Thesis (MEd)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Presently(2002) South Africa finds itself in the centre of a transformation process as far as the provision of education is concerned. Curriculum restructuring is an ongoing process. An exciting development which is coupled herewith is the dissemination of curriculum information, in order to implement outcomes directed curriculum development successfully. This implies that educators must be able to handle these challenges; it demands that they have to be empowered in respect of appropriate curriculum knowledge and skills. In the concept document "Revised National Curriculum Statement for gr. R-9" specific mention is made of the fact that pupils should in future become familiar with the process of writing, which includes prewriting, concept writing, revision, editing and publishing. Indeed a great challenge for educators, acting as facilitators. When learners write, they must follow the aforesaid process. The fact that language, oral as well as written, assists pupils in brightening their thoughts and conveying their observations while they are forming and testing ideas, researcher is of the opinion that more time should be spent on the purposeful teaching of writing in the intermediate phase (gr. 4-6). In the light of the aforesaid the aim of this thesis was to establish, by means of a questionnaire, whether primary schools, and more specific the intermediate phase (gr. 4- 6), are implementing a writing development programme in which the process approach to writing forms an integral part of the teaching. The gathered information was used to suggest strategies for the implementation of a process approach to writing development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tans (2002) IS Suid-Afrika midde-in 'n transformasieproses In soverre dit onderwysvoorsiening betref. Kurrikulumherstrukturering vind voortdurend plaas. 'n Opwindende ontwikkeling wat met hierdie herstrukturering gepaard gaan, is die disseminering van kurrikulurninligting om uitkomsgerigte kurrikulumontwikkeling suksesvol te implementeer. Dit impliseer dat onderwysers in staat moet wees om hierdie uitdagings te kan hanteer; dit vereis dat hulle ten opsigte van toepaslike kurrikulumkennis en vaardighede bemagtig moet word. In die konsepdokument "Revised National Curriculum Statement for gr. R-9" word spesifiek daarna verwys dat leerders moet leer dat skryfwerk 'n proses is wat die volgende insluit: preskryf, konsepskryf, hersiening, redigering en publisering. Wanneer leerders dus skryf, moet hulle dié skryfproses volg. Omdat die gebruik van taal, mondeling sowel as skriftelik, leerders help om hulle denke te verhelder en hul waarnemings oor te dra terwyl hul idees vorm en toets, is navorser van mening dat meer tyd aan skryfonderrig in die intermediêre fase (gr.4-6) afgestaan moet word. Die probleem wat in hierdie tesis ondersoek is, is of 'n prosesbenadering tot skryfonderrig, waarin die onderwyser sy onderrig aan die hand van die kurrikulum en leerderkennis en - insette uitbou met doelbewuste onderrig van die skryfproses, en 'n daarmee gepaardgaande geleide komponent waaronder verstaan word die onderrig van skryfvaardighede, 'n bruikbare metode vir skryfonderrig in die intermediêre fase (gr.2-6) is. 'n Empiriese vraelysondersoek is by laerskole gedoen, en die verkreë inligting is gebruik om voorstelle aan die hand te doen waarvolgens 'n prosesgerigte skryfontwikkelingsprogram geïmplementeer kan word.

