Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The teenage pregnancy is often considered a social problem and public health. It is also perceived as a complex and multifactorial phenomenon. Planned or not, takes on different meanings depending on context economic, cultural and social environment in which he belongs. This study aimed to compare the perceptions of pregnant and nonpregnant adolescents on the education received by parents through the Parental Styles Inventory (IEP). In addition, it sought to identify, through a questionnaire, the views of teenagers about parenthood as well as whether there are differences between the two groups of adolescents, the age of first sexual intercourse, information and contraceptive use. The data analysis was conducted using the statistical program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13.0. There were no statistically significant differences in the two groups in the perception of parenting practices lived with his parents in his views about maternity and contraceptive use. We stress the importance of considering public policies, the various factors involved in the production of adolescent pregnancy thus minimizing risks and vulnerabilities arising from these issues / A gestação na adolescência é comumente considerada um problema social e de saúde pública. Ela é também percebida como um fenômeno multifatorial e complexo. Planejada ou não, assume diferentes significados conforme o contexto econômico, cultural e social em que se encontra inserida. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar as percepções de adolescentes grávidas e não grávidas sobre a educação recebida pelos pais, através do Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP). Além disso, buscou-se identificar, através de um questionário, as opiniões das adolescentes sobre maternidade, bem como se há diferenças entre os dois grupos de adolescentes, na idade da sexarca, informação e uso de contraceptivos. As análises dos dados foram realizadas através do programa estatístico Statistical Package for de Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 13.0. Foram constatadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos dois grupos estudados na percepção das práticas parentais vividas com os pais, em suas opiniões sobre maternidade e no uso de contraceptivos. Ressalta-se a importância de considerar, nas políticas públicas, os vários fatores implicados na produção da gestação na adolescência, minimizando, assim, riscos e vulnerabilidades decorrentes desses aspectos.

A gestação é um período de transição que faz parte do processo normal do desenvolvimento humano. Há grandes transformações, não só no organismo da mulher, mas quanto ao seu bem-estar, alterando seu psiquismo. Depressão é um transtorno mental relativamente comum durante a gravidez, associado a diversos fatores de risco. Os sintomas da depressão são frequentemente confundidos com as oscilações de humor normais da gravidez. A ocorrência de depressão em gestantes pode incorrer em consequências no desenvolvimento da criança. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de verificar se filhos de mães deprimidas apresentam diferença no índice de Apgar, peso, altura e sinais de retração, comparados àqueles cujas mães não sofreram de depressão. Para isso, foram avaliadas quarenta díades mãe-bebê utilizando os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Avaliação de Depressão de Hamilton, Índice de Apgar e Escala de Avaliação da Reação de Retração no Bebê. Os resultados dos dois grupos (mães deprimidas e não deprimidas) foram comparados estatisticamente. Todas as mães foram submetidas aos instrumentos acima relacionados de maneira padronizada. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os índices de Apgar , peso ou altura. No entanto, observou-se uma tendência de diferença entre filhos de mães deprimidas e não deprimidas quanto aos sinais de retração. Concluiu-se que crianças filhas de mães deprimidas não apresentaram alterações em grande parte das categorias avaliadas durante os primeiros seis meses de vida, observando-se uma tendência a manifestarem maior freqüência de sinais de retração, dado que justifica a avaliação de uma amostra maior. / Pregnancy is a transition period which is natural to the process of human development. There are major transformations, not only physiological, but also in the well being of women which alters their psyche. Depression is a relatively common mental disorder that can be associated with several risk factors. The symptoms of depression are frequently mistaken for mood swings which are common during pregnancy. The presence of depression can lead to consequences in the development of the child. The objective of this paper is to verify if children from depressed mothers present differences in Apgar scores, weight, height and signs of distress when compared to children whose mothers did not suffer from depression. In order to do so, forty mother-baby dyads were evaluated using the following tests: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Apgar scores and The Baby Alarm Distress Scale. The results from both groups (depressed mothers and non-depressed mothers) were compared statistically. All the mothers were subjected to the tests listed above in a standardized manner. There were no differences observed in the Apgar scores, weight or height, however a tendency was observed in the difference between children from depressed mothers and non-depressed mothers when analyzed for signs of distress. It was concluded that children from depressed mothers do not present changes in most of the evaluated categories for the first six months, observing that there is a tendency for children to present signs of distress more frequently, data which justifies the evaluation of a bigger sample of patients.

