Le contrôle juridictionnel comprend une large signification. Ce type de contrôle applique à toutes les personnes. Il s'agit les personnes physiques et les personnes morales. Mais, il y a une sorte de contrôle exercé sur l'Etat par une Cour spéciale. Cette Cour bénéficie d'une procédure et des lois spéciales. Dans cette étude nous vérifions l'existence ou l'absence de cette sorte de contrôle en droit iranien. Par conséquent, d'abord nous expliquons la signification des termes techniques dans la langue persane. La Constitution iranien de 1980 révisée en 1989 est la source principale à expliquer et prendre des exemples pour chaque définition. En réalité et dans le système juridictionnel de l'Iran, il existe la Cour de Justice Administrative qui possède la compétence de contrôler judiciaire des actions et des décisions de l'Etat. Cette Cour et ses compétences sont confrontées avec divers exceptions. Nous examinons la loi et la procédure de la CJA en tant que la seule organisation juridique administrative. Nous analysons également les administrations et les organisations gouvernementales qui fonctionnent sous la surveillance de la CJA. / The legal control includes a broad meaning. This type of control applies to all persons, whether individuals or legal persons. But there is a kind of control exercised over the State by a special Court. This Court has its specific procedure and law. In this study, the existence or absence of the control legal administrative over State in Iran will be verified. The significance of the keywords in this study is, also so important because there are some relevant and practical words. Due to this fact, at the first step, it seems necessary to define and explained these words in Persian language and the Iranian legal system. The Iranian Constitution of 1980 is the primary source to explain and give some examples for each definition. Practically in this judicial system, the Court of Administrative Justice has jurisdiction to control administrative, the State, its actions and decisions, in a legal manner. This Court and its competencies are considered with various exceptions. We examine the law and procedure of the CJA as a single legal organization monitoring the State. We also analyze government and government's organizations that operate under the supervision of the CJA. / Il controllo legale comprende un significato ampio. Questo tipo di controllo si applica a tutte le persone, siano essi persone fisiche o giuridiche. Ma c’è un tipo di controllo esercitato sullo stato da un tribunal speciale. Questa Corte ha la propia specifica procedura e di diritto. In questo studio, l’esistenza o l’assenza del diritto dello Stato controllo amministrativo in Iran saranno verificati. Il significato delle parole chiave di questo studio è, anche così importante, perché ci sono alcune parole importanti e pratico. A causa di questo fatto, al primo passo, si ritiene necessario definire e spiegare queste parole in lingua persiana e il sistema giuridico iraniano. La Costituzione iraniana del 1980 è la fonte primaria di spiegare e fornire alcuni esempi per ogni definizione. Praticamente in questo sistema giudiziario, la Corte di giustizia amministrativa è competente per il controllo amministrativo, lo Stato, le sue azioni e decisioni, in maniera legale. La Corte e le sue competenze sono considerati con diverse eccezioni. Esaminiamo la legge e la procedura della CJA come organizzazione giuridico unico controllo dello Stato. Vengono esaminate anche le organizzazioni governative e governative che operano sotto la supervisione della CJA.

Regard the local government, although in The Constitution chapter 10 (Powers of the Central and Local Governments) and in chapter 11 (System of Local Government) clearly state the self-governing power of the local authority, and mentioned the boarder line for the self-governing matters. However under the past influence of the centralized government structure, all matters are government affairs nation wide, the local governments are only to carry out the orders, in fact those so called the local governments are central government appointed departments, therefore delegation, commission or assignment of an administrative authority become less important, further more, the action is meaningless. Even to this day, the era of the local self-governing, delegation, commission or assignment of an administrative authority still faces many problems (For example Taipei and Kaohsiung, the two cities have their municipality directly under the jurisdiction of the Central Government office, and the office must monitor the appoint of the legislation, after the careful monitoring of the process of the appointing, then the follow the legislation shall legalize the practice, whether power commission may be exercised between two agencies of the same administrative bodies, whether a local government agency may commission with its supervised agency to exercise a part of its powers, etc¡K¡K), the cause of the confusion all goes back to the unclear separation of powers between the central government and the local governments, and to clearly regulate the problem in a short time isn¡¦t easy, therefore the urgent solution is the required for the disagreement from individual offices about the delegation, commission or assignment of an administrative authority etc¡K¡K, for this reason the aim of this study is to probe into the self-governing practice, detail the process and to recommend, to propose the following: 1. Study shows: a. The legislation of the power delegation rationalize the distribution of the manpower resources for the local government, shortens the time of decision making, lightens the responsibility of individual power delegating, and increases the proper use of the local self-governing power. b. The legislation of the power commission benefits the distribution of national resource of manpower, allows the proper practice of such actions, which also develop the advantage of direct office contact and the action of mutual aid. c. The legislation of the power assignment also sets up the vertical administrative supporting relationship between administrative bodies, and has the efficiency of the administrative offices¡¦ convenience work to its best. 2. Proposal: I. The making of legislation: a. Central government office shall define the meanings of delegation, commission and assignment of an administrative authority, give each action a clear responsibility, document the procedures and the importance of the above actions, in orders the administrative offices to put them in proper practice. b. The legislation should unify the terms for delegation, commission and assignment of an administrative authority. Define the principles of responsibilities for the central government and the local governments. The method of dividing the central-government and self-government matters according to its administrative needs in the present constitution is no longer up to date. c. Revise and set up the procedures of the legislation of assignment. II. Change the point of view: The central government should respect the power of the local government, implement the practice of self-governing, grant and authorize the local assignee to its complete power, respect the local assignee power to its max, increase the elasticity and the flexibility of the assignee office, put the nature and the resource of the manpower of the local government in consideration through the procedure of assignment. The local governments shouldn¡¦t unduly depend on the support of the central government like in the past, but welcome the time of self-governing, set up and face the idea of self-governing system, truly practice the age of autonomy.

