Abstract Owing to the rapid development of democratized politics, liberalized economics and pluralistic society, the operation of educational administration at school is facing a lot of challenge in the reformation period. The Restructure Of School Organization is one of the means of the educational reforms. To handle changed opportunities to create new ones, and to make the school administrative organization fill flexible mechanism is the missions and duties that the school administrative organization shoulder. The purpose of this research is to study the basic concept of the organization through the four links, ¡§ Business Organized Reform ¡¨, ¡§ Government Reform ¡¨, ¡§ The Restructure Of The School Administrative Organization.¡¨ The research also coordinate with a new related theory of the organization , educational prescripts, important plans of the educational reforms, and the analysis of related studies of the school administrative organization to explore the stratagem of the restructure of the junior high school administrative organization. And set up an organization to a new model to be able to effectively resolve the problems which the junior school administrative organization faces. The research takes the study way of Delphi Technique and invite 16 consultants such as the experts and the scholars in Kaohsiung, the educational administrators, the junior high school principles, the leaders or the chiefs of the departments, teachers, and parents of the students to implement questionary survey three times. Synthesize the results of the documents investigation and the survey in Delphi Technique. About the reform of the administrative organization in junior high school, the conclusions are as follows : ¢¹. The reform of the school administrative organization is the extension of the reform of the government organization. To adjust administrative organization and operative standard is on the basis of the policy of the allocation numbers in local government and the managing the sum of numbers in central government. ¢º. A school contains two systems, administration and teaching, which presents the structure of Loosely Coupled System. However, educators are not in favor of the policy which merges the school organization into the administration department and the teaching department. ¢». The emphasis of the school reform contains ¡§ School-Based Manage- ment ¡¨ and ¡§ Teaching Professional Sovereignty. ¡¨ In addition, the reform of organization have to go with ¡§ Operation System ¡¨ ,¡§ Job Allocation ¡¨, ¡§ Management Mechanism.¡¨ Thus, it can work. ¢¼. At present, teachers take two jobs, teaching and the duty of the administration, like the leader or the chief of the department at school. They have double identities of being teachers and the members of the administration. Besides supplying the teaching department with support, the school administration should shoulder the responsibility of being professional leader. ¢½. In order to achieve the goal of the organization, the administrative apartment needs to develop the force of the integration, and Full Matrix is the best policy that can develop the function of the integration. ¢¾. The hinge of the reforms of the school administrative organization lies in abolition, combination or job allocation among the groups of the departments. ¢¿. To reform organization structure has to simultaneously consider the privilege allocation of the school organization and the change of the administration policy. Promoting it needs to accept various opinions and search for mutual understanding. ¢À. While reforming organization, we have to consider the operation mechanism of educational reform that has been promoted universally, including nine-year coherence curriculum and the unity experiment of teaching, discipline, and guidance. According to the conclusion of this study, some suggestions are follows: ¢¹. Suggestions to the heads of education administration organizations 1. Central government and local government should promote actively the revision of the relevant laws, and give schools the right of organizations to come true the spirit of the organization reform. 2. Ministry Of Education should play a more active role to offer the resources of the expenditure and the men of talent, and ask schools to immerse the spirit of the organization reform in the unity experiment of teaching, discipline, and guidance project. 3. School organization reform includes not only the adjustment of the administrative organization but also the change of the administration leadership, power distribution, curriculum & teaching, and school efficiency. The government should give schools more power of the personal, budget, and curriculum on the decision to satisfy the conditions and demands of different sections. 4. Adjusting the duty scope of the school administration or culture and education administration instead we should adopt technicians according to the different affairs, such as the engineer in the computer system, and professional shopping staffs. ¢». Suggestion to the school 1. ¡§ Community School ¡¨ becomes a developing trend , uniting community resources has already become the main business of the school administration. Besides, it also puts emphasis on regulation administration organization, adjusting the roles of the parents, teachers and students, and counting in the opinions the parents, students and the members of the community. 