Magister Public Health - MPH / Adolescent pregnancy holds numerous health and social risks for mother and child. Adolescent access to maternal health services is of vital importance to ensure that pregnant adolescents receive timely and effective health care. Evidence suggests that adolescents tend to seek medical care late in their pregnancies and attend fewer than the recommended four antenatal visits. This results in missed opportunities to improve maternal and newborn health due to untreated sexually transmitted diseases and uninhibited mother-to-child HIV transmission, resulting in low birth weight among other poor pregnancy outcomes. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of adolescent births worldwide, in keeping with evidence that low-to-middle income countries have the highest rates of adolescent pregnancy. Adolescent pregnancy in South Africa remains a public health concern, and the Mitchells Plain sub-district has a particularly high rate of adolescent pregnancy. The aim of this study was thus to explore the barriers to access for maternal health care services amongst pregnant adolescents in the Mitchells Plain sub-district.

Magister Artium - MA / Globally, teenage pregnancy remains a disturbing phenomenon which impacts on the lives of teenagers, their families and society as a whole. Numerous attempts at addressing the problem have seen a decline in fertility rates but agreement still exists that the incidence of young girls bearing children is unacceptably high. Studies conducted over the years have emphasised both the causes and consequences of teenage births. Many studies too have explored the benefits of preventative strategies. Yet, despite all this, teenage pregnancy remains a cause for concern with many teenage girls remaining sexually active after a first pregnancy, and exposing themselves to subsequent pregnancies and births. This study was focused on teenage girls who had experienced unintended repeat pregnancies. Through the research a deeper understanding of the meanings that female teenagers ascribe to repeat pregnancies, were sought. A sample group of teenage mothers were allowed to take a step back from their experience of the repeat pregnancy; to think deeply about the experience, and to reflect on what they had learnt and how it has impacted on their current lives. The researcher employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive, explorative design in order to obtain a rich description of the experiences of teenage mothers who have been through a repeat pregnancy. The goal of the study was to explore and describe the reflections of these teenage mothers who had experienced unintended, repeat pregnancies. Data was obtained through semi-structured individual interviews where an interview guide was used. The data was analysed according to the steps outlined by Creswell (2009). Findings were noted and recommendations made. These recommendations are designed for role-players involved with teenagers and youth in general. Emphasis was placed on recommendations to professionals, like educators, healthcare workers and social workers who are at the coalface of dealing with teenagers who engage in sexual activity. Finally, recommendations for further research were made.

“Rapid repeat pregnancy”, which is common among young mothers, is the onset of pregnancy within 24 months of a previous pregnancy outcome. Teenage motherhood is associated with many economic, social, and health challenges. These challenges often become more serious and more difficult to manage after a subsequent delivery. The circumstances surrounding rapid repeat pregnancy among young mothers living in Ottawa remain unclear. This study explores the experiences, knowledge, and attitudes of young mothers towards rapid repeat pregnancy and contraception through a multi-method study. The multimethod study includes in-depth interviews with young mothers living in Ottawa who have experienced rapid repeat pregnancy and in-depth interviews with services providers who work with them. Results from the interviews indicate that young mothers often do not use post-partum contraception, actively and passively plan their pregnancies, experience violence, and have mental health and substance abuse issues. Many young mothers expressed that trying to access services, especially mental health support services, can be a long and difficult process. Key informants expressed the need for more sexpositive, youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health education. There is a need to identify and further develop youth-friendly services that young mothers feel comfortable accessing. Supporting efforts to increase adolescent mothers’ and service providers’ awareness of existing services appears warranted.

Background Teenage pregnancy is a public and global health concern that remains a substantial challenge in Low-income countries, particularly the densely populated countries, including Rwanda. The factors that contribute to teenage pregnancies are broad, with the most common are socioeconomic factors. The study aims to investigate the association of socioeconomic, demographic factors of teenagepregnancy in Rwanda. Methods This study uses a cross-sectional study of Demographic and Health Survey data from the national Representative of Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey done between 2014 and 2015. Our study Analysis used a weighted data sample of adolescents aged 19-24 years. Bivariate descriptive and logistic regression was used to examine the associated factors of Teenage Pregnancy. Results Descriptive bivariate analysis exhibit place of residence, wealth index and education attainment variables are statistically significant. Multivariate analysis found positive association with teenage pregnancy after adding all variables to control potential confounders in bivariate logistic regression. For example, education attainment (no education and primary); Religion (Protestant and Adventist); wealth index (poor and middle) teenager’s women and girls who lived in the eastern region were associated with pregnancy among women who were Below 20 years old. Conclusion There is a substantial increase in teenage pregnancy in Rwanda. The study results demonstrate that potential factors (economic status and education attainment) are more likely to correlate to teenage pregnancy in Rwanda. Socioeconomic and demographics factors should be strongly considered when designing policies to address teenage pregnancy in Rwanda. / <p>Thesis presentation of Socio-economic factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Rwanda: A secondary analysisof Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey data from 2014-2015 by Kalisa Francois</p>