Il est fondamental, dans chaque système juridique, de pouvoir contester une décision prise par l'administration notamment dans un pays où celle-ci est omniprésente dans tous les domaines de la société. Dans la plupart des pays, cette contestation prend la forme d'un recours gracieux ou d'un recours juridictionnel. Jusqu'en 1996 au Vietnam, il existe seulement le recours gracieux devant l'Administration mais ce recours s'est révélé inefficace. Dès lors, l’ordonnance de 1996, suivi de deux amendements ont instauré pour la première fois le recours juridictionnel. Néanmoins, la compétence de la juridiction administrative demeure très restreinte, l’Administration conserve la compétence générale dans le règlement des conflits avec les administrés. Ainsi, le droit d'accès au juge n'est pas assuré car la plupart des requêtes introductives d’instance est rejetée faute de compétence du juge. Une récente loi en 2010 est de nouveau intervenu pour élargir la compétence de la juridiction administrative. Malgré la volonté du législateur, les nouvelles dispositions ne répondent pas encore à l'exigence de plus en plus forte de la société vietnamienne pour examiner des recours contre l’Administration devant un organe indépendant. Il est urgent de trouver un mécanisme qui permet d’assurer le droit d'accès au juge. Cette thèse aborde les problématiques relatives à l'introduction d'instance de premier ressort devant la juridiction administrative vietnamienne ; et à la lumière du droit français, elle apporte des propositions d’amélioration de la législation vietnamienne en la matière. / Contesting an administrative act is a fundamental right in every legal system. In Vietnam, it is possible to make an appeal for reconsideration but this process is not effective. Thus, in 1996, the Vietnamese legislator established, for the first time, a jurisdictional appeal. However, this appeal was very limited thereby rendering ineffective the right of access to administrative justice. The amendments of contentious rules in 1998 and 2006, and more recently the law on administrative procedures in 2010 (taken into effect as of 1st of July 2011) were issued with the aim of expanding the competence of administrative jurisdiction. Indeed, in the absence of the satisfaction of rules regarding competence and admissibility, the petition instituting proceedings can be rejected by the administrative judge. The right of access to justice is additionally prevented par gaps in the law on administrative procedures or the strict interpretations of the judge. Furthermore, the overlapping of rules may influence the rights of citizens. Although there are many administrative disputes, the new dispositions don’t meet the needs of Vietnamese society. This thesis addresses the issues regarding the registration of administrative lawsuits of Vietnam to give a vision to improve the law on administrative procedure in the light of the achievements of the French law.

Le 17 février 1800, la création du Conseil de préfecture, contemporaine de celle du Conseil d’Etat moderne, marque un tournant dans l’histoire de la justice administrative en France. Pourtant, malgré le renouveau de l’histoire du droit administratif depuis une quarantaine d’années, le Conseil de préfecture reste le plus souvent considéré comme ne faisant partie que de la préhistoire de la juridiction administrative moderne. L’image du Conseil de préfecture est celle d’un organe administratif à peu près inutile, d’un simple bureau de contentieux composé de juristes de second ordre inféodés au préfet. La récurrence de ces jugements soulève une réelle interrogation scientifique qui ne pouvait être utilement abordée que par l’étude du fonctionnement concret de cette institution. Ainsi, l’exploration de l’histoire du Conseil de préfecture de la Gironde, dans sa praxis quotidienne, permet de vérifier si, malgré les carences de la loi du 28 pluviôse an VIII, sa fondation a ou non marqué l’émergence d’une juridiction administrative moderne dans ce département. / On February 17, 1800, the creation of the Council of prefecture, contemporary of that of the modern Council of State, marks a turning point in the history of administrative justice in France. However, despite the revival of the history of the administrative law in the last forty years, the Council of prefecture is remains most often regarded as belonging to the prehistory of modern administrative jurisdiction. The Council of prefecture is viewed as a virtually useless administrative organ, as a simple legal department composed of second class lawyers paying allegiance to the prefect. The recurrence of these judgments raises a real scientific interrogation which could usefully approached by the study of the concrete function of this institution. Thus, the exploration of the history of the Council of prefecture of the Gironde, in its daily praxis, allows the verification if, despite the deficiencies of the Law of the 28 pluviôse, year VIII, its foundation has or not marked the emergence of a modern administrative jurisdiction in this department.