Thesis (MEd) -- Stellenbosch University, 1991. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aims at contributing towards the improvement of teaching, in secondary schools, of written composition and literature in Afrikaans as a first language. · For this purpose, an outline of the relevant literature is presented. It is evident that the teaching of Afrikaans is not entirely sound. As simple solution does not exist; however, this study is an attempt to improve the present situation by focussing on integrated teaching and on the implementation of the media. Technological development puts the media within reach of more people each day. Pupils spend a great deal of time watching television, films and videos; or listening to the radio, records and cassettes. They read newspapers and magazines. This study maintains that the media should therefore be utilized to advance the teaching of Afrikaans, as all communicative skills will then improve in particular reading and writing. An integrative approach to teaching is widely recognised as the ideal. Neuropsychological research has shown that the human brain functions optimally when teaching is integrated. Ideally, in regard to the teaching of a language, composition writing and literature study should merge. The current South African curriculum does not as yet place enough emphasis on this aspect. This study concludes that there is a need for integrated teaching to be introduced into the curriculum for Afrikaans as first language. A second conclusion is that the media, which can serve as device for blending written composition and literature teaching, is not yet exploited effectively. Pupils display an ardent interest in the media and it follows that the media should be used intentionally and as a prominent component of the teaching programme. An integrated teaching programme, which focusses on the media, is proposed in this study. Practical suggestions are made in this regard, proving that the media can serve as crucial point of integration for the teaching of written composition and literature. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om deur 'n oorsig van die relevante literatuur 'n bydrae te lewer tot die onderrig van stelwerk en letterkunde in Afrikaans as Eerste Taal in die senior sekondere skoolfase. Dit is duidelik dat alles nie wel is met die onderrig van Afrikaans nie. 'n Enkelvoudige oplossing is nie moontlik nie, maar hierdie studie wil probeer om die betreklik negatiewe beeld wat bestaan, te verbeter. Die invalshoek wat gekies is, is die van mediagerigtheid. Die patr.oon wat gevolg is, is 'n ge1ntegreerde onderrigbenadering. Tegnologiese ontwikkeling plaas die media binne al meer mense se bereik en dit is 'n werklikheid dat leerlinge baie tyd aan televisie, rolprente, radio, musiekvideo's, liedjies, koerante en tydskrifte bestee. In hierdie studie is van die standpunt ui tgegaan dat hierdie tendens tot voordeel van Afrikaans aangewend moet word om die media te benut ten einde leerlinge se lees- e~ skryfvaardighede en dus oak hulle kommunikatiewe vaardighede te ontwikkel. 'n Ge1ntegreerde onderrigbenadering word allerwee as die ideaal erken. Neuropsigologiese navorsing het getoon dat die menslike brein optimaal funksioneer wanneer onderrig ge1ntegreerd aangebied word. Wat die komponente van taalonderrig betref, is die ideaal dat die stelwerk en "letterkunde ten nouste ge1ntegreer behoort te word. Die huidige situasie in Suid-Afrika vertoon egter nog leemtes, want binne die bestaande kurrikulum kom ge1ntegreerde onderrig nog nie tot sy reg nie. Die studie kom dan tot die eerste gevolgtrekking dat daar wel 'n behoefte bestaan aan ge1ntegreerde onderrig in die kurrikulum vir Afrikaans Eerste Taal. 'n Tweede belangrike gevolgtrekking is dat die media as ontmoetingspunt van stelwerk en letterkunde nie genoegsaam ontgin word nie. Aangesien leerlinge so 'n intense belangstelling toon in die media, is dit net logies dat die media grater prominensie verkry binne die huidige kurrikulum deur die bewustelike inskakeling van hierdie media in die onderrigprogram. Aan die hand van praktiese voorstelle en wenke is in hierdie studie 'n ge1ntegreerde onderrigprogram vir stelwerk en letterkunde met as fokuspunt die media, voorgestel. Op die wyse is bewys gelewer dat die media wel as integrasiepunt van stelwerk en letterkunde kan dien.

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that affected the poor performance of students in Afrikaans FAL1 at grade twelve level in three schools in the Pietermaritzburg region. The critical questions addressed relate to the attitudes of learners and educators towards Afrikaans as a subject; the factors that influenced the choice of Afrikaans FAL as a subject; the influence of teacher qualification on the results; and the effect of assessment techniques on student performance. A preliminary review of related literature suggested that no research has been carried out in Pietermaritzburg with regard to Afrikaans - Second Language or in any other subject in relation to grade twelve results. This research is designed to address these gaps that exist especially with regard to research on performance in Afrikaans - Second Language in grade twelve and to expose areas of weaknesses that contribute to poor performance. Krashen's (1982) Multiple Hypothesis Theory will underpin the theoretical framework of this study. I will also draw on Cook's (1991) theory about the role motivation plays in the learning of an additional language. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative techniques for data collection. This involved the use of structured interviews and questionnaires that were administered to educators, questionnaires that were administered to learners and checklists that were filled in by the principals to indicate the level at which their schools were resourced. An interview with learners and a weeklong observation schedule with educators would have added valuable data. Data analysis was carried out with the aid of a computer package called SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Science). Pre-coded questionnaire responses were entered into a computer spreadsheet file and sorting and statistical comparisons of responses were carried out as appropriate. The study concluded with the finding that the use of a mother tongue and its impact on the acquisition of an additional language plays a major role in performance. In addition to this, the negative attitudes of African learners towards Afrikaans also had a disastrous impact on the results in grade twelve. Thirdly, the fact that learners did not study Afrikaans - Second Language prior to entering grade 10 made it difficult to grasp the language without any grounding that is normally acquired in primary school. Furthermore, students are fixed into course streams from grade 10 and Afrikaans Second Language is forced upon them if they choose certain subject packages. Finally in spite of one of the educators not being suitably qualified to teach Afrikaans - Second Language in the secondary school they were not exposed to professional development courses. Having identified certain factors that led to the poor performance of learners in Afrikaans - Second Language at grade 12 level, I hope that this information will be useful to the subject advisors, district managers and educators to address areas of concern. My recommendations are based on language policy, and professional development of educators. In terms of language acquisition, a second language should be introduced at grade three level. Secondly, I recommended that the Department of Education support the educators of Afrikaans FAL in the form of workshops and in service training and development. I suggest further research should be carried out with African learners but in different learning environments so that a comparison could be made between the two groups. A limitation of my study has reference to research tools. 1. Afrikaans FAL [First Additional Language] is also referred to as - Afrikaans Second Language. / Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.

