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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Evolução do campo de dunas transgressivo da margem leste da Lagoa do Peixe, Litoral Médio do Rio Grande Do Sul, de 1948 a 2010

Hahn, Ana Rita Oliveira January 2015 (has links)
O presente estudo concerne à compreensão da evolução morfológica entre 1948 e 2010 no campo de dunas transgressivo da margem leste da lagoa do Peixe, situado no Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe (PNLP), Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e à análise dos agentes responsáveis pelas transformações verificadas. O PNLP possui banhados, matas de restinga, lagoas de água doce e salobra e campos eólicos transgressivos, demandando proteção. A metodologia consistiu na análise de imagens aéreas, de 1948 e de 2001, e orbitais, de 2010, sendo todas manipuladas no software ArcGis®. Utilizaram-se, também, dados de precipitação de 1948 a 2010, obtidos do Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), e de vento do período entre 1958 e 2000, da Marinha do Brasil, e de 2008 a 2014, do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), sendo gerados gráficos de anomalias de chuva e de direção, frequência e velocidade do vento. Constatou-se que o campo de dunas apresentava extensas cadeias transversais e barcanoides e baixa cobertura vegetal em 1948, evoluindo para cadeias barcanoides menores, barcanas isoladas, lençóis de areia, dunas parabólicas e bacias de deflação em 2001 e em 2010, além de áreas úmidas interdunas. Verificou-se um significativo incremento da pluviosidade anual e nos meses de novembro como resultado do aumento da frequência de eventos El Niño (ENOS), promovido pela fase quente da Oscilação Decenal do Pacífico (ODP) de 1977 até o início do século XXI, aumentando a cobertura vegetal e as áreas úmidas na área de estudo. Observaram-se modificações no padrão de ventos na região, o qual pode estar relacionado aos fatores climáticos, às mudanças na cobertura vegetal e ao uso do solo para a silvicultura. Os fatores responsáveis pelas mudanças morfológicas no campo eólico, portanto, correspondem ao incremento das chuvas e à presença da silvicultura, que reduziu o suprimento de areia e também afetou a morfologia local. / This study is about understanding the morphologic transformations occurred between 1948 and 2010 in the transgressive dunes field of Peixe lagoon’s east margin, situated in the Lagoa do Peixe National Park (LPNP), in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and analyzing which agents control these transformations. The LPNP has wetlands, sandbank woods, freshwater and brackishwater lagoons and transgressive dunefields that must be protected. The methodology was analyze aerial photographies of 1948 and 2001 and SPOT-5 satelitte images from 2010, and georeference them on ArcGis® software. It was found that the transgressive aeolian system showed morphologic transformations in the analyzed period, because it was identified many transversal and barchanoid ridges in 1948 which suffered reduction in current images, occurring the evolution of both into smaller barchanoid ridges, isolated barchan dunes, sand sheets, parabolic dunes, blowouts and wetlands on interdunes environments in 2001 and 2010. There was also an important increase in annual rainfall and in every November, because the El Niño events (ENOS) increased during the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), from 1977 to beginning of the 21th. This factor increased the vegetal covering and the wetlands on the dunes field. There were changes in the local wind pattern that can be related to climatic factors, variations in the vegetal covering and land use for silviculture. Thus, the factors that changed the morphology in the dunes field were the increasing of the rainfall and the silviculture that reduced the sand and also affected the local morphology.
42

Avaliação dos efeitos de telas porosas sobre a aerodinâmica de pilhas de carvão / The effects of porous fences on the aerodynamics of coal piles

