Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa com adolescentes grávidas e mães de um primeiro bebê (até cinco meses após o parto), usuárias de um serviço público de pré-natal de Santos (SP). O estudo investiga a percepção das adolescentes sobre si mesmas e sobre suas vidas, usando referências psicanalíticas e trabalhando com três instrumentos de pesquisa - questionários, desenhos de auto-retrato e entrevistas em profundidade. Resultados de 82 questionários com adolescentes grávidas indicaram dificuldades com a educação formal anterior à gravidez, figuras maternas valorizadas e figuras paternas avaliadas negativamente, e gravidez em geral aceita e ocorrida numa relação de namoro. A análise de 150 desenhos de auto-retrato de adoescentes grávidas destacou: sinais de ambivalência, auto-imagens não muito prejudicadas, tendência de se retratar num momento mais próximo ao presente, auto-retratos anteriores à gravidez com menos sinais de conflito, desenhos estando grávida com sinais de ansiedade, e auto-retratos posteriores ao parto com indícios compensatórios. A análise de entrevistas em profundidade com 10 adolescentes mães apontou: gravidez relacionada a conquistas de benefícios sociais, grande valorização das figuras maternas e ataques às figuras paternas e aos pais dos bebês (antes mais idealizados), indícios de busca de engravidar, vida sexual sem maiores impedimentos e com algum conhecimento sobre métodos contraceptivos, queixas de perdas quanto a passeios, relação com a escola tendendo a manter a trajetória anterior à gravidez, e relação cuidadosa com o bebê. Para as adolescentes pesquisadas, pertencentes a segmentos mais pobres de população urbana, a gravidez não pareceu percebida de forma negativa e associou-se a alguns ganhos sociais, durante a gestação e os primeiros meses do bebê. / This work presents a research with adolescents in the first pregnancy and becoming mothers, until five months after delivery, using a specialized public service, offered by the city of Santos, SP, Brazil. The study investigates the self perception of the adolescents, using psychoanalytical references and working with three instruments of research: questionnaires, self portrait drawings and interviews in depth. The results of the 82 questionnaires with pregnant adolescents indicated difficulties with formal education prior to the pregnancy, valorized mother figures, negatively evaluated father figures, no objection to the pregnancy and that it has occurred during the dates with the boyfriends. The analysis of 150 self portraits from pregnant adolescents pointed out to signals of ambivalence, self image not much damaged, tendency to make a self portrait in a moment close to the present, self portraits prior to the pregnancy with few signals of conflicts, portraits of pregnants indicating signals of anguish and self portraits prior to the delivery with compensatory evidence. The analysis of the interviews in depth with 10 adolescents mothers indicated pregnancy related to social benefits, great increasing in the mother figures, as well as aggression to the father figures and to the fathers of the babies (better idealized before), indication of provoked pregnancy, fair knowledge about contraceptive methods, sexual life with few obstacles, some complaints about not going out anymore, same relationship with the studies as they had prior to the pregnancy and a careful relationship with the babies. The pregnancy does not seem perceived in a negative way for these adolescents, belonging to the poorer segments of the urban population, rather it can be related to social benefits, during the period of pregnancy and in the beginning months of the baby’s life.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser. S. 72-83: Bibliografi.

青少女未婚懷孕已是我國重要的社會議題之一。多數的青少女在發現懷孕後，面臨一連串的抉擇，少女將思考是否生育，以及選擇將孩子留養、出養或寄養。然而，選擇留養後的青少女，多數面臨親職與經濟的壓力而無法持續就學。 本研究以質性研究深度訪談的方式，企圖瞭解青少女母親在留養後，回歸學校的校園生活，探討青少女母親的復學因素、復學適應，以及學校輔導系統提供的服務內涵。研究最終訪談九位青少女母親，研究結果發現： 1. 青少女母親的復學因素，包含主要因素與使能因素。主要因素為少女個人對於完成學業的想望；使能因素共有四項，包括：「家庭因素」、「學校因素」、「社會因素」及「其他因素」。此外，少女的復學因素與擔任親職及婚姻狀態(生活經驗)相關聯。 2. 青少女孕期的校園生活經驗，與物理空間環境、老師與同儕的態度有關。在復學適應部分，面臨「學習適應」與「人際關係適應」，少女復學適應與少女的生活經驗具有關聯性，少女亦隨著學校風氣規範及老師、同儕的態度不同，其適應的議題有所差異。 3. 青少女母親就學之學校輔導部分，包含懷孕與復學期間兩部分。孕期的學校輔導服務分為學校支持性措施、個人輔導與重要他人協談；復學之輔導服務將與學校的作法和少女接受輔導服務之意願具有關聯性，亦影響少女所接受的服務內涵。 研究結果證實青少女母親穩定就學原因，與少女不同的生活經驗、不同的就學歷程，再加上學校風氣與上課規範不同，少女所要適應的議題具有個別性。少女在就讀學校選擇的考量，包含上課路程近、上課時間短，以及選擇規範不嚴格的學校為主要。在學校部分，校方提供通融作法、學校輔導服務以及家庭支持程度是少女回歸校園的重要關鍵。研究者依據研究結果提出實務上與學術上的建議。 / “Unmarried pregnant adolescents” has become one of the important social issues in Taiwan. When most adolescent girls were found pregnant, they are facing a series of choices, they need consider whether to give birth, whether to keep and raise the baby, as well as the option to leave the baby to child support or foster care. However, when adolescent girls choose to keep and raise the babies, a majority of them are facing financial stress and the pressure of parenting. Thus their education can no longer sustained. In this qualitative research, we use in-depth interviews in order to understand the following aspects. First, when adolescent mothers choose to keep and raise the baby, what their campus lives are going to be like when they return to school. Second, to explore the factors of adolescent mothers’ re-enrolling, as well as the adaptation for continuing their education. Third, the counseling service content provided by the school counseling system. This study finally interviewed nine adolescent mothers, and the findings are as followed: 1. The factors for adolescent mothers to re-enroll include main factors and enabling factors. The main factors are teenage mothers’ personal desire to complete their studies. As for the enabling factors, there are a total of four prospects, including: "family factors", "school factors", "social factors" and "other factors." In addition to this, re-enrolling factors for teenage mothers are related to their roles in parenting and marital status (life experiences). 