‘Scrambling’ languages allow arguments in a given sentence to be ordered in a variety of ways while leaving the grammatical roles of these arguments unchanged. West Germanic languages like German, Dutch, Yiddish, and West Flemish exhibit, to different extents, scrambling properties (Haider, 2006; Grewendorf, 2005; De Hoop, 2003). One well established assumption is that a prerequisite for scrambling is a rich (overt) case morphology: Grammatical relations need to be overtly marked on arguments in order for them to freely permute (Haider, 2006; Mahajan, 2003). Afrikaans, like other West Germanic languages, also allows a certain degree of flexibility (Molnárfi, 2002; Biberauer & Richards 2006; Conradie, 2007 Huddlestone, 2010). Generally, however, it is assumed to be much more rigid than a richly inflected language like German, in part because Afrikaans is the most morphologically ‘impoverished’ of all the West Germanic languages (Molnárfi, 2002; Biberauer & Richards, 2006; Huddlestone, 2010). In this thesis, I draw attention to certain double object constructions in Afrikaans that allow German-like flexibility without German-like morphology. Afrikaans allows the indirect and direct object of particular verbs to optionally invert their canonical order in finite embedded sentences without V-raising. I propose an analysis within a minimalist framework that accounts for the flexibility exhibited by these constructions. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

Thesis (Master of Education (Education)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008 / This research aims to establish the relationship between language acquisition for isiXhosa as an additional language and the use of e-learning as well as the effect that such an approach will have on the students of the target group. The researcher selected a group of students from those whom she taught, and used e-learning by means of the Blackboard platform in the teaching process. A B-Ed 3 group was identified as target group out of which six candidates were randomly selected as case studies in order to monitor the process of implementation and usage. In an attempt to obtain underlying and rich information, they each maintained a journal about the e-learning usage, completed two questionnaires and attended a focus group discussion. These sources of information supplied data which reflected the students’ true feelings about e-learning. The lecturer, who had no previous experience of e-learning, attended e-learning courses and also from her perspective, noted the process of implementation in a journal. E-learning tasks were used as support to subject content which were used in the classroom. The students were therefore expected to attend all classes and complete the e-learning tasks outside of class time. The research determined that e-learning has the potential to be applied successfully to additional language teaching. Both the lecturer and the students experienced the process positively.

M.Ed. (Multiculturalism and Education) / The teaching of Afrikaans faces a variety of problems and challenges in a changing society. It is also evident that in future the teaching of Afrikaans will run parallel with marketing as a dynamic communication medium among the inhabitants of South Afrika (Botha, 1990:85). The above implies that Afrikaans as a language will still be taught as one of the official languages of South Africa. This also coincides with Strydom's remarks (Botha, 1990:85/86) that a new look of Afrikaans needs to be considered with regard to the unfolding of the multicultural reality of South Africa to all those learning the language. Emphasis, in the aim of teaching Afrikaans, rests in its functional use in societal context. Thus it has become inevitable that teachers who teach Afrikaans especially in black high schools require sufficient training. The importance of a well trained teacher for literature teaching cannot be disputed. Kuhn (1989:84), referring to the literature teacher, said "Die onderwyser se benadering in die vak bepaal die kwaliteit van interaksie tussen die teks en die leser grotendeels". In other words the teacher's role is vital in the teaching of literature. The teaching of Afrikaans literature in black high schools involves a considerable host of issues, namely stereotypes, negative attitudes and underqualified teachers. Students in literature classes appear not to understand Afrikaans literature. They are passive which means that literature teaching is dominated by teacher talk. The teacher goes to the extent of over explaining, trying to cover the syllabus. At the...