Malcum, Karin Ceroni January 2006 (has links)
O manuseio de matéria-prima bruta utilizada na indústria pode gerar emissões durante o seu transporte, armazenamento e eventual mistura. A atuação dos ventos em pátios abertos de armazenamento de carvão que existem em termelétricas, siderúrgicas e zonas de mineração pode acarretar no transporte e dispersão de partículas de carvão a grandes distâncias e a alturas consideráveis. É desejável reduzir a emissão do poluente sem interferir na atividade operacional destes pátios de carvão, de forma a se obter ganhos ambientais e econômicos. Os efeitos da utilização de telas de proteção para reduzir o transporte eólico de partículas de carvão foram estudados através de ensaios em túnel de vento, medindo-se as distribuições das pressões médias e flutuantes sobre a superfície de um modelo reduzido, em escala 1/125, de uma pilha representativa de um pátio real de estocagem de carvão.Distintas porosidades de tela (68%, 53%, 37% e 0%), em três distintas configurações, dois afastamentos e a duas diferentes alturas foram testadas. Além das medidas de pressões, o campo de velocidades sobre a superfície e entorno das pilhas foi obtido através de medições com sistema de anemometria de fio quente. Percebe-se claramente que as velocidades médias do vento são mais altas próximo ao topo da pilha, e que a presença das telas causa uma redução destas velocidades nas regiões mais críticas. As telas com porosidades intermediárias mostraram-se mais eficazes em minorar os efeitos nocivos provocados pela combinação das sucções na superfície com as velocidades tangenciais de arrasto. Verificou-se que a redução da porosidade implica em uma redução na velocidade do vento atuante na pilha. Quando posicionada a barlavento, a tela com porosidade 0% (placa) causou um aumento da zona de recirculação atrás da mesma, aumentando, portanto, as sucções sobre a superfície da pilha. Entretanto, quando posicionada a sotavento, a placa sólida implicou em reduções significativas das pressões médias sobre a pilha. De uma forma geral, as telas com porosidades variando de 53% a 68% foram mais eficazes em reduzir as flutuações de pressão na face a barlavento da pilha, sem aumentar significativamente as pressões médias. Entretanto, as telas com porosidade em torno de 37% foram as mais eficientes em reduzir os picos de pressão que se desenvolvem a partir de incidências oblíquas do vento. / The effects of using wind fences to reduce wind-blown coal dust were studied through wind tunnel tests. The mean and fluctuating pressure distributions over the surface of reduced coal pile models were measured. The tests were performed at a 1/125 scaled model of a typical coal pile. Different fence porosities (68%, 53%, 37%, 0%) as well as different fence positions and heights were tested. Further to the pressure measurements, the field velocities over the surface and surroundings of the piles were obtained through hot-wire anemometry measurements. The fence with no porosity (0%) caused and increase in the re-circulating zone behind the fence, therefore increasing the negative pressures over the pile surface, being soon disregarded. The fences with porosities ranging from 53% to 68% were most effective in reducing the pressure fluctuations on the windward face of the pile, without increasing significantly the mean pressures over it. These pressures are closely related to the dust emissions from the surface, directly affecting the surrounding environment. Although most effective for reducing pressure fluctuations, the best combined effect together with the drag surface velocities were found for the fences with intermediate porosities. The 37% porosity fence was the most effective in reducing the oblique wind induced peak pressures.
43

Arquitetura de fácies, modelo deposicional e evolução estratigráfica do sistema eólico permiano do membro caldeirão da Formação Santa Brígida