No description available.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o processo de desenvolvimento de um programa de visita domiciliar para adolescentes gestantes e mães, implementado pelo Núcleo de Estudos da Violência da Universidade de São Paulo (NEV/USP). O local inusitado em que este programa tem origem um núcleo de pesquisas que tem como seu principal eixo de trabalho a relação entre democracia e direitos humanos, possibilitou que alguns conceitos, muitas vezes implícitos nas práticas de intervenção, fossem questionados e revistos a partir de questões relacionadas à cidadania, direitos e a democracia. Neste sentido, buscou-se, a partir de uma leitura de Michel Foucault sobre as práticas govenamentalizadas de poder, discutir questões que, tomadas como verdades, passam a acionar práticas prescritivas, normatizas e regularizadoras. Práticas que ativam e reativam relações de poder, muitas vezes de forma arbitrária e autoritária, principalmente quando tem alvo de suas intervenções o pobre e/ou a população empobrecida. Tendo como foco os saberes e, consequentemente, a produção discursiva que se forma em torno da adolescência e, posteriormente da gravidez na adolescência, buscou-se compreender em que contexto esta última se transforma não só em problema como também, a partir de sua associação com as idéias de risco e vulnerabilidade, passa a justificar práticas interventivas focadas, sobretudo, no indivíduo e/ou população. Por fim, busca-se descrever como estas questões conceituais foram constantemente tensionando os saberes e as práticas tanto da equipe envolvida na criação e implementação de um programa como também, posteriormente, das próprias participantes / The objective of this work is to report the process of development of a program of home visitation for adolescent pregnant women and adolescent mothers carried out by the Center for the Study of Violence of the University of São Paulo (NEV/USP). The unexpected institution where this program was born a research center that has as its main axe of work the relationship between democracy and human rights , made it possible that some of the concepts, frequently implicit on intervention practices, be questioned and revised from the point of view of matters of citizenship, rights and democracy. Departing from a reading of Michel Foucault about the governmentalized practices of power relations, this work sought to discuss matters that, taken as truths, trigger prescriptive, normative and regulating practices. Practices that activate and reactivate power relations, very often on arbitrary and authoritarian way, especially when the focuses of interventions are poor individuals or poor communities. Having as its focus the knowledge and, therefore, the discursive production that takes form surrounding adolescence and, latter, surrounding pregnancy during adolescence, the thesis sought to understand in which context this last one transforms itself into problems, as well as, from its associations with ideas of risk and vulnerability justifies interventions focused mainly on individuals and population.Lastly, it was sought to describe how these conceptual matters were constantly tensioning knowledge and practices not only among the professional team that developed and implemented the program but also, latter, by the participants themselves

<p>The aim of the study was to explore the socio-cultural influences in decision making involving sexual behaviour among adolescents in Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Cultural beliefs associated with adolescents&rsquo / decision to become sexually active were explored, as well as the social norms influences involved in adolescents&rsquo / sexual behaviour. The theoretical framework used for the study was Bronfenbrenner&rsquo / s ecological systems theory of development. The results indicated that adolescent pregnancy was perceived as unacceptable behaviour although found widespread in communities. Social influences such as peer influence, low socioeconomic status, alcohol use and lack of parental supervision were found to play a role in adolescents&rsquo / risky sexual behaviour. Cultural beliefs, cultural myths and social norms were identified as socio-cultural influences that endorsed issues such as gender disparities, which made adolescent mothers vulnerable. Findings from this study suggest that female adolescents are faced with sexual behaviour complexities.</p>

This study explored adolescent girls‟ subjective experiences of being young mothers in school, focusing on their personal and interpersonal relationships within their social contexts. Participants included 15 young black mothers aged between 16 and 19 years from three high schools in Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Conducted within a feminist social constructionist framework, the study adopted an exploratory qualitative structure. Data were collected through life histories that were analysed within a thematic narrative framework. The narratives revealed that the young mothers found motherhood challenging and overly disruptive of school. Although contexts of childcare emerged as pivotal in how young mothers balanced motherhood and schoolwork, these were also presented as characterised by notions of power and control. Because of the gendered nature of care work, the women who supported the young mothers with childcare dominated the mothering spheres. The schools were also experienced as controlled and regulated by authorities in ways that constrained the young mothers‟ balancing of school and parenting. Equally constraining to a number of adolescent mothers were structural challenges, for example, parenting in spaces that lacked resources. These challenges were compounded by the immense stigma attached to adolescent motherhood. The study recommended that the Department of Education work closely with all the parties concerned in ensuring that pregnant learners benefit from the policy. It is necessary that educators are encouraged to shift attitudes so that communication with adolescent mothers is improved.