The middle period of the 20th century, the births of electronic calculator and information transmission technology, let the civilized development course be faster. Under the situation in the considerable and significant growth of product-producing and cultural dissemination , the compatibility of products is shaped into the top theme that sought together by customers and manufacturers .The growth of the diverse products in markets gives a chance of option to the users in markets .This research shows that it will only be after undergoing the marketable course of competition certainly when every manufacturer introduces the products , could determines that whether it's a market that monopolize or a situation that is formed by the incompatibility of every product from each manufacturer. Based this background, The research was done by using language Visual Basic to write a function about marketing share¡Buser preference ¡Btechnology and strategy to confer when ¡Bwhy and how the competing technologies will become Monopoly or have marketing shares with each other in a long period. From the conclusion of this research, we know what will the firms do under the supposition of this research and there is the description about the limit in this research and the feasibility study in the future.

This thesis evaluated training groups for adoptive parents of special-needs children. It was hypothesized that training would influence parenting stress, stress symptoms, and marital satisfaction, and that helpfulness of training sections would depend upon the status of the participants' children (i.e., foster, adopted, or adoption in process). Data were collected from 15 participants who were sampled through agencies that typically interact with adoptive parents. Repeated measures ANOY As were computed to compare scores on the PSI/SF Parental Distress Subscale, OQ-45, and RDAS across three time intervals. No significant differences were found. Data from a scale of helpfulness were analyzed using descriptive statistics. There was a general trend such that foster parents reported the training groups as least helpful, adoptive parents reported them as more helpful, and participants in the process of adoption reported the highest ratings of helpfulness. Explanations for results are discussed along with implications and recommendations for future research.

Enterprise 2.0 has become popular in firms. Many Enterprise 2.0 researchers and practitioners have recognized the importance of benefits and costs in using Enterprise 2.0 by individuals. However, their effects on adoption intention in enterprise contexts are not discussed. To investigate this issue, we proposed a model to understand the intention to adopt Enterprise 2.0. Three factors are identified based on value-based adoption model (VAM), namely perceived benefits, perceived costs, and perceived value. An empirical survey was conducted to collect data. 500 samples were collected within 18 days. Of which 150 was valid. This yielded a response rate of 30%. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used to analyze the data and verify the model. The result showed that perceived value not only played an important role in mediating the relationship between perceived benefits and costs, and adoption intention but it also exerted a significant effect on intention to adopt Enterprise 2.0. Moreover, we identified major factors that may affect perceived value. We find that both perceived benefits and perceived costs have significant impacts on perceived value, and cause intention to adopt Enterprise 2.0. Implications of such finding are discussed.

The Residential Aged Care (RAC) industry is the fastest growing sector of the health care industry in Australia, particularly with the needs of people aging eighty five years and over consuming most health care services (Productivity Commission, 2006). This thesis examines the staffing efficiency challenge that is facing the RAC industry in Australia, from the facility managers' perspectives. Staffing efficiency is a crucial component in the success of this industry that is labour intensive, delivering complex services twenty-four hours per day and seven days per week. By achieving staffing efficiencies, facility managers would minimise labour cost expenditures; thus, ensuring sustainability and growth of their organisation in the long run. The literature reviewed revealed limited number of scholarly reviews about staffing efficiencies conducted in Australia. Nevertheless, it highlighted a number of available staffing approaches available overseas which could be of promising results if they were adopted to suit the Australian industry and its operational systems. This thesis explores the prospects of RAC facility managers adopting 'alternative' or 'new' staffing methods in their facilities as one solution for this staffing challenge. In this study, the researcher refers to alternative or new staffing methods as staffing methods that are not currently utilised in the staffing of RAC facilities in Australia. Using an Interpretivist research paradigm, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participating RAC managers in their work environment. During the interviews, a sample alternative staffing tool, developed prior to the study, was displayed. The data generated were analysed in the context of the RAC industry's environment, operational challenges, and through the theoretical implication of neo-liberalism. This theory provided a vehicle for the analysis of the data generated on staffing within the context of Australia's current economic policies. The generated data revealed little chance of such adoption reflected in a number of findings including: 1) Participants' lack of interest in adopting alternative staffing methods despite their comments on the unsuitability of current tools. 2) Overdependence of the industry on cost cutting measures and monetary performance indicators. 3) Lack of incentives for the adoption of change and 4) Lack of preparedness of RAC facility managers for such change. Thorough analysis of the findings revealed misinterpretation of free-market principles in the currently utilised staffing tools, which links demand of service to the number of individuals requiring care on one hand, and the supply of services available to the number of staff rostered to provide the care, on the other hand. The application of such a principle on the RAC industry is questionable, particularly with the inconsistency in the elderly residents' care needs and the staffing skill mix. A new staffing approach that uses the care required by the elderly individuals and the staffing skills available in the facilities as the basis for the demand and supply principles will provide a plausible solution for facing the staffing challenge. A joint venture between the Australian government and the RAC industry to encourage the adoption of such alternative staffing approach is the recommended way forward for improving staffing efficiencies.