Jones, Fábio Herbert January 2015 (has links)
O Membro Caldeirão (Formação Santa Brígida), Permiano, localizado na região nordeste do Brasil (Bacia de Tucano Central), é caracterizado pela acumulação de arenitos eólicos compreendendo duas associações de fácies: (i) dunas eólicas, e (ii) interdunas. A associação de fácies de dunas eólicas é caracteriza pela sobreposição de sets cruzados de dunas compostos basicamente por estratos de fluxos de grãos nas porções mais íngremes dos foresets que se interdigitam a base com estratos transladantes cavalgantes de marcas onduladas eólicas. As medidas de paleocorrentes dos estratos cruzados apresentam um sentido de mergulho médio para ENE. A associação de fácies de interdunas ocorre intercalada com estratos de dunas eólicas e possuem variação de fácies de alta frequência na sua deposição entre depósitos de interdunas secas, úmidas e encharcadas. As laminações cruzadas de marcas onduladas subaquosas apresentam paleocorrente para NNW indicando que as correntes fluviais encontravam-se confinadas nos corredores de interdunas. Os depósitos de interdunas ocorrem em posições específicas na sucessão estratigráfica e sugerem variações na taxa de subida do lençol freático e/ou na taxa de disponibilidade de areia seca durante a acumulação eólica. Quatro intervalos deposicionais foram encontrados para o Membro Caldeirão, numerados de I a IV, da base para o topo. Os intervalos I e III são caracterizados por sistemas eólicos secos, e os intervalos II e IV por sistemas eólicos úmidos. A alternância entre sistemas eólicos secos e úmidos podem estar relacionados com flutuações climáticas influenciadas por ciclos orbitais. / The Permian Caldeirão Member (Santa Brígida Formation), located in the northeast region of the Brazil (Tucano Central Basin), is characterized by accumulation of aeolian sandstones comprising two facies associations: (i) aeolian dune and (ii) interdune deposits. The aeolian dunes facies association is made up by trough to tangencial cross-bedding formed by grainflow strata on the steepest portions of the foresets that intertongue downwards with wind ripple translatent laminae. The aeolian cross strata shows a mean dip towards the ENE. The interdune facies association occur interlayered with aeolian dune cross-bedded sets and are compounded by facies indicative of dry, damp and wet depositional context suggesting high frequency variation in the humid of the interdune surface. The measured paleocurrents to NNW of the ripple cross-lamination indicate that streamflows was perpendicular to the migration direction of the cross-strata of aeolian dunes, confined to the interdune depressions. Interdunes deposits occur at specific intervals in the stratigraphic succession, suggesting temporal changes in the rate of the water table rise and/or of the dry sand availability. Four depositional intervals can be observed in aeolian succession of the Caldeirão Member, numbered I to IV, from bottom to top. Intervals I and III can be classified as dry aeolian systems, while intervals II and IV represent wet aeolian systems. The temporal alternation between dry and wet aeolian systems may be related to climatic fluctuations influenced by orbital cycles.
44

SimulaÃÃes de campos de dunas sob a influÃncia do crescimento de vegetaÃÃo e da exposiÃÃo do nÃvel de Ãgua do terreno. / Simulations of dune fields under the influence of vegetation growth and the exposure of the ground water level.

