Spätestens die Geschichte in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts hat gezeigt, dass es historische Lektionen gibt, deren Verinnerlichung permanent, weil von jeder nachwachsenden politischen und militärischen Elite aufs Neue verweigert wird. Dazu zählt, dass militärische Gewalt in der Regel ein komplett untaugliches Mittel ist, anderen Staaten und Völkern den eigenen politischen Willen aufzuzwingen und regime change entweder zu verhindern oder herbeizuführen.

Indien macht sich Sorgen, ob seine betont nichtmilitärische Politik in Afghanistan nach Abzug der ISAF-Truppen Früchte trägt. Als einer der größten Entwicklungshilfegeber hat Indien nach Vertreibung der Taliban 2001 mehr als zwei Mrd. US-Dollar in das Land gepumpt und der Nachfrage nach militärischer Hilfe bislang erfolgreich getrotzt. Unter Umgehung des einflussreichen Grenzlandes Pakistan will Indien von den Bodenschätzen Afghanistans, seiner strategischen Lage und seinem Wirtschafts- und Handelspotenzial profitieren. Die Angst vor der Rückkehr der Taliban sitzt jedoch tief und die eigene Verwundbarkeit ist groß, wie die Bombenangriffe 2008 und 2009 auf indische Botschaften in Afghanistan zeigten. Langfristig wird Indien seine Interessen in diesem Raum nur über einen multilateralen Ansatz sichern können.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att komparativt undersöka hur de två största tidningarna i Frankrike och USA rapporterat kring konflikterna i Mali 2013 och Afghanistan 2001. Uppsatsens behandlar vilka likheter och skillnader som går att utläsa i rapporteringen mellan de båda konflikterna, vilka faktorer som påverkar rapporteringarnas vinkel, samt på vilket sätt vinkel rapporteras. Studien har genomförts med både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder. Sammanlagt har 207 artiklar kodats utifrån tolv variabler och utvalda artiklar har undersökts med hjälp av kvalitativ textanalys. Undersökningen visar att rapporteringen av de aktuella konflikterna skiljer sig när tidningen har egna reportrar på plats. Då det finns en utlandskorrespondent i det krigsdrabbade området tenderade rapporteringen fokusera på humana och civila aspekter. När tidningarna inte hade en utsänd reporter var i stället militären den primära källan och fokus låg då på militär överlägsenhet. Uppsatsens teoretiska ram är baserad på Galtungs teori kring krigs- och fredsjournalistik. Hvitfelt & Mattsons bok Bilden av ett krig har varit en inspirationskälla för uppsatsens kvantitativa undersökning och analysen av denna. Studien har undersökt hypotesen att krigsrapportering borde ha förändrats och närmat sig fredsjournalistik över tid, dels på grund av ökad användning av sociala medier och dels på grund av ökad forskning om förutsättningar för fredlig lösning av konflikter. Studien visar att det skett begränsade förändringar av krigsrapporteringen i tidningarna under de år som undersökts. Likheterna mellan rapporteringen i de båda konflikterna var fler än olikheterna, detta trots en större användning av till exempel sociala medier.

Television has developed dramatically over the past six years in Afghanistan with a potential for providing extensive health information to its viewers, yet little is known about the coverage of health issues on Afghan television. Using the theories of agenda-setting and framing, and social norms approach this study explored what health-related topics were covered, how they were covered, and what sociocultural practices were broadcasted by the major Afghan private, national televisions. The study used a sample of six constructed weeks in 2010 of two leading private, national television networks. Firstly, the study found that priority health problems such as maternal and child health, communicable disease and mental health received very less coverage. Secondly, however, individual-level and societal-level causes were blamed equally for the health problems; individual behaviour solutions were the favourite choice of the media, turning a blind eye to government weakness and organizational solutions. Thirdly, self-prescription, religious and traditional health seeking behaviour, and gender inequity were routine practices reflected on television. As the first content analyses of the coverage of health-related issues in Afghanistan, the study provides public health professions, the Afghan media and policy makers a broad picture of health information available to the public on the leading Afghan television stations.

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Design, Architecture and Building. / The purpose of this research is to examine the initial post-arrival process of recently arrived humanitarian entrants into Sydney, Australia from three non-traditional source countries, Bosnia, Iraq and Afghanistan. Resettlement was examined from social, economic and health perspectives, with the determinants influencing the settlement process being identified as a precursor to understanding the long-term adjustment process. A literature review on settlement adjustment from a multidisciplinary approach confirmed the dearth of research on early refugee settlement experience in Australia and overseas for groups other than the Indochinese. Such research has tended to concentrate on one of the specific aspects of settlement rather than attempting a holistic approach to understanding adjustment patterns. Subsequently, 44 key informants, representing over 25 different organisations providing services (both government and non-government) to humanitarian entrants, were individually surveyed to gather information on their clients' needs, perceptions and problems. Issues emerging from both the literature review and key informants' survey formed the basis of a survey of 172 recently arrived Bosnian, Iraqi and Afghan humanitarian entrants. Among the statistical tools used to analyse the entrants' surveys were Pearson's correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, Kendall's tau correlation, Spearman's rho correlation and Cronbach's alpha. Results indicated that during the initial settlement stage, the former socio-economic background of the entrants has little impact on their economic, social or health adjustment. Instead, the conditions of departure, such as the loss of property, long-term incarceration, torture and trauma, were found to have a far reaching influence on the entrants' social and health experiences in their new country; however, despite the variety of traumatic pre-departure experiences, the resilience of the entrants reinforced their determination to participate in the workforce. Although commonalities were found among the three groups in settlement outcomes, there were also distinct differences. The groups shared difficulties such as post-arrival unemployment, lack of suitable accommodation and family reunion concerns. However, the Bosnians, for example, experienced the greatest degree of health-related problems, the Iraqis expressed the greatest interest in sponsoring family members and the Afghans were the most well-adjusted of the three groups. Detailed policy implications are also presented; these emphasise that humanitarian entrants may experience adjustment difficulties qualitatively different from those of traditional migrants and argue for improved support services.

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008. / Thesis Advisor(s): Johnson, Thomas H. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 26, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-178). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.S. in Joint Campaign Planning and Strategy)--Joint Forces Staff College, Joint Advanced Warfighting School, 2008. / Title from PDF title page; viewed on Nov. 26, 2008. "4 April 2008." Electronic version of original print document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-86).

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-105). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis--Indiana University, 1976. / "77-10,977." Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 470-485).

Thesis (M.Journ.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [44-46]). Also available in print.