2. The campus life these adolescent mothers experiences during pregnancy, are related to the physical environment, as well as teachers and peers’ attitudes. In the aspect of “Re-enrolling Adaptation, these girls are facing “learning adaptation” and "interpersonal adaptation". Teenage mothers’ re-enrolling adaptation is related to their life experiences. Besides, with different school climate, teachers’ and peers’ attitudes, these influences can also affect teenage girls’ adaptations. 3. Teenage mothers’ enrolling school counseling service, includes two parts; the pregnancy part and the re-enrolling part. Pregnancy counseling services are divided into “school support measures”, “individual counseling” and “joint counselling with significant others”. Counselling service after their returns to school is related to school measures and the teenage mother’s willingness to accept counselling service. And these aspects would also affect the service content these adolescent mothers receive. The study results confirmed that, the reason for adolescent mothers to have a stable re-enrolling are related to their different life experiences, different school histories, coupled with the different school climates and regulations. Thus teenage girls’ adaptation issue is individualized. Their choices for attending school includes, distance from home to school, the length of school time, and a more tolerant school regulations. Beside, with the school offering accommodating standards, counseling services and also with family support; these are the key for adolescent mothers to re-enroll. The researcher has made the recommendations above, both in practical practice and academic fields, based on this research.

Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa com adolescentes grávidas e mães de um primeiro bebê (até cinco meses após o parto), usuárias de um serviço público de pré-natal de Santos (SP). O estudo investiga a percepção das adolescentes sobre si mesmas e sobre suas vidas, usando referências psicanalíticas e trabalhando com três instrumentos de pesquisa - questionários, desenhos de auto-retrato e entrevistas em profundidade. Resultados de 82 questionários com adolescentes grávidas indicaram dificuldades com a educação formal anterior à gravidez, figuras maternas valorizadas e figuras paternas avaliadas negativamente, e gravidez em geral aceita e ocorrida numa relação de namoro. A análise de 150 desenhos de auto-retrato de adoescentes grávidas destacou: sinais de ambivalência, auto-imagens não muito prejudicadas, tendência de se retratar num momento mais próximo ao presente, auto-retratos anteriores à gravidez com menos sinais de conflito, desenhos estando grávida com sinais de ansiedade, e auto-retratos posteriores ao parto com indícios compensatórios. A análise de entrevistas em profundidade com 10 adolescentes mães apontou: gravidez relacionada a conquistas de benefícios sociais, grande valorização das figuras maternas e ataques às figuras paternas e aos pais dos bebês (antes mais idealizados), indícios de busca de engravidar, vida sexual sem maiores impedimentos e com algum conhecimento sobre métodos contraceptivos, queixas de perdas quanto a passeios, relação com a escola tendendo a manter a trajetória anterior à gravidez, e relação cuidadosa com o bebê. Para as adolescentes pesquisadas, pertencentes a segmentos mais pobres de população urbana, a gravidez não pareceu percebida de forma negativa e associou-se a alguns ganhos sociais, durante a gestação e os primeiros meses do bebê. / This work presents a research with adolescents in the first pregnancy and becoming mothers, until five months after delivery, using a specialized public service, offered by the city of Santos, SP, Brazil. The study investigates the self perception of the adolescents, using psychoanalytical references and working with three instruments of research: questionnaires, self portrait drawings and interviews in depth. The results of the 82 questionnaires with pregnant adolescents indicated difficulties with formal education prior to the pregnancy, valorized mother figures, negatively evaluated father figures, no objection to the pregnancy and that it has occurred during the dates with the boyfriends. The analysis of 150 self portraits from pregnant adolescents pointed out to signals of ambivalence, self image not much damaged, tendency to make a self portrait in a moment close to the present, self portraits prior to the pregnancy with few signals of conflicts, portraits of pregnants indicating signals of anguish and self portraits prior to the delivery with compensatory evidence. The analysis of the interviews in depth with 10 adolescents mothers indicated pregnancy related to social benefits, great increasing in the mother figures, as well as aggression to the father figures and to the fathers of the babies (better idealized before), indication of provoked pregnancy, fair knowledge about contraceptive methods, sexual life with few obstacles, some complaints about not going out anymore, same relationship with the studies as they had prior to the pregnancy and a careful relationship with the babies. The pregnancy does not seem perceived in a negative way for these adolescents, belonging to the poorer segments of the urban population, rather it can be related to social benefits, during the period of pregnancy and in the beginning months of the baby’s life.