Marco CÃsar Monteiro de Morais Luna 16 August 2010 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Neste trabalho estudamos a gÃnese de campos de dunas costeiras atravÃs do modelo DUNE desenvolvido por Sauermann et al. (2001) e Kroy et al. (2002), e posteriormente aprimorado por SchwÃmmle e Herrmann (2004). O modelo DUNE foi desenvolvido para calcular o transporte de grÃos por saltaÃÃo e para a formaÃÃo de dunas de areia. Depois, passou a levar em consideraÃÃo tambÃm o crescimento da vegetaÃÃo (DurÃn e Herrmann, 2006a). Inicialmente investigamos a gÃnese e os primeiros estÃgios de desenvolvimento de campos costeiros de dunas na presenÃa do crescimento da vegetaÃÃo. O modelo à aplicado para calcular a evoluÃÃo da areia transportada na mesma direÃÃo do vento para dentro de um terreno onde ocorre o crescimento da vegetaÃÃo. Antes, o modelo reproduziu a fixaÃÃo da areia e consequente estabilizaÃÃo de dunas barcanas na presenÃa das plantas, resultando na formaÃÃo de dunas parabÃlicas (DurÃn et al., 2006a). Aqui, buscamos o entendimento dessa competiÃÃo entre o transporte de areia e o crescimento da vegetaÃÃo no desenvolvimento de dunas transversais na presenÃa do crescimento de plantas, quando encontramos uma altura mÃxima para a duna transversal sob a influÃncia da vegetaÃÃo. Em seguida realizamos um estudo detalhado do desenvolvimento de campos de dunas levando em consideraÃÃo variaÃÃes nos parÃmetros relevantes: largura da praia, disponibilidade de sedimentos, intensidade do vento, a velocidade de crescimento da vegetaÃÃo e a altura mÃxima atingida pelas plantas. Diferentes morfologias foram obtidas para os campos de duna costeiras que dependem fundamentalmente da taxa de crescimento caracterÃstica da vegetaÃÃo e da velocidade de cisalhamento do vento, e que conseguem reproduzir padrÃes encontrados em campos reais. Depois investigamos no trabalho, a gÃnese e o desenvolvimento de campos de dunas costeiros na presenÃa de um nÃvel de Ãgua dinÃmico. Para isso complementamos o modelo com uma superfÃcie de Ãgua dinÃmica. Buscamos aqui, obter e compreender a influÃncia de uma superfÃcie de Ãgua exposta no terreno no desenvolvimento e na morfologia das dunas. De maneira que, buscamos tambÃm um entendimento quantitativo da dinÃmica de campos de dunas costeiros como funÃÃo das condiÃÃes climÃticas locais, jà que a dinÃmica do nÃvel de Ãgua està ligada ao regime de chuvas (Jimenez et al., 1999; Levin et al., 2009). Os resultados mostram que, para ventos com velocidade de cisalhamento u∗ constante, o principal efeito da presenÃa da Ãgua à tornar as dunas no campo mais regulares em sua forma e tamanho. à medida que o deslocamento no nÃvel de Ãgua Aw se torna maior, as dunas sofrem uma transiÃÃo, passando de barcanas para cadeias de dunas barcanÃides e depois para dunas transversais, reduzindo as alturas mÃximas atingidas pelas dunas. A Ãgua espalha a areia por todo campo e diminui a existÃncia de Ãreas livres da presenÃa de areia, impedindo a formaÃÃo de dunas e levando à formaÃÃo de um leito arenoso de relevo suave. Quando fixamos a altura mÃxima atingida pelo nÃvel de Ãgua e aumentamos o seu tempo de exposiÃÃo tew acima do chÃo, as dunas no campo apresentam padrÃo mais regular na forma e na altura da mesma maneira que acontece quando cresce o deslocamento no nÃvel de Ãgua. Para um vento unidirecional oscilando senoidalmente fora de fase em relaÃÃo a oscilaÃÃo do nÃvel de Ãgua, de maneira contrÃrio ao vento constante, à medida que Aw se torna maior, maiores sÃo as dunas no campo, e as dunas passam de cadeias de dunas barcanÃides para dunas barcanas isoladas. Nesse caso, a areia fica retida nas dunas e nÃo temos a formaÃÃo de um leito de areia à medida que Aw cresce. Jà no caso de um vento senoidal em fase com a oscilaÃÃo do nÃvel de Ãgua as dunas somente surgem para pequenas variaÃÃes no nÃvel de Ãgua. Esses resultados concordam com observaÃÃes realizadas em campos reais por Kocurek et al. (1992), reproduzindo as fase destrutivas e construtivas que se alternam em campos de dunas sob a influÃncia de um nÃvel de Ãgua oscilante, devido Ãs mudanÃas climÃticas sazonais. Conseguimos com o modelo reproduzir alguns padrÃes de morfolÃgicos de dunas que sÃo encontrados nos LenÃÃis Maranhenses. A comparaÃÃo dos resultados