2. While a school is in the process of its organization reform, it should break through the organization of the teaching, discipline, affairs, and guidance. It replaces traditional administrative levels and the individual operation system with the teamwork. 3. When school is going to compose groups, it should consider professional knowledge, individual will, characters, individual job ( like academic specialists, administration ), and so on. It should compose a common teamwork, and put emphasis on strengthening self-determinant teamwork. Whether the school use teamwork organization depends on the administration affairs. 4. Technology and information have great influence on the operation of the administrative organizations. We have to reduce the administrative affairs and the members of the organizations to make the school administrative organizations will work effectively. 5. Through the redesigning and simplified procedure of the organizations work, we will make the administration affairs specialized and professional. The administration affairs excluding the core of the affairs ( teaching ) adopt the contractual way.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the restructuring of the administrative organization in Kaohsiung City¡¦s elementary schools. It further analyzes the perception of educators with different independent variables toward the workload of elementary school administrative units, adjustment of business coverage of different units, adjustment of organization structure of school administration, and the adjustment of staffing. This study randomly samples 660 subjects, including 44 elementary school principals, 88 unit directors, 176 section chiefs, and 352 teachers without administrative duties. A total of 502 questionnaires were returned and 498 were evaluated as valid. The method of questionnaire survey is adopted in this research to collect data with the help of the tool: ¡§A questionnaire for exploring the restructure of the administration organization in Kaohsiung City¡¦s elementary schools¡¨. Data obtained in this study are analyzed by the descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and two-way ANOVA. The major findings of this study are as follows: I.Most school educators consider that the workload of differentadministrative units is heavy. II.Most school educators consider that the organizational adjustment ofadministrative units and sections is not necessary. III.Most school educators consider that the policy about the adjustmentof school staffing is not necessary. IV.The effect of background variables on the school educators¡¦ perception toward the workload of different administrative units is significant. V.The effect of background variables on the school educators¡¦ perception toward the organizational adjustment of different administrative units and sections is significant. VI.The effect of background variables on the school educators¡¦perception toward the policy of adjusting the school staffingis significant. VII.Over 60% of the school educators admit that the wordload of ¡§Computer Equipment Maintenance¡¨ of Information Section is too heavy and should consider the way of labor outsourcing.¡@ VIII.All subjects believe that the Section Chief of General Affairs Office should be taken charge by the clerks; among 30% of all subjects, the most urgent need to be appointed are listed in order: General Affairs Section and Cashier¡¦s Section. The next in order are Section Chiefs of Information Section and Equipment Section. VIIII.On the premise that the total number of the staffing quota keep to the status quo, the subjects believe that the most urgent need to be increased is the number of teachers, while the most urgent need to be reduced is the number of janitors. Finally, several specific suggestions based on the research findings are proposed to the educational administrative authorities, school administration system, and the further studies in the future.

This study focused on determining whether the administration of the common schools of District Four in Texas can be made to function more effectively without changing the external structure of the administrative organization and to determine whether the administrative duties are being performed in a fairly uniform manner.

As public agencies have implemented programs to respond to natural disasters, alleviate poverty, provide food security, and address other wicked problems, the organizational structuring of public sector program management has changed in response. The federal agencies responsible for U.S. foreign policy, including the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), have embraced multi-organizational, cross-sector network collaboration as part of their core missions. The strategic transition of USAID to an increased use of network models for program implementation raises questions concerning the ability of the agency, through its partners, to foster organizational learning in this network setting. Ensuring the ability to utilize knowledge and ways of knowing generated through program activity is a critical factor to sustaining the long-term capacity of government agencies and their partners to pursue solutions for these complex global problems. The research reported in this dissertation focuses on network administrative organizations (NAOs) delegated official responsibility for the management of government-funded multi-institutional programs, to understand how organizational learning