No description available.

Nowadays actors within the business context are presented with a vast menu of different ideas which they can potentially adopt. This begs the question why actors choose to adopt a specific idea out of all the other available options. Our study explores the theoretical topic concerning travel of ideas, through the empirical context of leaders who practice extreme athleticism. The research question is: How and why do leaders adopt the idea of extreme athleticism? To answer this question, we assort several theoretical insights into six themes that are foremost predicated upon Scandinavian institutionalist contributions. The six themes are translation, previous practices, strategic purposes, fashion, legitimacy, and field, which is synthesised into a novel conceptual framework to help us understand how and why actors adopt an idea. The study is qualitative and collects data from 12 semi-structured interviews and 48 newspaper articles. Our main finding is that each of the six themes explored in this study are salient and helps us understand how and why actors adopt an idea, with a particular emphasis on the interplay between the intrinsic and extrinsic benefits. A suggestion for further research is therefore to develop and refine the conceptual model presented in this study.

[pt] A adoção tardia de uma criança é um processo complexo que suscita sentimentos ambíguos, tais como amor, desconfiança, preconceito, insegurança, medo, frustração e realização plena. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as implicações envolvidas no processo da adoção tardia, tanto no que diz respeito a pais adotantes quanto a crianças adotivas. A coleta de dados para a elaboração dessa pesquisa foi feita com a participação de três mães adotantes, três pais adotantes e três filhos adotivos, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 2009 e 2010. Os filhos adotivos tinham entre 6 e 14 anos na época de sua adoção. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com as mães, os pais e os filhos, não havendo entre os participantes nenhuma relação de parentesco. A partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo, os dados foram agrupados em 5 categorias, assim nomeadas: 1) a motivação dos pais para adotar; 2) o preconceito na adoção; 3) o processo jurídico na adoção; 4) a importância dos grupos à adoção; 5) a criança na nova família. Constatou-se que, em todos os casos de adoção, a motivação preponderante foi a esterilidade de um dos membros do casal. Em princípio, todos desejavam adotar um bebê recém-nascido e, no decorrer do processo, devido à dificuldade de encontrar crianças com esse perfil, optaram pela adoção de crianças maiores. A esperança de uma realização plena que envolve o primeiro momento na busca de uma adoção sofre um impacto que, diante das dificuldades que se apresentam, assim como diante da criança real, muitas vezes frustra essa expectativa inicial. A maioria dos entrevistados, declarou ter recebido o apoio de toda a família na decisão de adotar um filho, ainda que, tenha havido manifestação de preconceito por pessoas de seu meio social. Conclui-se que, para os pais e mães adotantes assim como para os filhos adotivos, o estabelecimento do vínculo afetivo-familiar não ocorre de imediato. Há que se percorrer um longo caminho buscando constituir um futuro sólido nessa relação sem, contudo, esquecer-se do passado da criança que não pode ser apagado. A verdade é o alicerce sobre o qual se erguerá uma relação sólida entre pais e filhos. Os grupos de apoio funcionam como elemento facilitador para a construção dessa relação. / [en] The late adoption of child is a complex process that raises ambiguous feeling, such as love, mistrust, prejudice, insecurity, fear, frustration and full realization. The aim of this work is to investigate implications involved in process of late adoption, in relation to the adoption parents and to the adoption children. The data saved for the elaboration of the research has been collected with the participation of three adopting mothers, three adopting fathers, threes adopting children in the state of Rio de Janeiro, between 2009 and 2010. The adopted children were between 6 and 14 years old at the time of their adoption. Semi structured interviews with the mothers, fathers and children were held, not existing any parental relationships among the participants. Starting from the technique used to analyze the contents the contents of the research, the data was grouped into 5 categories, so named: 1) the parent s motivation to adopt; 2) The prejudice in adoption; 3) the legal process; 4) the importance of the groups to the adoption; 5) the child in the new family. It has been found that I all the adoption cases the most frequent motivation was the sterility of one member of the couple. At the beginning all wanted to adopt a newborn baby and, as the process went by, due to the difficulty to find a child who would meet that profile, then chose to adopt older children the hope for the full realization that involves the first moments in the search for adoption suffers an impact that, before the difficulties that arise and also before the real child many times frustrates the initial expectation. Most of the interviewees declared that they had received the support of the whole family by the time of their decision to adopt a child. Although, there was some prejudice from people in their social circle. The conclusion, for the adoption fathers and mothers as well as the adopted children, was that the establishment of the family bonds does not occur immediately. It s a long way to establish a safe future for that relationship. Not forgetting though the past of the child, that can not be ignored. The truth is the foundation above all and children will be raised. The support groups work as facilitators for the construction of that relationship.