obtidos nas simulaÃÃes com as imagens de satÃlite da regiÃo à bastante satisfatÃria, tanto do ponto de vista qualitativo, quanto do ponto de vista quantitativo. / In this work we study the genesis of coastal dune fields using the DUNE model developed by Sauermann et al. (2001) and Kroy et al. (2002), and later perfected by SchwÃmmle and Herrmann (2004). The model was developed to calculate the transport of grains by saltation and the formation of sand dunes, and then it takes account the growth of vegetation (DurÃn and Herrmann, 2006a). Initially we investigate the genesis and the early stages of development of coastal dune fields in the presence of vegetation growth. The model is applied to calculate the evolution of sand transported in the same direction of the wind into a land where there is vegetation growth. In previous work, the model reproduced the fixation of sand grains and the stabilization of dunes. Consequently, the barchans dunes in the presence of plants can be transformed into parabolic dunes (DurÃn et al., 2006a). Here, we seek the understanding of competition between the sand transport and vegetation growth in the development of transverse dunes under the influence of plant growth, when we find a maximum height for transverse dunes under the influence of vegetation. Then we conduct a detailed study of the development of dune fields taking into account changes in the relevant parameters: the width of the beach, availability of sand sediment, wind intensity, the vegetation growth rate and the maximum height reached by the plants. Different morphologies are obtained for the coastal dune fields which depend crucially on the characteristic vegetation growth rate and the wind shear velocity, which can reproduce patterns found in actual fields. After we investigate, the genesis and development of coastal dune fields in the presence of a dynamic water level. In other to do it we complement this model with a dynamic water surface. Here we try to obtain and understand the influence of a exposed water surface over the ground in the development and morphology of the dunes. In this way, we also try a quantitative understanding of the dynamics of coastal dune fields as a function of local climatic conditions, since the dynamics of the water level is linked to rainfall (Jimenez et al., 1999, Levin et al., 2009). The results show that for a constant wind shear velocity u∗ the main effect of the presence of water is to produce the dunes in the field more regular in their shape and size. As the shift Aw in the water level becomes larger, the dunes undergo a transition from barchans dunes to chains of barchans dunes, and then to transverse dunes, reducing the maximum height reached by the dunes in the field. The water spreads the sand across the field and reduces the existence of areas which are free of the sand presence, preventing the formation of dunes and leading to the formation of a sandy bed with a smooth surface. When we increase the time which the water level tew is above the ground, the dunes in the field pattern are more regular in shape and height in the same way as when we increase the shift in water level. For a unidirectional wind sinusoidally oscillating out of phase with respect to fluctuation of water level, in opposition to the constant wind, as Aw becomes larger, higher are the dunes in the field, and they undergo a transition from chains of barchans dunes to isolated barchans dunes. In this case, the sand is retained in the dunes and we do not observe the formation of a sand bed as Aw grows. In the case of a sinusoidal wind in phase with the oscillation of the water level, the dunes appear only for small shifts in the water level. These results agree with the observations of real sand dune fields (Kocurek et al., 1992), reproducing the constructive and destructive phases which alternate in dune fields under the influence of an oscillating water level due to seasonal climatic changes. In the simulations we reproduce some morphological patterns of sand dunes that are found in the LenÃÃis Maranhenses sand dune field. Comparison between simulation results and satellite images of this region is quite satisfactory from a qualitative point of view and from a quantitative point of view.
45