for innovation takes place in an NAO-led network. This research explored the USAID Feed the Future Innovation Labs for Collaborative Research program focusing on two comparable case studies representative of NAO-led goal-directed networks, the Integrated Pest Management and Horticulture Innovation Labs. The Crossan et al. (1999) 4I framework on organizational learning served as the primary theoretical foundation for addressing how NAOs enable, manage, and leverage organizational learning associated with the boundary work of their program team representatives to innovate as networks. In the two cases studied, the findings indicated that learning practices flowed as anticipated within and across the program network for program and administrative related knowledge, but flowed in a number of different directions for knowledge related to addressing novel problems. Additionally, the NAOs' ability to institutionalize knowledge generated through the work of program teams and individual members followed unpredictable patterns and was influenced by the presence of knowledge and learning boundaries within the network. The research contribution includes a theorized two-part role for NAOs associated with managing situational learning on behalf of the network and a proposed expansion of the 4I framework that incorporates a network level of learning, organizational boundaries, and two new processes introduced as a result of the findings. Finally, the research concludes with a proposed a preliminary framework beneficial to NAO practitioners tasked with managing organizational learning in similar goal-directed network environments. / PHD / As public agencies have implemented programs to respond to natural disasters, alleviate poverty, provide food security, and address other wicked problems, federal agencies like the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) have embraced multi-organizational, cross-sector collaboration, through an increased use of network models for program implementation. This raises questions concerning the ability of the agency, through its partners, to foster organizational learning in a network setting. Ensuring the ability to utilize knowledge and ways of knowing generated through program activity is vital to sustaining the long-term capacity of government agencies and their partners to pursue solutions for global problems. The dissertation focuses on network administrative organizations (NAOs) delegated official responsibility for the management of government-funded multi-institutional programs, to understand how organizational learning for innovation takes place in an NAO-led network. This research explored the USAID Feed the Future Innovation Labs for Collaborative Research program focusing on two comparable case studies representative of NAO-led goal-directed networks, the Integrated Pest Management and Horticulture Innovation Labs. The Crossan et al. (1999) 4I framework on organizational learning served as the primary theoretical foundation for addressing how NAOs enable, manage, and leverage organizational learning associated with the boundary work of their program team representatives to innovate as networks. In the two cases studied, the findings indicated that learning practices flowed as anticipated within and across the program network for program and administrative related knowledge, but flowed in a number of different directions for knowledge related to addressing novel problems. Additionally, the NAOs’ ability to institutionalize knowledge generated through the work of program teams and individual members followed unpredictable patterns and was influenced by the presence of knowledge and learning boundaries within the network. The research contribution includes a theorized two-part role for NAOs associated with managing situational learning on behalf of the network and a proposed expansion of the 4I framework that incorporates a network level of learning, organizational boundaries, and two new processes introduced as a result of the findings. Finally, the research concludes with a proposed preliminary framework beneficial to NAO practitioners tasked with managing organizational learning in similar goal-directed network environments.

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Les catastrophes sont les produits d'une étroite relation entre les hommes et la nature. Le développement économique et social contribue à accroitre fortement la vulnérabilité aux catastrophes. Au-delà des motivations qui sont les siennes, les êtres humains ont élaboré des méthodes pour minimiser les effets désastreux de cette relation. De ce fait, étudier les risques associés aux catastrophes naturelles et non-naturelles permet de trouver des méthodes adaptées au suivi et à la gestion des risques tant concernant les facteurs naturels que les facteurs non-naturels. Cette recherche a pour but d'analyser la manière avec laquelle les processus de gestion des risques de catastrophes ont été mis en place dans l'émirat d'Abu Dhabi, aux Emirats Arabes Unis, par les différentes institutions responsables, qu'elles soient publiques ou privées. La vulnérabilité des Emirats Arabes Unis aux catastrophes s'accroit avec l'importance du développement des activités industrielles dans la période actuelle. De plus, les désastres liés à des mouvements tectoniques et aux phénomènes climatiques sont devenus très fréquents dans le pays. Au cours des années actuelles, différents types