M.A. (Applied Linguistics) / In chapter 1 it is stated that the problem of academic underachievement should be addressed in a scientific manner. It is postulated that a responsible approach would be to identify the needs of the learners in question i.e. students who follow graduate courses in Afrikaans. In the second chapter it is shown that a learner-centred approach dictates a needs analysis. Furthermore the influence of attitudes and motivation on second language study is discussed. Chapter 3 gives a short historical overview of the development of language teaching with some emphasis on the communicative approach. The empirical data is presented and discussed in chapter 4. In the last chapter conclusions are drawn and some recommendations are made. The aim of the study is to identify the needs of students of Afrikaans at Vista University. It is accepted that the identification of the needs of the learners is instrumental in the approach of the aforementioned problem. The information was gleaned by an opinion survey which was completed by all third year students of Afrikaans. The data revealed that almost all students aim to teach Afrikaans to black children and they expect the courses to equip them for that. They also want to improve their communicative ability in Afrikaans. They are well . motivated(integrated motivation) to reach their goals. The learners are positive about the courses but they feel, however, that the courses are too" technicaI" and that they often find it difficult to identify with the "view of 1ife" portrayed in the 1iterature texts.

M.Ed. (Language Teaching) / The lack of proper regard for language variation and the heterogeneous nature of language in the teaching of Afrikaans First Language Secondary Phase caused various problems. Not only individuals but the whole Afrikaans language community and the language itself suffered. Language variation is actually recognised in the learning content and teaching approach of the latest Afrikaans First Language syllabus. However, because of the inadequate recognition in the syllabus and the current complexity of the Afrikaans language community, it is necessary to provide guidelines for augmenting the syllabus to improve the teaching-learning situation. This study therefore proposes appropriate learning content with regard to the heterogeneous nature of language, language variation and specific problems in the Afrikaans language community. In order to accommodate all the varieties of Afrikaans and speakers of these varieties in the teaching-learning situation, a multi-variety approach is recommended. With that in mind a strategy to implement a multi-variety approach and the teaching of the complex phenomenon, language variation in Afrikaans First Language Secondary Phase is proposed.

M.A. (Applied Linguistics) / Despite a worldwide drive to eradicate illiteracy, the numbers of illiterates are still soaring. Southern Africa is no exception to this. Even though statistics regarding illiteracy may be misleading, there are an estimated 400 000 illiterate mother tongue speakers of Afrikaans in South Africa. This study tries to establish the reasons for this situation within a historical-political framework. It further provides a sociocognitive basis for mother tongue literacy teaching, relying on the discipline of sociolinguistics. Literacy skills form part of the language user's communicative competence; this study, therefore, endeavours to situate literacy teaching within the communicative approach to language teaching with its emphasis on the needs of the language learner, the functionality of the acquired skills and the active participation of the language learner in the teaching activities. From this perspective a selection of literacy material in Afrikaans, representative of both the mainstream "establishment" type and the more "radical" school, is discussed to arrive at a theoretical and practical rationale for the teaching of literacy to Afrikaans mother tongue speakers, stripped of political undertones which so often direct literacy programmes. The main critique on Afrikaans literacy material is that it is either too behaviouristically structured or that no planned progressive structuring has been built into the courses. Both types of material can lead to dissatisfaction amongst literacy students if the respective course does not fulfil their need for literacy. This situation is often the result of an incomplete needs analysis and the creation of literacy material without a clear image of the target group. The unstructured manner in which literacy material is created and distributed is due to the lack of a national literacy strategy, as well as the nature of adult literacy teaching where specific needs of specific groups of illiterates dictate the type of material. A way of counteracting these problems would be to establish a national organisation to coordinate, amongst others, the development and distribution of literacy material. In this material the needs of the learner will be in a central position with the interaction between the learner and the teacher taking place in meaningful contexts. A thorough knowledge of andragogy and applied linguistics can therefore help to develop literacy material that will benefit Afrikaans illiterates, be they mother tongue speakers of the language or second language users who need to be literate in Afrikaans.

Bibliography: pages 184-192. / Within academia it is now accepted that personal experiences, as well social construction influence the way people perceive the world, and thus the research process and findings. Research, no matter how empirical, is not immune to personal quess work and conclusions. The same however, can be said for the establishment of museums and monuments which are meant to commemorate events, or epochs in the history of a nation. For in the establishment of the museum or monument the curators and researchers do choose those events which are deemed important enough as history to be preserved for prosperity. The following thesis is an investigation of the Afrikaans Taal museum, or Afrikaans Language Museum situated in Paarl, Cape Province. The museum aims to reproduce a history of the Afrikaans language, culminating in the eventual recognition of Afrikaans as an official language. In the thesis though, I argue that by choosing to represent certain events in the history of the language, and excluding others, the museum becomes a symbol of/for Afrikanerdom. If South Africa is to heal its wounds caused by Apartheid and the Armed Struggle, all monuments and museums established during the reign of the National Party will have to be investigated, and the feasibility of their existence called into question.