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe factors that affect the utilisation of antenatal services by pregnant adolescents in Muheza district, Tanzania. Quantitative, descriptive study was used. The Andersen and Newman Framework of Health Services Utilisation were used as a conceptual framework. The study population consisted of 235 adolescents who delivered in the Muheza district while attending postnatal clinics and health centres providing reproductive health services between January 2012 and March 2012. The findings revealed a high percentage of under- utilisation of ANC due to low level of education, low individual and household income, inadequate knowledge about sexuality and poor attitudes towards reproductive health services as exemplified by low prevalence of contraceptive use. The distance from clinic, the use of family planning methods, source of antenatal care and having more than four children under 16 years were associated with adequate utilisation of antenatal services. Recommendations were made to promote antenatal services usage by pregnant adolescents in Tanzania. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

La relation mère-enfant a une influence sur le développement de l’enfant. Cette étude vise principalement à vérifier si la sensibilité maternelle modère l’expression du tempérament difficile de l’enfant à 9 mois. Elle vise également à vérifier si la relation d’attachement sécurisante / insécurisante modère le développement de comportements perturbateurs chez les enfants de 24 mois. Les données de l’étude La mère veille ont été employées. L’échantillon compte 96 mères adolescentes, âgées entre 14 et 19 ans, provenant de deux (2) milieux distincts : une école spécialisée pour mères adolescentes et un foyer de groupe. Des analyses de régression multiple n’ont pas confirmé l’effet modérateur de la sensibilité maternelle sur l’expression du tempérament difficile de l’enfant à 9 mois. Les analyses ont cependant montré un effet prédictif de l’attachement sécurisant / insécurisant sur le développement des comportements perturbateurs à 24 mois. En effet, un enfant qui a développé un attachement sécurisant envers sa mère est moins à risque d’émettre des comportements perturbateurs à l’âge de 24 mois. Les résultats ne permettent cependant pas de confirmer que l’effet observé est modérateur. / Mother-child relationship has an influence on children’s development. This study aims to verify if maternal sensitivity moderates the expression of a difficult temperament at 9 months, and if a secure or insecure attachment relationship with the mother moderates the development of disruptive behaviors in 24 month-old children. Data come from the study «La mère veille». The sample includes 96 teenage mothers (14-19 years old) recruited from two different resources: A specialized school for teenage mothers and a group home. Multiple regression analyses did not confirm the moderating role of maternal sensitivity in the expression of child difficult temperament at 9 months. Analyses nevertheless demonstrated a predictive relation between secure/insecure attachment and disruptive behaviors at 24 months: Children who had developed a secure attachment relationship with their mother were less likely to exhibit disruptive behaviors at 2 years. The current results did not support the hypothesis of a moderating role of attachment security.

La relation mère-enfant a une influence sur le développement de l’enfant. Cette étude vise principalement à vérifier si la sensibilité maternelle modère l’expression du tempérament difficile de l’enfant à 9 mois. Elle vise également à vérifier si la relation d’attachement sécurisante / insécurisante modère le développement de comportements perturbateurs chez les enfants de 24 mois. Les données de l’étude La mère veille ont été employées. L’échantillon compte 96 mères adolescentes, âgées entre 14 et 19 ans, provenant de deux (2) milieux distincts : une école spécialisée pour mères adolescentes et un foyer de groupe. Des analyses de régression multiple n’ont pas confirmé l’effet modérateur de la sensibilité maternelle sur l’expression du tempérament difficile de l’enfant à 9 mois. Les analyses ont cependant montré un effet prédictif de l’attachement sécurisant / insécurisant sur le développement des comportements perturbateurs à 24 mois. En effet, un enfant qui a développé un attachement sécurisant envers sa mère est moins à risque d’émettre des comportements perturbateurs à l’âge de 24 mois. Les résultats ne permettent cependant pas de confirmer que l’effet observé est modérateur. / Mother-child relationship has an influence on children’s development. This study aims to verify if maternal sensitivity moderates the expression of a difficult temperament at 9 months, and if a secure or insecure attachment relationship with the mother moderates the development of disruptive behaviors in 24 month-old children. Data come from the study «La mère veille». The sample includes 96 teenage mothers (14-19 years old) recruited from two different resources: A specialized school for teenage mothers and a group home. Multiple regression analyses did not confirm the moderating role of maternal sensitivity in the expression of child difficult temperament at 9 months. Analyses nevertheless demonstrated a predictive relation between secure/insecure attachment and disruptive behaviors at 24 months: Children who had developed a secure attachment relationship with their mother were less likely to exhibit disruptive behaviors at 2 years. The current results did not support the hypothesis of a moderating role of attachment security.