de catastrophes ont affecté la population des Emirats Arabes Unis et impacté les ressources des agences intergouvernementales qui sont chargés de la gestion des situations d'urgence en cas de catastrophes. L'étude permet de tirer différentes conclusions sur le fonctionnement du système de prévention et de gestion des risques dans l'émirats d'Abu Dhabi et aux Emirats Arabes Unis, mettant en avant les difficultés rencontrées pour la mise en place de réponses parfaitement adaptées aux problèmes rencontrés. Différentes recommandations sont enfin élaborées pour aller plus loin dans la réflexion sur la réduction et la gestion des risques naturels et non-naturels et sur l'élaboration de mesures adéquates. Il apparait alors que les procédures d'urgence mises en place à l'échelle nationale, mais aussi régionale, celle du Conseil de Coopération du Golfe, sont les facteurs essentiels de la réduction ou au contraire de l'accentuation de l'impact des catastrophes dans le territoire étudié. / Disasters are produced by a vigorous mankind interaction with nature. Social and economic development are major contributors to increasing disasters' vulnerability, Regardless of its various motivators, human beings have sought methods to minimize its devastating effects. Therefore, studying risks associated to natural and non-natural disasters provides means that could be utilized in the forecasting and management of risks on both natural and non-natural sides. This research aims to analyze how disaster risk management process has been built in the emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirate, by the different stakeholders in charge whether on public or private actors. The UAE vulnerability to disasters is increasing with the huge development industrial activities taking place at the present. Furthermore, tectonic and weather related disasters are becoming very common in the UAE. Different types of disasters affect the UAE population and stretch the government and inter- agency resources as they all respond to the emergencies. The study came across many conclusions in regards to UAE continuous system of risk assessment and risk management. Many recommendations are listed for further investigation and implementation
Finally, the national and regional emergency procedures are key factors to mitigate or increase disasters' impact on regions

A década de 90 foi marcada em muitos países ao redor do globo por profundas transformações na administração pública com base na New Public Management, que buscaram aumentar a eficiência dos serviços prestados e racionalizar o gasto público, através da introdução de novos instrumentos de gestão no Estado e a aproximação da iniciativa privada. Processo este que ocorreu no Brasil guiado pelo Plano Diretor de Reforma do Aparelho do Estado. Na área da saúde este processo ocorreu principalmente nos hospitais, devido aos altos custos envolvidos nestas instituições que integram os sistemas de saúde. Um dos instrumentos introduzidos foi a publicização da gestão de serviços públicos por entidades sem finalidades lucrativas, pela contratualização de resultados, sendo São Paulo o estado onde mais se utiliza este modelo no país. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma análise da eficiência operacional dos hospitais públicos de grande porte que atuam no atendimento de alta complexidade no Estado de São Paulo, geridos pela administração direta e por organizações sociais via contrato de gestão, através da análise dos dados dos hospitais disponíveis nos portais da transparência utilizando o DEA e do conteúdo dos contratos de gestão firmados entre o poder público e as entidades gestoras pelo software IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados indicam que os hospitais geridos por organizações sociais apresentavam nível de eficiência operacional maior se comparados aos geridos pelo próprio estado. Entre os fatores encontrados citamos: a distinção no porte destas instituições, no volume dos recursos financeiros, na maior quantidade de atividades na alta complexidade, e o conteúdo dos contratos firmados, que apresentam metas e indicadores de qualidade para a avaliação dos serviços prestados / The 1990s were marked in many countries around the globe by deep transformations in public administration based on New Public Management, which sought to increase the efficiency of services provided and rationalize public spending through the introduction of new management tools in the State and the approximation of private initiative. This process occurred in Brazil guided by the Master Plan of Reform of the State Apparatus. In the area of health this process occurred mainly in hospitals, due to the high costs involved in these institutions that integrate health systems. One of the instruments introduced was the publicizing of the management of public services by non-profit-making entities, through the contracting of results, with São Paulo being the state where this model is most used in the country. In this context, the objective of this study is to analyze the operational efficiency of large public hospitals that operate in high complexity care in the State of São Paulo, managed by the direct administration and by social organizations through a management contract, through analysis of the data of the hospitals available in the transparency portals using the DEA and the content of the management contracts entered into between the public authority and the managing entities by the IRAMUTEQ software. The results indicate that hospitals managed by social organizations had a higher level of operational efficiency than those managed by the state itself. Among the factors we have mentioned are: the distinction in the size of these institutions, the volume of financial resources, the greater number of activities in the high complexity, and the content of the contracts signed, which present goals and quality indicators for the evaluation of services rendered