No description available.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral investigar, sob a ótica da Nova Sociologia Institucional, quais fatores contribuíram para o enfraquecimento e abandono do Custeio Baseado em Atividades nas empresas objetos do estudo, Beta e Gama. As publicações sobre o Custeio Baseado em Atividades aumentaram expressivamente a partir de 1985, porém não obtiveram sustentabilidade no longo prazo. Percebeu-se muita confusão nos conceitos sobre o método de custeio e resultados das pesquisas não comparáveis, o que contribui para o seu desentendimento conceitual e potencial abandono do método. O caminho que levou aos achados teve base em pesquisa qualitativa e nas empresas estudadas foram avaliados os estágios de adoção do ABC, estágios de institucionalização e as variáveis de desinstitucionalização. Pelos distintos objetivos que motivaram a adoção do ABC, a empresa Beta alcançou o terceiro e a Gama o segundo estágio de adoção. O isomorfismo normativo, incentivado pela recomendação de consultorias, apresentou muita importância nas empresas, enquanto os demais isomorfismos, mimético, coercitivo e competitivo, apresentaram menor relevância. Durante o período de vigência do método de custeio nenhuma das empresas alcançou o estágio de total institucionalização. Ao avaliar os fatores de abandono e desinstitucionalização do ABC, o pressuposto com maior expressão foi o de pressão social, por não trazer inovação informacional, não ser uma exigência da matriz, além da falta de incentivos fiscais. Na categorização dos pontos críticos, foram mapeados dez fatores para a não continuidade do ABC sendo desses, seis inovações não previstas na literatura consultada e quatro que reforçaram a literatura atual. A originalidade deste trabalho reside no conjunto de achados que permitiram o desenvolvimento de uma estrutura básica para que acadêmicos e profissionais analisem antes de incorrer em investimentos e alocação de colaboradores que não trarão o resultado financeiro esperado pela descontinuidade do artefato adotado pela empresa. / The research aimed to investigate under the perspective of New Institutional Sociology which factors contributed to the weakness and abandonment of Activity Based Costing in the companies studied, Beta and Gama. Research on the Activity Based Costing significantly increased since 1985, but did not achieve long-term sustainability. It was noticed a lot of confusion in concepts about the costing method and research results presented are not comparable which contributes to its conceptual misunderstanding and potential abandonment of the method. The path that led to the findings was based on qualitative research and the companies studied were evaluated the stages of ABC\' adoption, institutionalization\' stages and variables of deinstitutionalization. By distinct goals that motivated the adoption of ABC among the companies studied, Beta reached the third stage and Gama reached the second adoption stage. The normative isomorphism encouraged by the recommendation of consulting firms presented a lot of importance in companies, while the remaining isomorphisms, mimetic, coercive and competitive, had smaller relevance. During the period of the costing method neither company has reached the stage of full institutionalization. Evaluating the factors of abandonment and deinstitutionalization of ABC the assumption with highest expression was the social pressure, for not bringing innovation informational, not to be a requirement of the head quarter, besides the lack of fiscal incentives. The categorization of the critical points, ten factors were mapped to not continuity of ABC being these six innovations not covered in the literature, and four that reinforced the current literature. The originality of this research lives in the set of findings that allowed the development of a basic structure for academics and practitioners to analyse it before incurring investments and allocation of employees who will not bring the expected financial results due to the discontinuity of the tool adopted by the company.

Providing instruction using different instructional delivery methods allows the learner to absorb content in a way that fits the individual learner. Today’s students have grown up immersed in digital technology. However, many higher education faculty are still not speaking the same digital language as their students. The issue may be that the pedagogical and epistemological beliefs of faculty who are “digital immigrants” affect the teaching methods used in the higher education classroom today. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore design college faculty perceptions of the adoption of virtual world technology into the classroom. Diffusion and adoption theories, adoption models, and patterns of adoption provided a conceptual framework for this study. This mixed methods study collected data through a survey and post-survey interviews administered to faculty of 21 design colleges. The quantitative survey instrument included questions about the usage of technology, including virtual world technology, in the higher education classroom. A total of 309 faculty completed the survey. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, means, and standard deviations were used in the analysis. A correlation analysis was performed to determine if there was a relationship between selected variables and the survey responses. Post-survey semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 faculty participants who volunteered for the interviews after participating in the survey. In this study, I used the constant comparative open coding hybrid method for the interview analysis. The specific research question posed in this study was: What are the perceptions of design college faculty regarding the use of virtual world technology in their courses? Guiding questions included: (a) What are faculty perceptions about virtual world technology that potentially affect its adoption into the classroom? (b) What are faculty perceptions of the affordances of using virtual world technology in the classroom? (c) What are faculty perceptions of the challenges of using virtual world technology in the classroom? In general, the results of this study indicate that while higher education faculty perceive that virtual world technology has the potential to be a useful teaching tool in the classroom, the faculty also perceive that they do not have the essential software and hardware support from their colleges to adopt this type of technology as a teaching tool in their courses.