Pour ce travail nous analysons le Pérou comme État d'origine et la France État d'accueil. Nous développons dans un Chapitre préliminaire l’importance de la Convention de La Haye du 29 mai 1993. En Première Partie Le chemin vers l’adoption d’un enfant péruvien par des Français, où existe deux conditions d’un côté établir que l'enfant péruvien est soumis à une vérification de sa situation légale dans le but de déclarer son adoptabilité et de l’autre qu'il y a des candidats français aptes et qualifiés évalués par des autorités compétentes françaises afin de déclarer leur qualification et leur aptitude à adopter. En Deuxième partie La réalisation de l’adoption au Pérou par des Français, le Secrétariat National d’Adoptions est l’autorité centrale chargée de s’assurer que les obligations assumées par l’Etat péruvien soient accomplies dans le cadre de la Convention de La Haye. Les adoptants français doivent transmettre leurs sollicitations au Secrétariat National des Adoptions qui va les apprécier et conclure l’adoption par résolution administrative. Puis en Troisième partie L’après adoption, les parents adoptifs doivent demander la reconnaissance par les autorités françaises de l’adoption réalisée au Pérou. L’adoption plénière provoque la rupture des liens avec la famille d’origine. Celle-ci n’empêchera pas les enfants adoptés s’ils atteignent l’âge de la majorité ou même s’ils sont encore mineurs de désirer connaître leur famille biologique. En guise de conclusion nous essayons de répondre à la question: L’adoption est-elle une véritable alternative à l’enfance abandonnée? / For this work we consider Peru as the state of origin and France as the receiving State. We develop in the preliminary Chapter the importance of the Hague’s Convention of 29 th May 1993. In the first Part: The way to the peruvian child adoption by french candidates where two conditions are considered: On one side the peruvian child who is subject to verification of his legal status with the intention to declare his adoptability, and on the other hand, the french candidates able to qualify, being evaluated by the french competent authorities in order to determine their suitability and their capability to adopt. In the Second Part: The accomplishment of the adoption in Peru by French Citizens, the Secretary National of Adoption is the central authority that makes sure that obligations assumed by the Peruvian State are enforced as part of the Hague’s Convention. The French candidates have to send their application to Secretary National of Adoption who, in turn will perform its function and, finally the adoption is completed by an administrative decision. After that in the Third part: After adoption, the adoptive parents have to demand the recognition of the French authority of the adoption realized in Peru. The plenary adoption causes the child to lose all ties with the biological family. This rupture does not prevent the adopted child from learning about his biological family, once he has reached adulthood. Conclussion: we set forth to answer the question: Is adoption a true alternative for abandoned children?

Effective Health Systems make service provision easy for health workers, especially if they have access to the latest guidelines in a dynamic profession where new technologies are ever emerging. However, available data indicates that the health system in Uganda is constrained and still using old technologies despite the availability of newer technologies. As a result, this study sought to investigate the adoptability, cost effectiveness, and sustainability with regard to Personal Digital Assistants. The study, which was cross sectional in nature, was carried out in Mbale District in Eastern Uganda between 2008 and 2010. In depth interviews were conducted with health workers and key informants. Also, published and unpublished literature about theUganda Health Information Network was reviewed.The findings revealed that the use of Personal Digital Assistants also known as handheld computers can go a long way towards improving healthcare delivery in countryside health facilities. To health workers in remote places, the PDAs are a source of the latest clinical care guidelines for several diseases including HIV and AIDS as well as malaria. Health information systems have been improved and data collection and reporting have been eased by this technology. However, while evidence of viability of this technology exists, it still has challenges like power and delays in software updates among others.

Defect prevention (DP) in early stages of software development life cycle (SDLC) is very cost effective than in later stages. The requirements elicitation and analysis & negotiation (E and A&N) phases in requirements engineering (RE) process are very critical and are major source of requirements defects. A poor E and A&N process may lead to a software requirements specifications (SRS) full of defects like missing, ambiguous, inconsistent, misunderstood, and incomplete requirements. If these defects are identified and fixed in later stages of SDLC then they could cause major rework by spending extra cost and effort. Organizations are spending about half of their total project budget on avoidable rework and majority of defects originate from RE activities. This study is an attempt to prevent requirements level defects from penetrates into later stages of SDLC. For this purpose empirical and literature studies are presented in this thesis. The empirical study is carried out with the help of six companies from Pakistan & Sweden by conducting interviews and literature study is done by using literature reviews. This study explores the most common requirements defect types, their reasons, severity level of defects (i.e. major or minor), DP techniques (DPTs) & methods, defect identification techniques that have been using in software development industry and problems in these DPTs. This study also describes possible major differences between Swedish and Pakistani software companies in terms of defect types and rate of defects originating from E and A&N phases. On the bases of study results, some solutions have been proposed to prevent requirements defects during the RE process. In this way we can minimize defects originating from E and A&N phases of RE in the bespoke requirements engineering (BESRE).

The years 2010 and 2011 recorded a number of incidents of natural disasters around the globe. These disasters resulted in death, injuries and loss of family members. Children, a vulnerable group of persons, found themselves caught up in the chaos of the natural disasters. Some children lost family members, others became separated from their families and caregiver(s) as a result of the disaster, and those who were "alone" prior to the natural disasters became completely exposed to serious physical and psychological harm. Yet, every child has the right to a family. States have a duty to protect separated and unaccompanied children. Such protection involves prevention of separation, assessment of the child's situation, registration, documentation, family tracing, verification and reunification, emergency care arrangements, and permanent care arrangements. Based on the premise that every child has a right to grow up in a family environment this dissertation attempts to answer the question: How can separated children and unaccompanied children, in the African context, be protected in the event of natural disasters such that their right to a family is promoted and protected? In so doing, it presents an explanation of the concepts of separated children and unaccompanied children through investigation xii into the practical effects of separation on children. It also presents discussions on the concept "natural disasters" and some of the effects of natural disasters on separated children and unaccompanied children. There is an attempt at defining the concept "family" based on its internal and external constitution and function, and a consideration of the needs which a family should satisfy in a child. Familial rights enjoyed by children are presented and analysed as rights which exist under the canopy of the "right to a family". In line with the Interagency Guiding Principles, the different stages of protection in natural disasters are highlighted and particular attention is given to intercountry adoption and the implications of placing moratoriums on intercountry adoptions at different stages of the intercountry adoption process, following events of natural disasters. The study stresses the need to balance the importance of protecting the child with the need to provide the child with a permanent family. Copyright / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Private Law / unrestricted