隨著社會型態快速變遷，工商企業的蓬勃發展，現代婦女因而較過去擁有更多的教育機會與工作機會。女性既然擁有較多教育與工作機會，伴隨而至者，則是女性就業人口日益增加。臺灣地區近十年，女性參與勞動市場的人數亦呈現急遽增加的趨勢。民國七十年至八十年間，婦女勞動參與率由百分之三十八. 六上升為百分之四十四.三九。辦公場所或生產工廠甚至其他場合中，兩性共事機會趨於普及情況下，兩性在勞動市場中種種不平等的情況亦更加凸顯，而兩性勞動關係中存在已久的工作場所性騷擾問題，益發成為社會所關心的重要議題。臺灣地區最近幾年相關的研究報告及性騷擾事件時有所聞，工作場所的性騷擾問題明顯地由社會議題轉而成為公共議題。這些現象遂引發吾人作此論文的動機，公共行政的研究既然為落實「公共」利益的具體實踐，因此公共行政學的世界實不可再忽略過去一直為社會學所關心的組織性騷擾議題。另外，本文對於實務的研究著眼於行政組織中的實際情況，政治系統中的行政組織由於規模龐大及高度專業化的特性，加上其實際負責執行國家現行政策、評估政策績效、制定新政策的角色，已使行政組織成為發動公共政策的中樞，若是行政組織中的兩性互動發生問題，則人員在工作上的影響不可謂不大，更何況公共利益的具體實現即要達成社會公平、正義體現的指引，性騷擾對於受害者而言，亦是一種極不公平的結果。本文採取實務及理論的分析，希望了解行政組織中兩性互動及性騷擾的情況，其內容大略如下：第一章緒論，分別闡明本文之研究動機與目的、研究方法、名詞界定。第二章文獻探討，分三節，分別提出學者對於性騷擾成因的研究、及性騷擾問題之成因的綜合研討、最後歸納性騷擾所造成的影響。第三章研究設計，敘述本研究在實務探討方面的研究工具、研究對象、分析方法等。第四章訪談部份的研究結果，文中針對訪談內容做詳盡的歸納分析，以了解行政組織成員互動及其對性騷擾的態度。第五章問卷調查部份的研究分析，針對問卷調查結果，就性騷擾發生情況、成員對性騷擾的態度加以分析。第六章結論，除對訪談及問卷調查部份的研究結果綜合說明外，並提出行政組織防範性騷擾措施之建議。本文對於行政組織的探索，或過於主觀、或在了解程度的深入性不足，以此論文實難以表達行政組織兩性互動的全貌，敬祈師長惠予指教。

The electronic game business can not develop well as other emerging industries. Through the analysis by the five major frameworks of administrative law, it is that our society always be not trust about the electronic game shop which cause corruption and crime. However, even the government see the economic adventure of the electronic game business to promote development by raising the important policy of the Six Key Emerging Industries including the electronic digital game business development, that want to come up with Japan and Korea. But it ignore the electronic game shop, that the people still feel no good about it. The local governments also avoid it to follow the public opinion. In addition, the central government seem to have no feeling about the local problems of the electronic game business. Though our government want to improve the policy of the management through the history of the electronic game management, but the solution is temporary not permanent, so it is not enough about the management system. By the research, we can find that enduring the electronic game will reduce the development and employment opportunity, and it will cause more serious society problems. So the government should give judicious guidance according to circumstances, reasonable and efficient management. In this way, the electronic game business will be not only a leisure tool, but also an industry with more economic value. The electronic game business will be the soft power and endless development according to the information technology in Taiwan.

Under the idea of ¡§Land ownership means wealth ownership¡¨, people believe that owning land is the ultimate symbol of wealth. Area of Taiwan¡¦s state-owned land goes up to 3.6 million hectares. Government agencies at all levels that require official or public use of land must apply for appropriation of the public land, which creates fewer disputes. This is not within the scope of this study. The rest of the non-public land would be treated in accordance with the provisions of Article 53 of the State-Owned Property Law, whereby ¡§The vacant house and land belonging to non-public use property shall be sold by tendering, if no predeterminated purpose.¡¨ However, after the land value skyrocketed due to cases of land auction, the public gradually became concerned with whether the state-owned land auctions are driving up the land prices. According to the principle of public land management and process, it expressly states that state-owned land is ¡§for rent only and not for sale¡¨. However, there are many exceptions, causing the current state-owned land policy to be still primarily auction-based. Therefore, there is still room for discussion regarding the impact of the ¡§for rent only and not for sale¡¨ policy on the development of the state-owned land. ¡@¡@ However, we are currently faced with limited resources and infinite demands, while the government regards land tendering as one of the optimal operating methods. Strengthened management for issues such as illegal occupation and idleness of state-owned land should thus be simultaneously implemented considering the rare and irreplaceable nature of state-owned land resources. As a result, in conforming to the principles of making reasonable and optimal adjustments in the utilization of land resources, this study explored the domestic state-owned land management system within the administrative law frameworks and examined whether any amendment is required. The ultimate aim of this paper is to examine the problems one by one under the five major frameworks: basic principles of the administrative law, administrative organization, administrative authority, administrative relief, and administrative supervision, while providing a discourse and analysis of the existing system. Concrete suggestions were then given to correct the existing state-owned land management system in Taiwan, in an attempt to provide a standard for policy makers or for administrative agencies when setting administrative rules.