Impactos ambientais, revegetaÃÃo e perspectivas de uso dos sistemas de dunas em setores da costa cearense / Environmental impacts, revegetation and perspectives for the use of dune systems in parts of the coast of CearÃ

Eduardo Castro Menezes de Borba 11 May 2010 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A determinaÃÃo do Ãndice de vulnerabilidade das dunas que compÃem parte da costa cearense demonstrou que hà um gradiente de susceptibilidade à degradaÃÃo e à erosÃo dos campos de dunas a partir do municÃpio de Paracuru atà chegar ao municÃpio de Beberibe. Neste trecho foram encontrados os maiores nÃveis de ocupaÃÃo sobre dunas e em contra partida poucas medidas de gerenciamento foram verificadas no que diz respeito ao manejo deste ambiente. Devido ao recente aumento na produÃÃo de energia eÃlica, impulsionada por incentivos do governo federal, foram analisados os danos que estes empreendimentos causam na natureza e a opiniÃo dos moradores de suas redondezas. Esta anÃlise repercute que os parques eÃlicos apresentam um potencial de impacto baixo, pois as edificaÃÃes do terreno atingem apenas 5% da Ãrea ocupada. No entanto a principal preocupaÃÃo està em razÃo da compactaÃÃo do solo necessÃria à construÃÃo de estradas que dÃo acesso aos aerogeradores, jà que isto causa a diminuiÃÃo da percolaÃÃo de Ãgua doce que sÃo armazenadas no aqÃÃfero formado pelas dunas. Como forma de apresentar um mÃtodo duradouro e sustentÃvel de conter o avanÃo das dunas em direÃÃo Ãs instalaÃÃes dos parques eÃlicos, alÃm da ocorrÃncia de deflaÃÃo eÃlica, foi desenvolvido in situ o experimento de propagaÃÃo de fragmentos de trÃs espÃcies pioneiras de plantas das dunas. Destas, a gramÃnea Paspalum maritimum apresentou maior destaque em relaÃÃo Ãs demais, Phaseolus panduratus (leguminosae) e Ipomoea pes-caprae (convolvulaceae), tanto pela maior sobrevivÃncia quanto pelo crescimento. / The determination of the vulnerability index of coastal dunes that make up in the central sector, has shown there is a gradient of susceptibility to degradation and erosion of the dune fields from the Paracuru city until you reach the Beberibe city. On this site we found the highest levels of occupation on dunes and counteroffer few management measures were observed with regard to preserve this environment. Due to recent increased production of wind power, driven by incentives from the federal government, we analyzed the damage that these developments cause in nature and beliefs of people in their surroundings. This analysis echoes that wind farms have a low potential impact, because the buildings hit the ground only 5% of the occupied area, but the concern is primarily due to soil compaction necessary to construct roads giving access to wind towers since this would cause the leaching of fresh water that is stored in the dunes aquifer. As a way to make a durable and sustainable method to control the dunes migration toward the installations of wind farms in this case was developed an experiment of spreading fragments in situ of three pioneer species of dunes plants belong different families. Where the grass Paspalum maritimum showed greater prominence in relation to Phaseolus panduratus (Leguminosae) and Ipomoea pes-caprae (Convolvulaceae), both by the higher survival as by growth.
46

Arctic Loess as an Environmental Archive: Holocene Dust and Wildfire Record in West Greenland / Arktiska lössjordar som arkiv för uråldriga klimat och miljöförändringar: en undersökning av mineralstoft och eldsvådor på västra Grönland

Hällberg, Lars Petter January 2018 (has links)
The largest wildfire ever observed in Greenland raged through its tundra during august 2017, and it is unknown if there have been similar wildfires in the area before satellite monitoring began in 1999. Arctic wildfires affect permafrost degradation, carbon storage of soils and the surface albedo of the Greenland Ice sheet – despite this, local fires have previously been ignored by researchers. Here, aeolian dust deposits are independently dated by radiocarbon and luminescence techniques and paleoenvironmental proxies and macrocharcoal contents reflecting local fires are analyzed. The dating results indicate that the onset of aeolian deposition coincides with the deglaciation of the area, suggesting that paleoenvironmental proxy records from aeolian dust deposits may extend the entire ice-free period of the area until approximately 8 ka BP. Luminescence signals are generally partially bleached, resulting in age over-estimation of several samples. This effect is quantified using the pIRIR/IR ratio and different integration limit intervals. No evidence for previous wildfires were found during the charcoal analysis, suggesting that the area around the assessed profile has never been burnt since its deglaciation. These first results show promise for the method, and in order to expand this to a regional estimate of the wildfire activity through the Holocene, analysis of more material is needed.
47

