dans cette étude, nous postulons qu’il peut alors être complément de manière. / In this study, we analyze verb combinations formed by placing an adjective to the right of a verb (such as "to eat organic" or "to buy French"). Placed in this position, the adjective is incidental to the verb from a syntactical point of view. However, as a defining element, it requires supporting elements, which are systematically absent from the statement. The absence of these semantical supports causes the adjective to be grammatically invariable, and for that reason, we speak of "invariable" adjectives. It can be maintained that, in this syntactical environment, an adjective finds itself in the place of another linguistic structure of which it is the prototypical function and with which it appears to be in competition: the adverb.It appears that, in this syntactical contest, an invariable adjective bears upon several elements. In certain cases, it can be a matter of elements belonging to the argumental structure of the verb, such as the unexpressed object. In other cases, it can involve elements that do not necessarily belong to the argumental structure (as in the combination "to bike + useful"). In this study, we postulate that it can thus be a complement describing the manner.