The Interaction of Aeolian and Fluvial Processes in Dry Washes on the Colorado Plateau, USA

Walker, Beau Jensen 01 December 2014 (has links) (PDF)
In the past decade there has been a call for integrated studies that examine the interaction of fluvial and aeolian processes (Belnap et al., 2011; Bullard and Livingstone, 2002). In this study, we examined the role of land-use, weather, and soil type on the flux of aeolian material into dry washes on the Colorado Plateau in central Utah, USA, and western Colorado, USA. Our goal was to quantify the impact of individual deposition and erosion events by correlating weather and land-use data with a combination of measurement methods including dust collection via dust traps, GPS surveying, and close-range photogrammetry. Our data suggest that there is an interaction between these processes and that seasonality and land-use play a large role in determining the strength of this interaction. Particularly, high land-use and dry, windy conditions were most conducive to the surface movement of sediment and subsequent removal of that sediment by fluvial processes.
48

Sedimentology of the basal Stoddart Formation (Upper Mississippian) in the area of Josephine Field, northwest Alberta

Hrabi, Robert Blair 04 1900 (has links)
<p> A sedimentogical and petrological examination of the basal sands of the Stoddart Formation in the area of Josephine field has been undertaken. The determination of the depositiianal environment and the history of sedimentation of the basal Stoddart sands are the objectives of this study. </p> <p>The thick sands at the base of the Stoddart Formation which have a blocky gamma ray response consist of fine-grained sandstone dominated by angle of repose cross-bedding. The sedimentary structures, stratification types, composition and facies relationships of these sands indicate that they are of a coastal aeolian origin.</p> <p>The compositional, textural and surface texture characteristics of these sands were studied under petrographic, cathodolumenescent and scanning electron microscopes. Observations indicate that the above criteria can be used to support the interpretation of an aeolian origin for the cross-bedded sands of the basal Stoddart Formation. </p> <p>The sands of the basal Stoddart show rapid transitions between sub-aerial and marine environments. These rapid changes are believed to be caused by sudden sea level fluctuations resulting from movement of reactivated faults in the Peace River arch area. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)
49

Spatial and Temporal Geochemical Characterization of Aeolian Material from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

Diaz, Melisa A. 12 December 2017 (has links)
No description available.
50

Quantifying Post-Fire Aeolian Sediment Transport Using Rare Earth Element Tracers

Dukes, David January 2017 (has links)
Grasslands provide fundamental ecosystem services in many arid and semi-arid regions of the world, but are experiencing rapid increases in fire activity making them highly susceptible to post-fire accelerated soil erosion by wind. A quantitative assessment that integrates fire-wind erosion feedbacks is therefore needed to account for vegetation change, soil biogeochemical cycling, air quality, and landscape evolution. We investigated the applicability of a novel tracer technique – the use of multiple rare earth elements (REE) - to quantify aeolian soil erosion and to identify sources and sinks of wind-blown sediments in a burned and unburned shrub-grass transition zone in the Chihuahuan desert, NM, USA. Results indicate that the horizontal mass flux of wind-borne sediment increased approximately three times following the fire. The REE-tracer analysis of aeolian sediments shows that an average 88% of the horizontal mass flux in the control area was derived from bare microsites, whereas at the burned site it was derived from shrub and bare microsites, 42% and 39% respectively. The vegetated microsites, which were predominantly sinks of aeolian sediments in the unburned areas, became sediment sources following the fire. The burned areas exhibited a spatial homogenization of sediment tracers, highlighting a potential negative feedback on landscape heterogeneity induced by shrub encroachment into grasslands. Though fires are known to increase aeolian sediment transport, accompanying changes in the sources and sinks of wind-borne sediments likely influence biogeochemical cycling and land degradation dynamics. Our experiment demonstrated that REEs can be used as reliable tracers for field-scale aeolian studies. / Geology / Accompanied by one compressed .zip file: MET_Tower_Data.zip

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